CN113002098A - 一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料 - Google Patents
一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料及其制备方法,复合材料自内而外依次包括人体接触层、过滤层和外界接触层,所述人体接触层为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料,所述高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料包括ES纤维以及负载在ES纤维上的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊,所述高交联蛋白纳米胶囊包括芯材以及包覆在芯材外的蛋白壳材,所述过滤层为PP熔喷非织造材料,所述外界接触层为PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料。与现有技术相比,本发明的复合材料可有效调控穿着人员的穿着温度,缓解热应力,还具有力学性能良好、轻薄灵活、控温效果好、耐液体渗透、阻隔颗粒污染物、抗菌、亲肤、耐酸碱性等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防护材料领域,具体涉及一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
用于防范生物危害如细菌、病毒、真菌等的医用防护服一般主要由高致密的纺熔非织造材料复合而成。这类高致密防护材料在有效阻隔病菌危害的同时,却带来了严重的热应力问题,在热应力作用下人体会出现易疲劳、脱水甚至昏厥的情况,极大地恶化了长时间穿着防护服的医护人员的作业环境。如何缓解医用防护服的热应力作用从而提高医用防护服的舒适性这一问题引起了纺织行业以及相关科研人员的广泛关注。
目前,已有科研人员将相变材料(Phase Change Materials,PCMs)应用于防护服中来解决上述问题。相变材料是指能够随温度变化而改变形态并能提供潜热的物质,主要利用这种物质在发生相变时的潜热来吸收和释放能量,将其应用于非织造材料中并研发出智能调温材料,对于提高防护服的舒适性能具有重要意义。如专利CN208211518U所述的一种具有蓄热调温功能的电焊防护服,通过将相变材料与腈纶纤维混合纺丝制备腈纶基相变纤维,所制备的相变纤维能够根据外界环境温度的变化而发生相变,并从外界吸收热量或向外界释放热量,从而保持穿着者温度相对恒定,因此具有温度调节的功能,其缺点在于使用过程中存在相变材料泄漏的风险。又如专利CN106515097A所述的一种轻薄型高性能隔热防护服面料,其中的隔热层为三层复合结构,内外两层均为无纺布层,中间层为气凝胶与微胶囊相变材料混合层,起到良好的隔热效果,其缺点为材料的导热性差,仅起到隔热效果却达不到智能调温的作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料及其制备方法,复合材料可有效调控穿着人员的穿着温度,缓解热应力,还具有力学性能良好、轻薄灵活、控温效果好、耐液体渗透、阻隔颗粒污染物、抗菌、亲肤、耐酸碱性等特点,制备方法具有工艺简单、产品质量稳定、便于工业化生产等特点。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料,自内而外依次包括人体接触层、过滤层和外界接触层,所述人体接触层为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料,所述高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料包括ES纤维以及负载在ES纤维上的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊,所述高交联蛋白纳米胶囊包括芯材以及包覆在芯材外的蛋白壳材,所述过滤层为PP熔喷非织造材料,所述外界接触层为PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料。ES纤维具有亲水性,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料可以提供控温、抗菌、亲肤功能和强力支撑。PP熔喷非织造材料强力低,但是延展性好,可以提供过滤颗粒污染物功能。PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料可以提供拒液功能和强力支撑。
所述芯材选自正十八烷、正二十烷或正二十四烷中的一种或多种。
所述蛋白壳材选自角蛋白、丝素蛋白、大豆蛋白、高粱蛋白、酒糟蛋白或玉米蛋白中的一种或多种,角蛋白来源于家禽毛羽,丝素蛋白来源于蚕丝,大豆蛋白、高粱蛋白、酒糟蛋白或玉米蛋白来源于农副产品。
所述ES纤维的纤维直径为13.0~19.0μm,优选为16μm,克重为15~18g/m2,优选为18g/m2,所述高交联蛋白纳米胶囊的粒径为200~400nm。
所述PP熔喷非织造材料的纤维直径为1.70~2.20μm,优选为1.82μm,克重为9~20g/m2,优选为14g/m2。
所述PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料的纤维直径为5.0~6.0μm,优选为5.2μm,克重为8.0~9.0g/m2,优选为8g/m2。
一种如上述所述的控温防护非织造复合材料的制备方法,所述制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(a)取蛋白壳材溶解在特定溶液中,再加入由芯材和乳化剂混合形成的乳液中,采用微胶囊制备法,最后得到微胶囊溶液;
(b)取ES纤维放入到步骤(a)得到的微胶囊溶液中,超声震荡,再经洗涤和干燥得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料;
(c)将步骤(b)得到的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料、PP熔喷非织造材料以及PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料进行热粘合,即得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料。
步骤(a)具体为:取蛋白壳材缓慢加入到特定溶液中,室温下以800r/min的转速搅拌30min,待溶解充分后加入由芯材和乳化剂混合形成的水包油(O/W)乳液中。
步骤(a)中,所述微胶囊制备法选自自组装法、喷雾干燥法、相分离法或超临界反溶剂法中的一种或多种。
自组装法具体为:将蛋白壳材、特定溶液、芯材和乳化剂混合成的混合液升温至40℃,保持转速800r/min,用恒流泵以6mL/min的速率滴加200mL去离子水,连续搅拌1.5h;或将蛋白壳材、特定溶液、芯材和乳化剂混合成的混合液升温至40℃,并以650r/min搅拌10min形成o/w乳液之后,将30ml的无水乙醇加入到乳液中,继续搅拌1.5h。
喷雾干燥法具体为:将蛋白壳材、特定溶液、芯材和乳化剂混合成的混合液经高速分散机在12000r/min条件下高速乳化10min,将乳化后的乳状液用喷雾干燥法制成微胶囊,进口温度为100℃,出口温度为40℃,流速为6m L/min。
步骤(a)中,所述特定溶液选自去离子水、不同浓度的乙醇-水混合溶液、丙二醇-水混合溶液、高浓度尿素溶液、pH>11的碱性溶液或阴离子表面活性剂溶液(比如十二烷基磺酸钠溶液)中的一种,优选为体积分数为70%的乙醇-水混合溶液。
步骤(a)中,所述乳化剂选自阿拉伯树胶、十二烷基磺酸钠(简称为SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(简称为SDBS)、聚苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(简称为SMA)、司盘60或吐温80中的一种或多种。
步骤(a)中,蛋白壳材、芯材和乳化剂的质量比为(1~5):(1~10):(0.2~2.5),优选为(1~5):(1~6):(0.25~1.5)。
步骤(b)中,超声震荡的功率为800~1000w,频率为23~25KHz,时间为10~15min。
步骤(b)中,采用去离子水和热乙醇洗涤,以去除多余的乳化剂和芯材,干燥在真空下进行。
步骤(c)中,热粘合过程在超声条件下进行,超声的频率为18~20KHz,粘合过程中形成轧点,轧点与轧点之间的间距为4.50~5.50cm,优选为4.5~5cm,轧点面积为1×1~2×2mm2。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明制备的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊的芯材相变温度适宜(28℃),温度响应性好;壳材来源广泛、价格低廉、可生物降解,制备过程简单,无毒不刺激,能有效防止芯材在相变过程中的泄漏,尤其适用于医疗卫生用非织造材料领域。
(2)相比于静电纺丝和涂层法负载微胶囊,本发明所提供的超声震荡法工艺简单、易于操作、不添加任何有机溶剂或粘合剂,保持材料原有性能,同时赋予材料温度响应性。
(3)最后,采用超声热粘合的方法制备高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料,制备工艺简单、产品质量稳定、便于工业化生产,同时有效降低室内水、电能源的消耗。此外,所制备的非织造材料控温效果好,可有效调控穿着人员的穿着温度,缓解热应力,医护人员在就医工作期间,若穿着由这种材料制成的防护服,体表温度可比穿着传统闷热潮湿的防护服低2-5℃,大大改善医护人员的作业微环境。同时,这种材料还能保持原有的力学性能好、轻薄灵活、耐液体渗透、阻隔颗粒污染物、抗菌、亲肤、耐酸碱性等特点,能够达到防护材料的性能要求,应用市场广泛。
附图说明
图1为控温防护非织造复合材料的截面示意图;
图2为人体接触层的正面图;
图3为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料的SEM图(实施例2制备得到);
图4为过滤层的正面图;
图5为外界接触层的正面图。
图中:1-人体接触层;101-ES纤维;102-高交联蛋白纳米胶囊;2-过滤层;3-外界接触层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料,自内而外依次包括人体接触层、过滤层和外界接触层,人体接触层为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘
非织造材料,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料包括ES纤维以及负载在ES纤维上的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊,ES纤维的纤维直径为13.0~19.0μm,克重为15~18g/m2,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊的粒径为200~400nm,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊包括芯材以及包覆在芯材外的蛋白壳材,过滤层为PP熔喷非织造材料,外界接触层为PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料,芯材选自正十八烷、正二十烷或正二十四烷中的一种或多种,蛋白壳材选自角蛋白、丝素蛋白、大豆蛋白、高粱蛋白、酒糟蛋白或玉米蛋白中的一种或多种,PP熔喷非织造材料的纤维直径为1.70~2.20μm,克重为9~20g/m2,PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料的纤维直径为5.0~6.0μm,克重为8.0~9.0g/m2。
一种如上述所述的控温防护非织造复合材料的制备方法,所述制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(a)取蛋白壳材溶解在特定溶液中,加入由芯材和乳化剂混合形成的乳液中,采用不同的微胶囊制备法,最后得到微胶囊溶液;
(b)取ES纤维放入到步骤(a)得到的微胶囊溶液中,超声震荡,再经洗涤和干燥得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料;
(c)将步骤(b)得到的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料、PP熔喷非织造材料以及PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料进行热粘合,即得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料。
步骤(a)中,微胶囊制备法选自自组装法、喷雾干燥法、相分离法或超临界反溶剂法中的一种或多种。
步骤(a)中,特定溶液选自去离子水、不同浓度的乙醇-水混合溶液、丙二醇-水混合溶液、高浓度尿素溶液、pH>11的碱性溶液或阴离子表面活性剂溶液中的一种,优选为体积分数为70%的乙醇-水混合溶液。
步骤(a)中,乳化剂选自阿拉伯树胶、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、聚苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)、司盘60或吐温80中的一种或多种。
步骤(a)中,蛋白壳材、芯材和乳化剂的质量比为(1~5):(1~10):(0.2~2.5)。
步骤(b)中,超声震荡的功率为800~1000w,频率为23~25KHz,时间为10~15min。
步骤(b)中,ES纤维最后经去离子水和热乙醇洗涤,以去除多余的乳化剂和芯材。
步骤(c)中,热粘合过程在超声条件下进行,超声的频率为18~20KHz,粘合过程中形成轧点,轧点与轧点之间的间距为4.50~5.50cm,轧点面积为1×1~2×2mm2。
实施例1
如图1所示,一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料,自内而外依次包括人体接触层1、过滤层2和外界接触层3,如图2所示,人体接触层为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料包括ES纤维101以及负载在ES纤维101上的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊102,ES纤维的纤维直径为16μm,克重为18g/m2,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊的平均粒径为250nm,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊包括芯材以及包覆在芯材外的蛋白壳材,制备方法为自组装法,芯材为正十八烷烃,蛋白壳材为玉米蛋白,如图4所示,过滤层为PP熔喷非织造材料,PP熔喷非织造材料的纤维直径为1.82μm,克重为14g/m2,如图5所示,外界接触层为PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料,PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料的纤维直径为5.2μm,克重为8g/m2。
采用以下制备方法,步骤如下:
首先将3g玉米醇溶蛋白缓慢加入到100mL体积分数为70%的乙醇-水混合溶液中,室温下800r/min搅拌30min,待溶解充分后加入由3g正十八烷和1.5g吐温80制备的乳化液中,升温至40℃,保持转速800r/min,用恒流泵以6mL/min的速率滴加200mL去离子水,连续搅拌1.5h,使玉米醇溶蛋白在油滴表面沉积,形成微胶囊溶液。然后将ES纤维放入微胶囊溶液中,在频率为23KHz,功率为800w时超声震荡15min。经水洗、热乙醇洗涤各3次、真空干燥后得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料。最后将高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料、PP熔喷非织造材料、PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料在超声频率为20KHz的条件下进行热粘合,粘合过程中形成轧点,轧点与轧点之间的间距为4.5cm,轧点面积为1×1mm2,即可制得本发明所述的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料。
实施例2
一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料,自内而外依次包括人体接触层、过滤层和外界接触层,人体接触层为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料包括ES纤维以及负载在ES纤维上的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊,ES纤维的纤维直径为16μm,克重为18g/m2,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊的平均粒径为400nm,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊包括芯材以及包覆在芯材外的蛋白壳材,制备方法为自组装法,芯材为正十八烷烃,蛋白壳材为玉米蛋白,过滤层为PP熔喷非织造材料,PP熔喷非织造材料的纤维直径为1.82μm,克重为14g/m2,外界接触层为PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料,PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料的纤维直径为5.2μm,克重为8g/m2。
采用以下制备方法,步骤如下:首先将5g玉米醇溶蛋白缓慢加入到100mL体积分数为70%的乙醇-水混合溶液中,室温下800r/min搅拌30min,待溶解充分后加入由3g正十八烷和1g阿拉伯树胶制备的乳化液中,升温至40℃,保持转速800r/min,用恒流泵以6mL/min的速率滴加200mL去离子水,连续搅拌1.5h,使玉米醇溶蛋白在油滴表面沉积,形成微胶囊溶液。然后将ES纤维放入微胶囊溶液中,在频率为25KHz,功率为800w时超声震荡10min。经水洗、热乙醇洗涤各3次、真空干燥后得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料,该材料的SEM图如图3所示,可看到条状物为ES纤维,颗粒状为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊。最后将高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料、PP熔喷非织造材料、PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料在超声频率为18KHz的条件下进行热粘合,粘合过程中形成轧点,轧点与轧点之间的间距为5cm,轧点面积为1×1mm2,即可制得本发明所述的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料。
实施例3
一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料,自内而外依次包括人体接触层、过滤层和外界接触层,人体接触层为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料包括ES纤维以及负载在ES纤维上的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊,ES纤维的纤维直径为16μm,克重为18g/m2,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊的平均粒径为300nm,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊包括芯材以及包覆在芯材外的蛋白壳材,制备方法为自组装法,芯材为正十八烷烃,蛋白壳材为玉米蛋白,过滤层为PP熔喷非织造材料,PP熔喷非织造材料的纤维直径为1.82μm,克重为14g/m2,外界接触层为PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料,PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料的纤维直径为5.2μm,克重为8g/m2。
采用以下制备方法,步骤如下:
首先将3g玉米醇溶蛋白缓慢加入到100mL体积分数为70%的乙醇-水混合溶液中,室温下800r/min搅拌30min,待溶解充分后加入由6g正十八烷和1.2g SDS制备的乳化液中,升温至40℃,保持转速800r/min,用恒流泵以6mL/min的速率滴加200mL去离子水,连续搅拌1.5h,使玉米醇溶蛋白在油滴表面沉积,形成微胶囊溶液。然后将ES纤维放入微胶囊溶液中,在频率为23KHz,功率为800w时超声震荡15min。经水洗、热乙醇洗涤各3次、真空干燥后得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料。最后将高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料、PP熔喷非织造材料、PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料在超声频率为18KHz的条件下进行热粘合,粘合过程中形成轧点,轧点与轧点之间的间距为5cm,轧点面积为1×1mm2,即可制得本发明所述的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料。
实施例4
一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料,自内而外依次包括人体接触层、过滤层和外界接触层,人体接触层为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料包括ES纤维以及负载在ES纤维上的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊,ES纤维的纤维直径为16μm,克重为18g/m2,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊的平均粒径为200nm,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊包括芯材以及包覆在芯材外的蛋白壳材,制备方法为自组装法,芯材为正十八烷烃,蛋白壳材为玉米蛋白,过滤层为PP熔喷非织造材料,PP熔喷非织造材料的纤维直径为1.82μm,克重为14g/m2,外界接触层为PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料,PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料的纤维直径为5.2μm,克重为8g/m2。
采用以下制备方法,步骤如下:首先将1g玉米醇溶蛋白缓慢加入到100mL体积分数为70%的乙醇-水混合溶液中,室温下800r/min搅拌30min,待溶解充分后加入由3g正十八烷和1.2gSDS制备的乳化液中,升温至40℃,保持转速800r/min,用恒流泵以6mL/min的速率滴加200mL去离子水,连续搅拌1.5h,使玉米醇溶蛋白在油滴表面沉积,形成微胶囊溶液。然后将ES纤维放入微胶囊溶液中,在频率为23KHz,功率为800w时超声震荡15min。经水洗、热乙醇洗涤各3次、真空干燥后得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料。最后将高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料、PP熔喷非织造材料、PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料在超声频率为18KHz的条件下进行热粘合,粘合过程中形成轧点,轧点与轧点之间的间距为5cm,轧点面积为1×1mm2,即可制得本发明所述的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料。
实施例5
一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料,自内而外依次包括人体接触层、过滤层和外界接触层,人体接触层为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料包括ES纤维以及负载在ES纤维上的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊,ES纤维的纤维直径为16μm,克重为18g/m2,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊的平均粒径为380nm,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊包括芯材以及包覆在芯材外的蛋白壳材,制备方法为喷雾干燥法,芯材为正十八烷烃,蛋白壳材为大豆蛋白,过滤层为PP熔喷非织造材料,PP熔喷非织造材料的纤维直径为1.82μm,克重为14g/m2,外界接触层为PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料,PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料的纤维直径为5.2μm,克重为8g/m2。
采用以下制备方法,步骤如下:首先将6g大豆蛋白缓慢加入到600mL去离子水中,室温下800r/min搅拌30min,待溶解充分后加入2g正十八烷和0.5gSDS,经高速分散机在12000r/min条件下高速乳化10min,将乳化后的乳状液用喷雾干燥法制成微胶囊,进口温度为100℃,出口温度为40℃,流速为6m L/min。然后将ES纤维放入微胶囊溶液中,在频率为23KHz,功率为800w时超声震荡15min。经水洗、热乙醇洗涤各3次、真空干燥后得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料。最后将高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料、PP熔喷非织造材料、PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料在超声频率为18KHz的条件下进行热粘合,粘合过程中形成轧点,轧点与轧点之间的间距为5cm,轧点面积为1×1mm2,即可制得本发明所述的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料。
实施例6
一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料,自内而外依次包括人体接触层、过滤层和外界接触层,人体接触层为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料包括ES纤维以及负载在ES纤维上的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊,ES纤维的纤维直径为16μm,克重为18g/m2,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊的平均粒径为400nm,高交联蛋白纳米胶囊包括芯材以及包覆在芯材外的蛋白壳材,制备方法为自组装法,芯材为正十八烷烃,蛋白壳材为丝素蛋白蛋白,过滤层为PP熔喷非织造材料,PP熔喷非织造材料的纤维直径为1.82μm,克重为14g/m2,外界接触层为PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料,PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料的纤维直径为5.2μm,克重为8g/m2。
采用以下制备方法,步骤如下:首先将2g丝素蛋白缓慢加入到200mL去离子水中,室温下800r/min搅拌30min,待溶解充分后加入6g正十八烷和0.5gCTAB,将混合物加热至40℃并以650r/min搅拌10min形成o/w乳液。之后,将30ml的无水乙醇加入到乳液中,继续搅拌1.5h,形成微胶囊溶液。然后将ES纤维放入微胶囊溶液中,在频率为25KHz,功率为800w时超声震荡10min。经水洗、热乙醇洗涤各3次、真空干燥后得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料。最后将高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料、PP熔喷非织造材料、PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料在超声频率为18KHz的条件下进行热粘合,粘合过程中形成轧点,轧点与轧点之间的间距为5cm,轧点面积为2×2mm2,即可制得本发明所述的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造材料。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料,其特征在于,自内而外依次包括人体接触层、过滤层和外界接触层,所述人体接触层为高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料,所述高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料包括ES纤维以及负载在ES纤维上的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊,所述高交联蛋白纳米胶囊包括芯材以及包覆在芯材外的蛋白壳材,所述过滤层为PP熔喷非织造材料,所述外界接触层为PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料,其特征在于,所述芯材选自正十八烷、正二十烷或正二十四烷中的一种或多种,所述蛋白壳材选自角蛋白、丝素蛋白、大豆蛋白、高粱蛋白、酒糟蛋白或玉米蛋白中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料,其特征在于,所述ES纤维的纤维直径为13.0~19.0μm,克重为15~18g/m2,所述高交联蛋白纳米胶囊的粒径为200~400nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料,其特征在于,所述PP熔喷非织造材料的纤维直径为1.70~2.20μm,克重为9~20g/m2。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料,其特征在于,所述PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料的纤维直径为5.0~6.0μm,克重为8.0~9.0g/m2。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的控温防护非织造复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(a)取蛋白壳材溶解在特定溶液中,再加入由芯材和乳化剂混合形成的乳液中,采用微胶囊制备法,制备微胶囊溶液;
(b)取ES纤维放入到步骤(a)得到的微胶囊溶液中,超声震荡,再经洗涤和干燥得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料;
(c)将步骤(b)得到的高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的纺粘非织造材料、PP熔喷非织造材料以及PP/PE双组分纺粘非织造材料进行热粘合,即得到高交联蛋白纳米胶囊修饰的控温防护非织造复合材料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种控温防护非织造复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,所述微胶囊制备法选自自组装法、喷雾干燥法、相分离法或超临界反溶剂法中的一种或多种;
步骤(a)中,所述特定溶液选自去离子水、不同浓度的乙醇-水混合溶液、丙二醇-水混合溶液、高浓度尿素溶液、pH>11的碱性溶液或阴离子表面活性剂溶液中的一种;
步骤(a)中,所述乳化剂选自阿拉伯树胶、十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、聚苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、司盘60或吐温80中的一种或多种。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种控温防护非织造复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(a)中,蛋白壳材、芯材和乳化剂的质量比为(1~5):(1~10):(0.2~2.5)。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种控温防护非织造复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(b)中,超声震荡的功率为800~1000w,频率为23~25KHz,时间为10~15min;
步骤(b)中,采用去离子水和热乙醇洗涤,干燥在真空条件下进行。
10.根据权利要求6所述的一种控温防护非织造复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(c)中,热粘合过程在超声条件下进行,超声的频率为18~20KHz,粘合过程中形成轧点,轧点与轧点之间的间距为4.50~5.50cm,轧点面积为1×1~2×2mm2。
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汪婷: "相变微胶囊的制备及其在调温织物中的应用", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(硕士) 工程科技Ⅰ辑》, no. 12, 15 December 2019 (2019-12-15), pages 020 - 92 * |
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赵亮: "再生蚕丝储热调温材料的制备与性能研究", 《中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库(博士) 工程科技Ⅰ辑》, no. 02, 15 February 2019 (2019-02-15), pages 020 - 77 * |
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