CN108273008A - 一种养护血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的中药 - Google Patents

一种养护血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的中药 Download PDF

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CN108273008A
CN108273008A CN201810324559.8A CN201810324559A CN108273008A CN 108273008 A CN108273008 A CN 108273008A CN 201810324559 A CN201810324559 A CN 201810324559A CN 108273008 A CN108273008 A CN 108273008A
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arteriovenous fistula
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李伟
胡洪贞
王川
王一川
肖振卫
周乐
武帅
候广建
齐振强
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Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种养护血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的中药,包括以下组分:黄芪15‑45g、丹参10‑20g、制首乌6‑15g、黄连6‑9g、鬼针草15‑30g、杠板归15‑30g、禹州漏芦4.5‑9g、大黄3‑10g、蛰虫6‑15g、冬凌草30‑60g、莪术6‑9g、七叶莲9‑15g、刘寄奴10‑20g、儿茶3‑5g、伸筋草5‑15g、苏木6‑15g、自然铜3‑9g、元胡5‑15g、骨碎补5‑15g、泽兰5‑15g、冰片3‑6g;预防动静脉内瘘手术后及血液透析过程中皮下血肿、血栓的形成,提高内瘘成熟度,同时全方补血活血以化瘀,清热解毒以消肿,补虚则邪不可干,去瘀解毒则新血可生。

Description

一种养护血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的中药
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中草药领域,特别是涉及一种养护血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的中药。
背景技术
血液透析是终末期肾病的有效方法之一,而动静脉内瘘是长期血液透析患者最为理想、最为常见的血管通路,被视为患者的生命线,它具有安全、血流量充分、感染机会少、不影响病人日常生活的优点。如何预防动静脉内瘘堵塞,延长其使用寿命至关重要。维持性血液透析患者对于血管内瘘成熟度的要求也较高,因此在使用过程中给予正确的护理干预和有效的保护措施,对于确保延长内瘘使用寿命和患者有效的血液供应等都至关重要。就目前而言,影响动静脉内瘘使用寿命最主要是血管闭塞。目前西医没有好的办法解决,只能出现闭塞后二次修复。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术问题,本发明提供一种预防动静脉内瘘手术后及血液透析过程中皮下血肿、血栓的形成,提高内瘘成熟度,同时全方补血活血以化瘀,清热解毒以消肿,补虚则邪不可干,去瘀解毒则新血可生的养护血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的中药。
本发明目的是通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明一种养护血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的中药,所述中药包括以下组分:黄芪15-45g、丹参10-20g、制首乌6-15g、黄连6-9g、鬼针草15-30g、杠板归15-30g、禹州漏芦4.5-9g、大黄3-10g、蛰虫6-15g、冬凌草30-60g、莪术6-9g、七叶莲9-15g、刘寄奴10-20g、儿茶3-5g、伸筋草5-15g、苏木6-15g、自然铜3-9g、元胡5-15g、骨碎补5-15g、泽兰5-15g、冰片3-6g。
进一步优选方案为,所述中药包括以下组分:黄芪30g、丹参15g、制首乌9g、黄连6g、鬼针草15g、杠板归15g、禹州漏芦6g、大黄6g、蛰虫9g、冬凌草30g、莪术6g、七叶莲9g、刘寄奴15g、儿茶3g、伸筋草9g、苏木9g、自然铜6g、元胡6g、骨碎补9g、泽兰6g、冰片3g。
中医外治法源远流长,《理渝骄文》曰:“外治之理即内治之理,外治之药亦即内治之药,所以异者源耳,医理药性无二,而法则神奇变幻”。中药穴位敷贴作为中医传统治法之一,在我国有广泛的应用,和内服药物相比,具有毒副作用小、起效快等优点,尤其对于严格限制液体入量的维持性血液透析患者而言,其更具独特优势,不经过肝脏的“首过效应”和胃肠道的破坏,降低药物毒性和副作用,维持稳定、持久的血药浓度,减少给药次数。根据中医经络理论提出的穴位贴敷疗法具有经络穴位的效应以及药物的经皮吸收双重治疗特性,药物刺激穴位,在局部产生药物浓度的相对优势,并可激发经气,通过微小血管的吸收输送,补充血容量,提高动静脉内瘘血流量,减少皮下血肿、栓塞的发生,促进动静脉内瘘成熟,养护动静脉内瘘,提高其使用寿命。
组方原则:补气生血,清热解毒,活血化瘀。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步的详细介绍,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此,本领域技术人员以非创造性劳动改变其技术方案的,仍应属于本发明的保护范围。
黄芪、丹参、制首乌补血生血活血为君药,其作用主要是两个方面:1.补气生血纠正血液透析患者常见肾性贫血,2.活血祛瘀,消除动静脉内瘘患者常出现内瘘闭塞、栓塞;黄连、鬼针草、杠板归、禹州漏芦清热解毒消肿;大黄、蛰虫、冬凌草、莪术、七叶莲、刘寄奴、儿茶、伸筋草、苏木、自然铜、元胡、骨碎补、泽兰13味药功专行气活血,消肿化瘀止痛,治疗动静脉内瘘患者常出现血肿,栓塞等症状,减少影响维持性血液透析患者内瘘使用寿命的主要因素,清热解毒及活血化瘀类药物本身具有抗炎杀菌作用,有效辅助抑制感染。冰片为引解毒消肿,芳香走散,助药力,与诸多活血类药物通用,加强消肿止痛,杀菌等作用。骨碎补、制首乌又兼补肾作用,在消除患者主要病因基础上,兼顾了血液透析患者肾虚的本证。全方合用,共奏补气生血,清热解毒,活血化瘀,通络消肿止痛,兼顾补肾的特点,起到了养护维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘,延长其使用寿命的特点。
实施例1.庄某,女,68岁,维持性血液透析3年,一周三次,平素血流量维持在180-200ml/min,透析后易出现皮下血肿情况,多普勒彩超示中、小血栓存在。
治疗加用中药穴位贴敷,处方如下:黄芪45g、丹参18g、制首乌9g、黄连6g、鬼针草15g、杠板归15g、禹州漏芦4.5g、大黄3g、蛰虫6g、冬凌草30g、莪术6g、七叶莲9g、刘寄奴10g、儿茶3g、伸筋草9g、苏木6g、自然铜3g、元胡6g、骨碎补5g、泽兰6g、冰片3g。
治疗一个疗程后(两周),透析血流量维持在200-240ml/min,血管多普勒彩超示中、小血栓消失,偶有小血栓存在,透析后无皮下血肿,偶有皮下血肿贴敷后24小时内消退,不影响透析质量,至今规律中药贴敷一年余,血流量维持在240ml/min,未出现血流量下降及血栓、感染等不良情况。
实施例2.李某,男,43岁,发现血肌酐升高一周,肌酐达1150μmol/L,双肾变小,电解质紊乱,肌酐清除率显示其已进入慢性肾脏病5期(尿毒症期),拟行右上肢动静脉内瘘成形术,于术前给予其中药穴位贴敷,手术顺利,术后出现皮下血肿,术后2天给予中药穴位贴敷,
处方如下:黄芪40g、丹参10g、制首乌6g、黄连6g、鬼针草15g、杠板归15g、禹州漏芦6g、大黄9g、蛰虫6g、冬凌草30g、莪术9g、七叶莲9g、刘寄奴9g、儿茶3g、伸筋草5g、苏木6g、自然铜3g、元胡5g、骨碎补15g、泽兰6g、冰片3g。
12小时后血肿消退,血管多普勒彩超示血流量良好,内瘘处听诊无异常,25天后初次使用内瘘顺利,血流量220-240ml/min。中药贴敷减少了其皮下血肿发生的时间,提高了内瘘成熟速度,减少了其不良后果的发生率。
实施例3.邢某,男,71岁,维持性血液透析5年,平素透析后易出现皮下血肿,血管多普勒示血栓存在,易中断透析进程,血流量160-200ml/min,曾多次因血栓存在行血栓清除术。遂治疗给予中药穴位贴敷,
处方如下:黄芪45g、丹参18g、制首乌9g、黄连6g、鬼针草15g、杠板归15g、禹州漏芦5g、大黄6g、蛰虫6g、冬凌草30g、莪术6g、七叶莲9g、刘寄奴10g、儿茶3g、伸筋草9g、苏木6g、自然铜3g、元胡6g、骨碎补15g、泽兰9g、冰片3g。
治疗一个半疗程后(3周),皮下血肿、血栓出现频率降低,皮下血肿、血栓变小,血流量升高至190-210ml/min,至今坚持治疗1年余,无大、中血栓、皮下血肿发生,偶有小血栓、皮下血肿,不影响透析质量,血流量维持在200-240ml/min。
上述药物共为细末,加酒调合成膏状或者糊状,使用穴位贴,同时贴附在双侧肾俞穴及动静脉内瘘上侧脉络循行处(远离动静脉内瘘口,以免感染),标本兼顾同治。每次贴敷时间2-6小时,一周三次,两周为一个疗程。
禁忌症:
(1)动静脉内瘘急性感染期或患者高热等;
(2)各种出血症,凝血功能障碍者;
(3)对中药、敷贴皮肤过敏者及有其他不良反应的患者。

Claims (2)

1.一种养护血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的中药,其特征在于,所述中药包括以下组分:黄芪15-45g、丹参10-20g、制首乌6-15g、黄连6-9g、鬼针草15-30g、杠板归15-30g、禹州漏芦4.5-9g、大黄3-10g、蛰虫6-15g、冬凌草30-60g、莪术6-9g、七叶莲9-15g、刘寄奴10-20g、儿茶3-5g、伸筋草5-15g、苏木6-15g、自然铜3-9g、元胡5-15g、骨碎补5-15g、泽兰5-15g、冰片3-6g。
2.如权利要求1所述的养护血液透析患者动静脉内瘘的中药,其特征在于所述中药包括以下组分:黄芪30g、丹参15g、制首乌9g、黄连6g、鬼针草15g、杠板归15g、禹州漏芦6g、大黄6g、蛰虫9g、冬凌草30g、莪术6g、七叶莲9g、刘寄奴15g、儿茶3g、伸筋草9g、苏木9g、自然铜6g、元胡6g、骨碎补9g、泽兰6g、冰片3g。
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