CN108251066A - 一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊及其制备方法,该微胶囊以烷烃类相变石蜡为芯材,聚丙烯腈为壳层,通过溶解‑乳化‑高温喷雾方法制得;该相变微胶囊粒径小、潜热高,热稳定性好,能经受高温热定型处理,高的潜热能有效调节温度,可以将该微胶囊用于调温蓄热纺织品或节能建材领域。本发明通过溶解‑喷雾技术以高分子量聚丙烯腈为壁材,包覆烷烃类相变石蜡制得耐高温相变微胶囊,整个过程不用丙烯腈单体,工艺安全简单,无单体污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于一种调温蓄热功能材料的开发及其制备领域,具体涉及一种调温蓄热相变微胶囊及其制备方法。
背景技术
相变微胶囊是当前温度控制功能材料领域研究的热点,它广泛应用于纺织和节能建材行业,具有明显的调温效果。纺织方面调温蓄热纤维是近年来开发的新型功能化纺织品。目前主要以相变微胶囊为添加剂通过后处理或溶液纺丝制备得到蓄热调温纤维。其中相变微胶囊的性能是关键,微胶囊的粒径、潜热和稳定性决定了其应用可行性。目前纺织、建材用相变微胶囊主要以20-40℃范围内的有机相变材料为芯材,如十八烷烃、脂肪醇或脂肪醇与脂肪酸的共熔体,以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚苯乙烯和尿醛树脂等为壁材制得。所用这类相变材料由于多为短链碳水化合物,热稳定性差,大多在100℃左右就开始挥发。以这类相变材料为芯材制得的相变微胶囊一般不耐高温,大多所制得的调温纺织品在高温热定型时,相变材料就会逸出,导致其调温功能消失。因而开发能耐高温的相变微胶囊材料能拓展其在纺织品中的应用,目前通过选择致密性高、耐高温的包覆壁材可以大大改善相变微胶囊的热稳定性。
聚丙烯腈具有良好的阻隔性能及致密性,且成膜性较好,因而以聚丙烯腈作为壁材包覆相变材料,包覆后致密性好,耐腐蚀性强,非常适合用作耐高温相变微胶囊。刘峰等通过悬浮聚合法成功制备了以丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物为囊壁,十四醇为芯材的相变微胶囊,研究了不同单体组成对微胶囊形貌的影响。所得微胶囊粒径在5-13微米之间,共聚单体包覆后芯材的挥发温度显著提高,从96℃提高到128℃。中国专利CN104877642A也提到利用丙烯腈单体通过乳液聚合包覆氯化镁等芯材制得100-200℃的中温相变微胶囊。上述技术都利用单体通过乳液聚合包覆相变材料制得微胶囊,制备过程复杂,成本高,并且由于聚合度低的缘故所得相变微胶囊热稳定性仍然达不到高温热定型处理的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊及其制备方法,通过溶解-喷雾技术以高分子量聚丙烯腈为壁材,包覆烷烃类相变石蜡制得耐高温相变微胶囊,整个过程不用丙烯腈单体,工艺安全简单,所得相变微胶囊热稳定性好,能经受高温热定型处理,高的潜热能有效调节温度,可以将该微胶囊用于调温蓄热纺织品或节能建材领域
为了解决上述技术问题,采用如下技术方案:
一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊,其特征在于:该微胶囊以烷烃类相变石蜡为芯材,聚丙烯腈为壳层。
优选后,所用相变石蜡为烷烃类石蜡,所用壁材为分子量为40000-150000的聚丙烯腈。
优选后,所用的烷烃类石蜡为正十六烷、正十八烷或正二十烷。
优选后,所述壁材聚丙烯腈的分子量为80000-120000。
一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)聚丙烯腈溶解:将100份聚丙烯腈在60-90℃下溶解在1000份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶剂中制成溶液;
(2)溶解-乳化:在60-90℃下将100-150份的相变石蜡加入上述溶液,再加入5-10份乳化剂,然后用高速分散机高速搅拌成均匀的乳液;
(3)高温喷雾:通过高温喷雾装置在90-110℃下将上述乳液喷雾到水蒸汽中,溶剂挥发后得到相变微胶囊,经热水洗涤干燥后得胶囊粉末。
优选后,相变纳米胶囊制备中,芯材、壳材与溶剂的投料质量比为1:(1~1.5)﹕10。
优选后,所用乳化剂为离子型乳化剂。
优选后,离子型乳化剂为十二烷基硫酸钠或十六烷基三甲基氯化铵。
优选后,所述步骤(2)中,搅拌速率为10000~25000r/min,搅拌时间为5-30min。
优选后,所述步骤(2)中,搅拌速率为20000~25000r/min。
由于采用上述技术方案,具有以下有益效果:
本发明为一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊及其制备方法,通过溶解-喷雾技术以高分子量聚丙烯腈为壁材,包覆烷烃类相变石蜡制得耐高温相变微胶囊,整个过程不用丙烯腈单体,工艺安全简单,所得相变微胶囊热稳定性好,能经受高温热定型处理,高的潜热能有效调节温度,可以将该微胶囊用于调温蓄热纺织品或节能建材领域。
本发明所制备的聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊与通过乳液聚合方法制备的相变微胶囊相比,具有热稳定性好、粒径小、无单体污染、工艺简单安全等优点。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明:
图1为本发明实施例1制备的相变纳米胶囊的电子显微镜图;
图2为本发明实施例1制备的相变纳米胶囊的差示扫描量热谱;
图3为本发明实施例3制备的的相变微胶囊热重分析结果图谱;
图4为本发明实施例4制备的相变微胶囊处理后调温蓄热涤纶丝的电子显微镜图;
图5为本发明实施例5制备的的调温蓄热棉织物电子显微镜图;
图6为本发明实施例5制备的的调温蓄热棉织物的差示扫描量热仪测试结果图谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步说明:
实施例1
(1)聚丙烯腈溶解:将100g聚丙烯腈在60℃下溶解在1000g的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中;
(2)芯材溶解:70℃下将150g的石蜡和5g乳化剂加入上述溶液,用高速分散机在15000r/min下高速搅拌20分钟成均匀的乳液;
(3)高温喷雾:通过高温喷雾装置在100℃下将上述混合液喷雾到水蒸汽中,溶剂挥发后得到相变微胶囊,经热水洗涤干燥后可得胶囊粉末。
所得相变胶囊粉末用电子显微镜观察,发现胶囊形貌为光滑的球状,粒径在300nm左右,见附图1;用差示扫描量热仪测量发现,相变胶囊升温熔融温度在30℃左右,降温结晶温度在24℃左右,潜热值为121J/g,见附图2。
实施例2
(1)聚丙烯腈溶解:将200g聚丙烯腈在90℃下溶解在2000g的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中;
(2)芯材溶解:90℃下将200g的石蜡和20g乳化剂加入上述溶液,用高速分散机在20000r/min下高速搅拌10分钟成均匀的溶液;
(3)高温喷雾:通过高温喷雾装置在110℃下将上述混合液喷雾到水蒸汽中,溶剂挥发后得到相变微胶囊,经热水洗涤干燥后可得胶囊粉末。
实施例3
(1)聚丙烯腈溶解:将150g聚丙烯腈在85℃下溶解在1500g的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中;
(2)芯材溶解:85℃下将200g的石蜡和15g乳化剂加入上述溶液,用高速分散机在22000r/min下高速搅拌8分钟成均匀的溶液;
(3)高温喷雾:通过高温喷雾装置在105℃下将上述混合液喷雾到水蒸汽中,溶剂挥发后得到相变微胶囊,经热水洗涤干燥后可得胶囊粉末。
热重分析测试表明,该相变微胶囊具有高的热稳定性,热挥发温度提高到220℃,相变芯材挥发温度范围在220-310℃范围内,见附图3。该相变微胶囊包覆的芯材在220℃前基本不会逸出,保持了良好的调温效果,因而完全满足调温纺织品的热定型要求。
实施例4
本实施例可直接将纳米级相变微胶囊喷雾到涤纶纤维上,直接制得调温蓄热涤纶纤维。
(1)聚丙烯腈溶解:将250g聚丙烯腈在80℃下溶解在2500g的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中;
(2)芯材溶解:80℃下将300g的石蜡和30g乳化剂加入上述溶液,用高速分散机在12000r/min下高速搅拌30分钟成均匀的溶液;
(3)高温喷雾:将一定量涤纶纤维放置在蒸汽箱中,通过高温喷雾装置在100℃下将上述混合液喷雾到纤维上,溶剂挥发后生成的相变微胶囊附着在纤维上,经热水洗涤干燥后可得调温蓄热涤纶纤维。
烘干后的涤纶纤维用电子显微镜观察,见附图4,可看到大量胶囊颗粒黏附在纤维表面,颗粒仍然呈球状,保持完好。
实施例5
本实施例可直接将纳米级相变微胶囊喷雾到织棉物上,直接制得调温蓄热棉织物。
(1)聚丙烯腈溶解:将300g聚丙烯腈在90℃下溶解在3000g的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中;
(2)芯材溶解:90℃下将400g的石蜡和25g乳化剂加入上述溶液,用高速分散机在18000r/min下高速搅拌15分钟成均匀的溶液;
(3)高温喷雾:将一块棉织物放置在蒸汽箱中,通过高温喷雾装置在110℃下将上述混合液喷雾到织物上,溶剂挥发后生成的相变微胶囊附着在棉纤维上,经热水洗涤干燥后可得调温蓄热棉织物。
烘干后的棉织物用电子显微镜观察,见附图5,可看到大量胶囊颗粒黏附在纤维表面。用差示扫描量热仪测量其潜热值,结果显示该调温蓄热棉织物升温熔融温度在26℃左右,降温结晶温度在20℃左右,潜热值在19J/g左右,说明有相当数量的相变微胶囊附着在织物上。
针对目前纺织品需要高温热定型处理,本发明所得相变微胶囊利用高致密性聚丙烯腈为壁材,大大提高了其耐高温性能。将上述实施例5所制得的调温蓄热棉布在170℃高温下热定型处理,然后用差示扫描量热仪测量其潜热值,结果显示该调温蓄热棉织物潜热值18J/g,见附图6,这证明相变微胶囊没有因为高温热定型而损失,热稳定性好。相比文献报道的同类相变微胶囊,热稳定性比较如下表1所示:
表1本发明与文献报道同类相变微胶囊的热稳定性比较
本发明 | 对比文献[1] | 对比文件[2] | |
热挥发起始温度 | 220℃ | 150℃ | 206℃ |
热挥发终止温度 | 310℃ | 213℃ | 300℃ |
[1]袁丽霞,王红梅,倪骁慧,黄殿武.正十八烷相变微胶囊的制备与表征[J].嘉兴学院学报,2015,27(06):98-101
[2]丘晓琳,唐国翌,宋国林,韩鹏举.交联聚甲基丙烯酸月桂酯/正十八烷相变微胶囊的制备与性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2016,44(02):55-57.
由表1可知本发明的相变微胶囊调温范围符合人体体温感受,热稳定性好,能经受高温热定型处理,高的潜热能有效调节温度,适用于调温蓄热纺织品和节能建材的生产。
以上仅为本发明的具体实施例,但本发明的技术特征并不局限于此。任何以本发明为基础,为解决基本相同的技术问题,实现基本相同的技术效果,所作出地简单变化、等同替换或者修饰等,皆涵盖于本发明的保护范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊,其特征在于:该微胶囊以烷烃类相变石蜡为芯材,聚丙烯腈为壳层。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊,其特征在于:所用相变石蜡为烷烃类石蜡,所用壁材为分子量为40000-150000的聚丙烯腈。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊,其特征在于:所用的烷烃类石蜡为正十六烷、正十八烷或正二十烷。
4.根据权利要求2所述一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊,其特征在于:所述壁材聚丙烯腈的分子量为80000-120000。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)聚丙烯腈溶解:将100份聚丙烯腈在60-90℃下溶解在1000份N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶剂中制成溶液;
(2)溶解-乳化:在60-90℃下将100-150份的相变石蜡加入上述溶液,再加入5-10份乳化剂,然后用高速分散机高速搅拌成均匀的乳液;
(3)高温喷雾:通过高温喷雾装置在90-110℃下将上述乳液喷雾到水蒸汽中,溶剂挥发后得到相变微胶囊,经热水洗涤干燥后得胶囊粉末。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:相变纳米胶囊制备中,芯材、壳材与溶剂的投料质量比为1:(1~1.5)﹕10。
7.根据权利要求5所述一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所用乳化剂为离子型乳化剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:离子型乳化剂为十二烷基硫酸钠或十六烷基三甲基氯化铵。
9.根据权利要求5所述一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,搅拌速率为10000~25000r/min,搅拌时间为5-30min。
10.根据权利要求9所述一种聚丙烯腈包覆石蜡纳米相变微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中,搅拌速率为20000~25000r/min。
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