CN108267933A - 辐射敏感组合物以及图案化和金属化方法 - Google Patents
辐射敏感组合物以及图案化和金属化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108267933A CN108267933A CN201810000803.5A CN201810000803A CN108267933A CN 108267933 A CN108267933 A CN 108267933A CN 201810000803 A CN201810000803 A CN 201810000803A CN 108267933 A CN108267933 A CN 108267933A
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- resin
- quencher
- moles
- film
- radiosensitive
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1603—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas
- C23C18/1607—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas by direct patterning
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Abstract
一种图案化方法,包含:(i)在衬底上形成辐射敏感膜,其中所述辐射敏感膜包含:(a)树脂、(b)光酸产生剂、(c)第一猝灭剂和(d)第二猝灭剂;(ii)使所述辐射敏感膜图案式地曝光于活化辐射;和(iii)使所述辐射敏感膜与碱性显影液接触以形成抗蚀剂图案;其中所述树脂包含以下重复单元:其中:R1选自氢原子、具有1到4个碳原子的烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z为提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基;n为40到90摩尔%;m为10到60摩尔%;并且按所述树脂的所有重复单元计,所述树脂中所述两个重复单元的总组合含量为80摩尔%或更大;并且所述第一猝灭剂选自苯并三唑或其衍生物。
Description
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及图案化和金属化方法以及适用于这类方法的辐射敏感组合物。更确切地说,所述方法和组合物适用于在衬底上沉积金属,例如,以用于在金属层上形成微金属凸块。本发明尤其适用于半导体制造业,例如,适用于半导体装置和MEM制造,并且适用于封装应用,如适用于形成金属凸块以用于微处理器或存储器装置的叠层封装、叠层芯片或倒装芯片接合。
背景技术
移动、物联网(IoT)和可穿戴电子产品需要越来越小、越来越轻和越来越薄的装置。用于这些装置的微处理器和存储器也有类似需求。这些电子装置的制造和封装在尺寸减小的要求中起重要作用。举例来说,倒装芯片封装方法已用于增加各装置之间的输入/输出(I/O)连接的密度,尤其对于MPU和DRAM半导体芯片来说如此。
作为芯片到芯片连接的方法,相比于焊接凸块,已研究金属柱凸块,如铜柱凸块,以利用有益的连接耐性、高密度连接、金属迁移耐性和热耗散特性。已使用电镀作为铜柱凸块阵列的制造方法。将干膜抗蚀剂(Dry Film Resist,DFR)粘附于溅镀铜薄膜表面上,并且通过光刻制备具有接触孔阵列的掩模图案。随后通过电镀在铜表面上的接触孔图案中形成柱。去除光致抗蚀剂,并且通过蚀刻去除先前由抗蚀剂覆盖的薄溅镀铜层。i线(365nm)或宽频带光刻通常用于使镀覆的掩模图案成像。
制备镀覆的掩模图案的另一方法为使用厚光致抗蚀剂层以响应较厚和较窄柱尺寸的要求,以进一步增加I/O密度。化学增幅型光致抗蚀剂可为达成更高分辨率图案所需的更快敏感度和改良的透明度的合适选择。这类抗蚀剂组合物通常包括具有酸不稳定基团、光酸产生剂(PAG)和溶剂的聚合物。然而,当化学增幅型抗蚀剂在如铜层的金属层上形成时,已观测到底脚轮廓问题。本发明人相信这类底脚轮廓问题是光酸存在于金属表面与抗蚀剂之间的界面的结果。
包含苯并三唑(BTA)、抗蚀剂苯并咪唑和三唑以防止底脚问题的抗蚀剂组合物为已知的(参见JP2004198944A、WO2006059392A和JP2001249451A)。然而,仍需要可在金属层上提供微掩模图案的新型方法和抗蚀剂组合物。
发明内容
根据本发明的第一方面,提供图案化方法。所述方法包含:(i)在衬底上形成辐射敏感膜,其中辐射敏感膜包含:(a)树脂、(b)光酸产生剂、(c)第一猝灭剂和(d)第二猝灭剂;(ii)使辐射敏感膜图案式地曝光于活化辐射;和(iii)使辐射敏感膜与碱性显影液接触以形成抗蚀剂图案;其中树脂包含以下重复单元:
其中:R1选自氢原子、具有1到4个碳原子的烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z为提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基;n为40到90摩尔%;m为10到60摩尔%;并且按树脂的所有重复单元计,树脂中两个重复单元的总组合含量为80摩尔%或更大;并且第一猝灭剂选自苯并三唑或其衍生物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供在金属层上沉积金属的方法。所述方法所述包含以下步骤:(i)在金属层上形成辐射敏感膜,其中膜包含:(a)树脂、(b)光酸产生剂、(c)第一猝灭剂和(d)第二猝灭剂;(ii)使辐射敏感膜图案式地曝光于活化辐射;和(iii)使辐射敏感膜与碱性显影液接触以去除辐射敏感膜的曝光部分;以及(iv)将金属层浸没于金属镀覆液中并且在辐射敏感膜的曝光部分中的金属层上沉积金属;其中树脂包含以下两个重复单元:
其中:R1选自氢原子、具有1到4个碳原子的烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z为提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基;n为40到90摩尔%;m为10到60摩尔%;并且按树脂的所有重复单元计,树脂中两个重复单元的总组合含量为80摩尔%或更大;并且第一猝灭剂选自苯并三唑或其衍生物。
根据本发明的另一方面,提供辐射敏感组合物。组合物包含:(a)树脂;(b)两种或更多种光酸产生剂;(c)第一猝灭剂;(d)第二猝灭剂;以及(e)溶剂;其中树脂包含以下两个重复单元:
其中:R1选自氢原子、具有1到4个碳原子的烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z为提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基;n为40到90摩尔%;m为10到60摩尔%;并且按树脂的所有重复单元计,树脂中两个重复单元的总组合含量为80摩尔%或更大;其中光酸产生剂选自:N-羟基萘酰亚胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺樟脑-10-磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺2-三氟甲基苯磺酸酯、N-羟基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二甲酰亚胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-(三氟甲基磺酰氧基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺全氟丁烷磺酸酯;其中第一猝灭剂选自:苯并三唑或其衍生物;其中第二猝灭剂选自N,N-二乙基十二酰胺、2,8-二甲基-6H,12H-5,11-甲醇二苯并[b,f][1,5]二氮芳辛、4-羟基哌啶-1-甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯和N-烯丙基已内酰胺;并且
其中组合物的固体含量为10到60重量%。
附图说明
图1-8和10-26为来自实例的接触孔抗蚀剂图案的横截面SEM图像;
图9为来自实例的晶片的光图像;并且
图27为来自实例的抗蚀剂去除后柱阵列的SEM图像。
具体实施方式
本发明使用辐射敏感膜,其包含:(a)树脂、(b)光酸产生剂、(c)第一猝灭剂和(d)第二猝灭剂。辐射敏感膜由包含以下的组合物形成:(a)树脂、(b)光酸产生剂、(c)第一猝灭剂、(d)第二猝灭剂和(e)溶剂。
(a)树脂
组合物的树脂包含以下两个单元:
在化学式中,R1选自氢原子、甲基、氰基(-CN)或三氟甲基(-CF3)。优选地,R1选自氢原子或甲基。Z为提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基。提供酸不稳定部分的这类非氢取代基的实例包括但不限于叔丁基、乙基环戊基、乙基环己基、2-甲基金刚烷基、2-乙基金刚烷基和2-异丙基-2-金刚烷基。n为40到90摩尔%;m为10到60摩尔%;并且按树脂的所有重复单元计,树脂中两个重复单元的总组合含量为80摩尔%或更大。
树脂包含至少两种不同单元类型:(i)羟基苯乙烯单元,和(ii)具有提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基的丙烯酸酯单元。树脂可由包含羟基苯乙烯和具有提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基的丙烯酸酯的单体混合物合成。具有提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基的丙烯酸酯的实例包括但不限于以下:
其中R1如上文所定义。
按所述树脂的总重复单元计,树脂中两个单元的总量为80摩尔%或更大,优选为85摩尔%或更大,并且进一步更优选为90摩尔%或更大。最优选树脂由以下组成:4-羟基苯乙烯重复单元和具有提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基的丙烯酸酯重复单元。由于多羟基苯乙烯的碱性溶解速率较高,相比于通常所用的甲酚-酚醛清漆树脂,4-羟基苯乙烯单元促使树脂在碱性溶液中的溶解度提高。提供丙烯酸酯的酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基通过酸催化的脱保护去除,从而产生羧基功能单元,其提供树脂在碱性溶液中提高的溶解度,进而使图案显影。
树脂除了羟基苯乙烯单元和具有提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基的丙烯酸酯单元以外,还可包含第三个单元。提供第三个单元的单体(即,第三单体)可包括于单体混合物中。这类第三单体的实例包括但不限于:苯乙烯、(甲基)丙烯酸分支链或正链烷酯,如丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯或丙烯酸异丁酯;丙烯酸分支链或正链羟基烷酯,如丙烯酸2-羟乙酯、丙烯酸3-羟丙酯或丙烯酸2-羟丙酯;和烷基醚丙烯酸酯,如甲氧基丙烯酸乙酯或乙氧基丙烯酸乙酯。此外,一种或多种如上文所描述的其它树脂和/或不同树脂可用于本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物。
如使用苯乙烯聚合物标准物的GPC所测量,树脂的重均分子量(Mw)为8,000到50,000道尔顿,优选为10,000到30,000道尔顿。
按组合物的总固体计,组合物中聚合物的含量通常为70到99重量%,优选为80到98重量%。按总组合物计,组合物中聚合物的含量通常为10到60重量%,优选为30到50重量%。
(b)光酸产生剂(PAG)
本发明的光致抗蚀剂组合物包括一种或多种光酸产生剂(PAG)。PAG在例如200到500nm、通常365nm(i线)波长的曝光波长下应吸收能量。
光酸产生剂优选选自磺酰亚胺型PAG。磺酰亚胺型PAG意味着在分子中具有磺酰亚胺结构的PAG。优选地,使用多种磺酰亚胺型PAG,并且通常为两种。这类磺酰亚胺型PAG的实例包括但不限于N-羟基萘酰亚胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺樟脑-10-磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺2-三氟甲基苯磺酸酯、N-羟基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二甲酰亚胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-(三氟甲基磺酰氧基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺全氟丁烷磺酸酯。N-羟基萘酰亚胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯和N-羟基萘酰亚胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯尤其较佳。
本发明人已发现含腈的肟型光酸产生剂可能并不适用于本发明的某些方面。举例来说,本发明人已发现含腈的肟型光酸产生剂可在旋涂和预烘烤过程之后引起铜表面上的爆裂问题,而当在如硅表面上的其它衬底类型上涂布组合物时这类问题可能不存在。因此,本发明的组合物任选地可无含腈的PAG。
按树脂(a)的重量计,辐射敏感膜中PAG的量优选为0.01到10重量%,更优选为0.2到2.0重量%。
(c)第一猝灭剂
第一猝灭剂可有效地减少金属层上接触孔图案底部处的底脚轮廓问题。当辐射敏感(光致抗蚀剂)膜在如铜或铜合金层的金属层上形成时,膜的光敏性在其具有金属层的界面的区域中可降低据相信,光敏性的这一减少由在电化学反应中消耗通过在抗蚀剂膜/金属层界面处形成的金属离子产生的光酸而造成(参见Griffin等人,用于金属钝化动力学的简单相变模型(A Simple Phase Transition Model for Metal Passivation Kinetics),《电化学学会志(J.Electrochem.Soc.)》,第131卷,第1期,第18-21页)。此被认为会引起界面处光酸的低浓度。其结果是,树脂的丙烯酸酯单元上酸不稳定部分的酸催化的断裂在抗蚀剂/铜界面将为较不有效的,并且底脚会产生。认为第一猝灭剂可有效地抑制金属离子在抗蚀剂膜/金属层界面处形成。
第一猝灭剂选自苯并三唑或其衍生物。苯并三唑衍生物的实例包括但不限于:1H-苯并三唑-1-甲醇、1-氨基苯并三唑、1-(甲酰胺基甲基)-1H-苯并三唑、1-(甲氧基甲基)-1H-苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2-羟基-5-叔-辛基苯基)苯并三唑、5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑、5,6-甲基-1H-苯并三唑和5,6-二甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑水合物。优选地,苯并三唑、1H-苯并三唑-1-甲醇、5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑或5,6-二甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑水合物可用于本发明。本发明人已发现苯并三唑或其衍生物可防止如铜离子的金属离子形成而不使辐射敏感膜的敏感度降低。
按树脂(a)的重量计,辐射敏感膜中第一猝灭剂的量优选为0.001到1.0重量%,更优选为0.005到0.2重量%,并且最优选为0.01到0.1重量%。
(d)第二猝灭剂
认为第二猝灭剂在辐射敏感膜的中间或上表面区域中用作酸扩散控制物,以补偿苯并三唑类似物的相对较高挥发性。当形成辐射敏感膜而不使用第二猝灭剂时,接触孔侧壁可具有锥形轮廓。笔直的并且垂直的侧壁对金属柱凸块形成非常有利。除正链和分支链叔烷基胺外,第二猝灭剂选自胺化合物。如三乙基胺、三辛基胺、三乙醇胺或三异丙醇胺的叔烷基胺在抗蚀剂存储期间可与磺酰亚胺型PAG相互作用。这类PAG-猝灭剂相互作用可随时间降低抗蚀剂显影对比和敏感度。
第二猝灭剂的实例包括但不限于:N,N-二乙基十二酰胺、2,8-二甲基-6H,12H-5,11-甲醇二苯并[b,f][1,5]二氮芳辛(特罗格尔氏碱(Troger's Base))、4-羟基哌啶-1-甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯和N-烯丙基已内酰胺。
按树脂(a)的重量计,辐射敏感膜中第二猝灭剂的量优选为0.001到1.0重量%,更优选为0.01到0.5重量%或0.02到0.2重量%。
(e)溶剂
组合物包含至少一种溶剂。溶剂的实例包括但不限于:丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯(PGMEA)、丙二醇1-甲醚(PGME)、乳酸乙酯(EL)、2-羟基异丁酸甲酯(HBM)、γ-丁内酯(GBL)、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、2-庚酮、2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮和苯甲醚,优选为PGMEA、3-甲氧基丙酸甲酯、2-庚酮、2,6-二甲基-4-庚酮、苯甲醚和其组合。按总组合物计,组合物中溶剂的含量通常为40到90重量%,优选为50到70重量%。
(f)任选组分
辐射敏感的组合物可包含其它任选成分,如一种或多种表面流平剂(SLA)、助粘剂和/或塑化剂。如果使用,那么按组合物的总固体计,SLA优选以0.001到0.1重量%的量存在,并且按组合物的总固体计,助粘剂和/或塑化剂各自以0.1到10重量%的量存在。
现将描述利用辐射敏感组合物的根据本发明的方法。根据本发明的图案化方法,辐射敏感膜如本文中所描述由辐射敏感的组合物在衬底上形成。组合物可以通过旋涂、浸渍、辊涂或其它常规的涂布技术而施用于衬底上。在这些技术中,旋涂是典型的。对于旋涂,涂布溶液的固体含量可以基于所使用的特定涂布设备、溶液的粘度、涂布工具的速度和允许旋转的时间量进行调节以提供所需膜厚度。
辐射敏感膜可以随后经软烘烤以使膜中的溶剂含量降到最低,进而形成无粘性涂层并且改善层与衬底的粘着。软烘烤可以在加热板上或烘箱中进行,其中加热板为典型的。
辐射敏感膜随后经由光掩模图案式地曝光于活化辐射以在曝光区域与未曝光区域之间产生溶解度差异。本文中对使辐射敏感膜曝光于对膜活化的辐射的提及表明辐射能够在膜中形成潜像。光掩模具有对应于抗蚀剂层的区域的光学透明区域和光学不透明区域以通过活化辐射分别曝光和未曝光。曝光波长通常为亚500nm,如200到500nm或可见光。优选地,曝光在辐射为365nm波长(i线)的情况下进行。
在辐射敏感膜曝光之后,通常进行曝光后烘烤(PEB)以从膜中去除溶剂。PEB可以例如在加热板上或烘箱中进行。进而形成由极性切换区与非切换区域(分别对应于曝光区域与未曝光区域)之间的边界界定的潜像。
辐射敏感膜随后与碱性显影液接触以去除膜的曝光部分,留下形成抗蚀剂图案的未曝光区域。显影剂通常为水性碱性显影剂,例如氢氧化季铵溶液,例如氢氧化四烷基铵溶液,如0.26当量浓度(N)(2.38重量%)氢氧化四甲基铵(TMAH)。
本发明的另一个方面为在金属层上沉积金属的方法。所述方法包括:(i)在金属层上形成辐射敏感膜;(ii)使辐射敏感膜图案式地曝光于活化辐射;和(iii)使辐射敏感膜与碱性显影液接触以去除辐射敏感膜的曝光部分;以及(iv)将金属层浸没于金属镀覆液中并且在辐射敏感膜的曝光部分中的金属层上沉积金属。在步骤(ii)与(iii)之间通常进行曝光后烘烤步骤。金属层通常在衬底上形成。
金属层可由例如铜、银、铝、金或其合金制成。金属层在本文中也可被称作第一金属层。当金属层在衬底上形成时,金属层可以使用已知方法例如通过化学气相沉积(CVD)或物理气相沉积(PVD)技术来形成,其中溅镀和镀覆是典型的。金属层的厚度通常为10nm到1000nm。衬底的实例包括但不限于硅晶片、玻璃衬底和塑料衬底,这类衬底任选地包括形成于其上的一个或多个层或特征。
辐射敏感膜由如本文中所描述的组合物形成,其包含:(a)树脂(b)光酸产生剂,(c)第一猝灭剂,(d)第二猝灭剂和(e)溶剂。组合物通过如旋涂、辊涂或丝网印刷的已知方法施用于金属层上。为形成厚辐射敏感膜,通常需要高固体含量和/或高粘度的组合物。按总组合物计,组合物的固体含量通常为10到60重量%,优选为30到50重量%。通过使用这类组合物,可形成例如20微米或更高、优选20到120微米的厚层。
在施用组合物之后,可进行软烘烤以使层中的溶剂含量降到最低并且改善层与衬底的粘着。辐射敏感膜随后通过具有预定图案的掩模使用如波长为200到500纳米(nm)的紫外光或可见光的辐射曝光。优选地,曝光在辐射为365nm波长(i线)的情况下进行。
使辐射敏感膜与碱性显影液接触以使辐射敏感膜的曝光部分显影。碱性显影液的实例包括但不限于氢氧化四甲基铵、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾的水溶液。曝光部分可形成图案,如孔(例如,触点、通孔或凸块图案)或沟槽(例如,线空间)图案。这类图案优选地具有高纵横比。如本文所用,纵横比(AR)被定义为AR=h/d,其中h为光致抗蚀剂高度(即,厚度),并且d为图案中的间距,例如,(例如沟槽图案的)相邻线之间的空间的(例如触点、通孔或凸块图案的)孔直径或长度。孔直径通常可为5到200微米,优选为10到50微米。纵横比通常为0.1或更大、0.5或更大、0.1到10.0或0.5到7.0。
可随后将衬底浸没于金属镀覆液中以将金属镀覆到辐射敏感膜已显影掉的那些区域中已曝光的第一金属层上。辐射敏感膜的显影区域充当金属镀覆的模具。可例如通过无电镀覆或电镀来镀覆金属。所属领域中已知的不同类型的金属镀覆液可用于本发明。也可形成金属的两个或更多个不同的层,并且所述层可有相同或不同的金属。优选的镀覆金属包括但不限于铜、镍、锡、银、金以及其混合物和合金。用于形成这类金属的合适金属镀覆液为所属领域中已知的,并且可购自陶氏电子材料。镀覆金属层的厚度通常为10到100微米,优选为20到50微米。镀覆金属层厚度可低于或超过光致抗蚀剂层的厚度。
金属镀覆后可从衬底中去除(剥离)其余辐射敏感膜。合适的光致抗蚀剂剥离剂为商业上可获得的,例如,Shipley BPRTM光剥离剂(陶氏电子材料)。
可例如通过回蚀方法去除镀覆金属结构之间的曝光的第一金属层,以电隔离各镀覆金属结构。所获得的金属结构可具有例如柱状,其可适用于金属凸块以在两种组分之间提供电连接。有利的是,具有小直径和笔直(垂直)侧壁的金属柱可由本发明的组合物和方法形成。这类结构用于例如小、轻和薄装置中的电连接。柱的宽度(直径)可例如为5到200微米,优选为10到50微米。柱的高度将视例如辐射敏感树脂的厚度而定,但可形成20微米或更高的柱高度。
实例
以下非限制性实例说明本发明。在以下表格中,以下术语具有指定含义:pbw=重量份;PAG=光酸产生剂;SLA=表面流平剂;Eth=块体敏感度(观测到膜厚度损失时的最低曝光剂量);Mw=重均分子量(使用苯乙烯聚合物标准物的GPC);“PF-656”=PolyFoxTMPF-656(OMNOVA Solutions Inc.);PGMEA=丙二醇甲醚乙酸酯;GBL=γ-丁内酯;CH=接触孔;SB=软烘烤;观测到的能量=观测到的图案轮廓的曝光能量;和顶端直径=在接触孔顶端处测量的接触孔直径。
(A)光酸产生剂的比较:
实例1到4
为选择合适的光酸产生剂,进行以下测试。使用示于表1中的组分和量来制备光敏组合物。使用三种光酸产生剂,即Irgacure PAG 103(2-(丙基磺酰氧基亚氨基)-2,3-二氢噻吩-3-亚基)-(邻甲苯基)乙腈(BASF)、NIT(N-羟基萘酰亚胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯(Heraeus)和NIN(N-羟基萘酰亚胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯(Heraeus)。将组合物旋涂到先前溅镀涂布有铜层的硅晶片上。调节旋转速度以在软烘烤过程之后得到50微米的膜。在135℃下将晶片软烘烤6分钟以得到抗蚀剂膜。随后使用具有多色调光掩模的宽频带近接式曝光工具(MA-1200,Japan Science Engineering Co.,Ltd.)来使抗蚀剂膜曝光。在曝光过程之后,使晶片在90℃下烘烤3分钟,随后在MF CD-26 TMAH显影剂(陶氏电子材料)中使用一(1)分钟胶泥顺序连续显影四次。使用横截面SEM图像评估抗蚀剂轮廓。
表1
实例中所用的其它成分的化学结构如下:
使用Irgacure PAG 103的样品产生锥形轮廓(参见图1-6),而使用NIN和NIT的那些样品呈现矩形形状(参见图7-8)。软烘烤后实例1在铜表面上引起严重的爆裂问题(参见图9),而在硅表面上未发现这类问题。在实例4中,铜和硅表面上都没有爆裂问题。
(B)唑类化合物(第一猝灭剂)的比较:
实例5到7
进行以下测试以研究唑类化合物作为第一猝灭剂的适用性。使用示于表2中的组分和量来制备光敏组合物。比较三种类型的唑类化合物(苯并三唑、乙烯基咪唑和苯并咪唑)。针对与除唑类化合物外相同的配制物类似的敏感度,调节唑类化合物的量。使组合物混合并且旋涂到硅晶片和涂布有铜的硅晶片上,并且以与实例1中所描述相同的方式处理。使用横截面SEM图像评估所得结构。
表2
铜表面上实例5的块体敏感度(Eth)比硅上的Eth更快。与硅相比,实例6和7导致铜表面上的Eth更慢。另外,来自实例5的示于图10中的轮廓与图11(实例6)和12(实例7)的轮廓相比得到改善。认为这些结果表明苯并三唑防止光酸在铜表面上消耗。
(C)第二猝灭剂的作用:
实例8到10
使用示于表3中的组分和量来制备光敏组合物。使组合物混合并且旋涂到硅晶片和涂布有铜的硅晶片上,并且以与实例1中所描述相同的方式处理。使用横截面SEM图像评估所得结构。
表3
与硅上的Eth相比,含有苯并三唑的实例5和8呈现相同或略快的铜上的Eth。认为这些结果表明苯并三唑防止光酸在铜表面上消耗。实例8(图13)中形成的图案展示无底脚但产生封盖轮廓(在接触孔顶端处外伸)。比较起来,实例9(图14)的光敏组合物产生笔直侧壁角而无底脚或封盖轮廓。认为此结果表明可通过加入第二猝灭剂避免封盖轮廓。
(D)不同装载量的第1和第2猝灭剂的实例:
实例11到14
使用示于表4中的组分和量来制备光敏组合物。实例11-14含有相同量的苯并三唑(第一猝灭剂),而第二猝灭剂(特罗格尔氏碱)的量变化。使用横截面SEM图像评估所得结构。通过光学显微镜(Lasertec H300M)影像测量图案尺寸(接触孔图案的直径)。
表4
对于任何样品,硅和铜表面的块体敏感度(Eth)没有差别。随着第二猝灭剂量减少,发现敏感度提高。所得图案尺寸在各样品的块体敏感度(Eth)下进行比较。观测到减少第二猝灭剂的量引起Eth下的图案尺寸增大。基于这些结果,据相信,可通过调节第二猝灭剂的含量控制图案尺寸,并且曝光宽容度随着第二猝灭剂量的增加而得到改良。
(E)苯并三唑(第1猝灭剂)衍生物的实例:
实例15到17
使用示于表5中的组分和量来制备光敏组合物。使用三种苯并三唑衍生物,即,1H-苯并三唑-1-甲醇、5-甲基-1H-苯并三唑和5,6-二甲基-1,2,3-苯并三唑水合物。使组合物混合并且旋涂到硅晶片和涂布有铜的硅晶片上,并且以与实例1中所描述相同的方式处理。使用横截面SEM图像评估所得结构。通过光学显微镜(Lasertec H300M)影像测量图案尺寸(接触孔图案的直径)。
表5
资料表明,测试的苯并三唑衍生物适合用于本发明的组合物和方法。
(F)不同树脂的实例:
实例18到21
使用示于表6中的组分和量来制备光敏组合物。聚乙二醇单甲醚(Mw=400)用作塑化剂。使组合物混合并且旋涂到硅晶片和涂布有铜的硅晶片上,并且以与实例1中所描述相同的方式处理。
表6
(G)铜柱形成:
实例22
将实例9的组合物旋涂到先前溅镀涂布有铜层的硅晶片上。调节旋转速度以在软烘烤过程之后得到50微米的膜。在135℃下将晶片软烘烤6分钟以得到抗蚀剂膜。使用具有25微米直径/75微米间距接触孔阵列图案的光掩模的宽频带近接式曝光工具(MA-200CC,Karl Suss)来使抗蚀剂膜曝光。随后在90℃下将晶片烘烤3分钟,随后在MFTMCD-26 TMAH显影剂(陶氏电子材料)中使用一(1)分钟胶泥顺序连续四次显影。在抗蚀剂图案制备之后,第一电镀工艺在25℃的浴温下使用INTERVIATM Cu 8540电镀溶液(Rohm and HaasElectronic Materials)进行12.5分钟,以形成直径为25微米、高度为25微米并且间距为75微米的铜柱。第二电镀步骤在50℃的浴温下使用NIKALTM BP RTU电镀溶液(陶氏电子材料)进行3分钟,以形成堆叠在铜柱上的3微米厚的镍层。第三电镀步骤在25℃的浴温下使用SOLDERONTM BP TS 6000电镀溶液(陶氏电子材料)进行4分钟,以形成堆叠在镍/铜柱上的20微米的锡-银层。随后使用Shipley BPRTM光剥离剂(陶氏电子材料)在90℃的浴温下通过浸泡5分钟去除抗蚀剂层。通过SEM观测到柱阵列并且示于图27中。柱呈现光滑并且笔直的侧壁。光致抗蚀剂展示对电镀工艺的良好耐化学性和耐热性而不形成开裂或空隙。在柱与柱之间也观测到干净的表面,表明能够完全去除抗蚀剂。
Claims (14)
1.一种图案化方法,包含:
(i)在衬底上形成辐射敏感膜,其中所述辐射敏感膜包含:(a)树脂、(b)光酸产生剂、(c)第一猝灭剂和(d)第二猝灭剂;
(ii)使所述辐射敏感膜图案式地曝光于活化辐射;和
(iii)使所述辐射敏感膜与碱性显影液接触以形成抗蚀剂图案;
其中所述树脂包含以下重复单元:
其中:R1选自氢原子、具有1到4个碳原子的烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z为提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基;n为40到90摩尔%;m为10到60摩尔%;并且按所述树脂的所有重复单元计,所述树脂中所述两个重复单元的总组合含量为80摩尔%或更大;并且
所述第一猝灭剂选自苯并三唑或其衍生物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述活化辐射的波长为365nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的图案化方法,进一步包含在由所述抗蚀剂图案界定的区域中的衬底上沉积金属。
4.一种在金属层上沉积金属的方法,包含以下步骤:
(i)在金属层上形成辐射敏感膜,其中所述膜包含:(a)树脂、(b)光酸产生剂、(c)第一猝灭剂和(d)第二猝灭剂;
(ii)使所述辐射敏感膜图案式地曝光于活化辐射;和
(iii)使所述辐射敏感膜与碱性显影液接触以去除所述辐射敏感膜的曝光部分;
以及
(iv)在金属电镀液中浸没所述金属层并且在所述辐射敏感膜的所述曝光部分中的金属层上沉积金属;
其中所述树脂包含以下两个重复单元:
其中:R1选自氢原子、具有1到4个碳原子的烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z为提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基;n为40到90摩尔%;m为10到60摩尔%;并且按所述树脂的所有重复单元计,所述树脂中所述两个重复单元的总组合含量为80摩尔%或更大;并且
所述第一猝灭剂选自苯并三唑或其衍生物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述树脂的重均分子量为10,000到30,000道尔顿。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述辐射敏感膜的所述光酸产生剂选自以下中的一种或多种:N-羟基萘酰亚胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺樟脑-10-磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺2-三氟甲基苯磺酸酯、N-羟基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二甲酰亚胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-(三氟甲基磺酰氧基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺全氟丁烷磺酸酯。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述第二猝灭剂选自不为叔烷基胺的胺化合物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中所述第二猝灭剂选自N,N-二乙基十二酰胺、2,8-二甲基-6H,12H-5,11-甲醇二苯并[b,f][1,5]二氮芳辛、4-羟基哌啶-1-甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯和N-烯丙基已内酰胺。
9.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中按所述树脂的重量计,所述第一猝灭剂的量为0.001到1.0重量%。
10.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中按所述树脂的重量计,所述第二猝灭剂的量为0.001到1.0重量%。
11.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述金属沉积呈直径为200微米或更低并且高度为20微米或更高的柱形式。
12.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述金属层包含铜。
13.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述活化辐射的波长为365nm。
14.一种辐射敏感组合物,包含:(a)树脂;(b)两种或更多种光酸产生剂;(c)第一猝灭剂;(d)第二猝灭剂;和(e)溶剂;
其中所述树脂包含以下两个重复单元:
其中:R1选自氢原子、具有1到4个碳原子的烷基、氰基或三氟甲基;Z为提供酸不稳定部分的非氢取代基;n为40到90摩尔%;m为10到60摩尔%;并且按所述树脂的所有重复单元计,所述树脂中所述两个重复单元的总组合含量为80摩尔%或更大;
其中所述光酸产生剂选自N-羟基萘酰亚胺三氟甲烷磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺樟脑-10-磺酸酯、N-羟基萘酰亚胺2-三氟甲基苯磺酸酯、N-羟基-5-降冰片烯-2,3-二甲酰亚胺全氟-1-丁烷磺酸酯、N-(三氟甲基磺酰氧基)邻苯二甲酰亚胺和N-羟基丁二酰亚胺全氟丁烷磺酸酯;
其中所述第一猝灭剂选自苯并三唑或其衍生物;
其中所述第二猝灭剂选自N,N-二乙基十二酰胺、2,8-二甲基-6H,12H-5,11-甲醇二苯并[b,f][1,5]二氮芳辛、4-羟基哌啶-1-甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯和N-烯丙基已内酰胺;并且
其中所述组合物的固体含量为10到60重量%。
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CN108267933B (zh) | 2021-12-03 |
US10962880B2 (en) | 2021-03-30 |
TW201939167A (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
JP2018109767A (ja) | 2018-07-12 |
KR20180079187A (ko) | 2018-07-10 |
JP6564843B2 (ja) | 2019-08-21 |
EP3343293A1 (en) | 2018-07-04 |
TWI716920B (zh) | 2021-01-21 |
US20180188648A1 (en) | 2018-07-05 |
TW201826029A (zh) | 2018-07-16 |
TWI673574B (zh) | 2019-10-01 |
US10527935B2 (en) | 2020-01-07 |
US20200201175A1 (en) | 2020-06-25 |
KR101992661B1 (ko) | 2019-06-25 |
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