CN1082459A - 催化溶液 - Google Patents
催化溶液 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1082459A CN1082459A CN93103489A CN93103489A CN1082459A CN 1082459 A CN1082459 A CN 1082459A CN 93103489 A CN93103489 A CN 93103489A CN 93103489 A CN93103489 A CN 93103489A CN 1082459 A CN1082459 A CN 1082459A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- solution
- compound
- rhcl
- ptcl
- lireo
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/26—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24
- B01J31/28—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing in addition, inorganic metal compounds not provided for in groups B01J31/02 - B01J31/24 of the platinum group metals, iron group metals or copper
- B01J31/30—Halides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9445—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC]
- B01D53/945—Simultaneously removing carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons or nitrogen oxides making use of three-way catalysts [TWC] or four-way-catalysts [FWC] characterised by a specific catalyst
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/32—Manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/36—Rhenium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
- B01J27/13—Platinum group metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0201—Oxygen-containing compounds
- B01J31/0204—Ethers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/0234—Nitrogen-, phosphorus-, arsenic- or antimony-containing compounds
- B01J31/0235—Nitrogen containing compounds
- B01J31/0244—Nitrogen containing compounds with nitrogen contained as ring member in aromatic compounds or moieties, e.g. pyridine
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D327/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D327/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms one oxygen atom and one sulfur atom
- C07D327/04—Five-membered rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D411/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D411/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D411/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having oxygen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D473/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing purine ring systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
催化剂溶液包括一种或一种以上的金属催化剂
化合物和一种有机溶剂,其有机溶剂选自由二醇衍生
物、烷基吡咯烷酮和烷氧基乙醚组成的组,没有附加
量的含氯化合物加入溶液,金属可以选自由Pt、Re
和Rh组成的组,化合物可以选自由H2PtCl6·
6H2O、Re2(CO)10、Re2O7、LiReO4和RhCl3·4H2O
组成的组。催化溶液可用于汽车排气等的污染物的
转化。在特别优选的实施例中,溶液含三种金属:Pt、
Re和Rh。
Description
本发明是关于催化溶液,更具体地说,是含有助于物料转化的金属化合物的溶液,这些物料例如是汽车发动机排气中存在的那些。
长期以来,就需要在诸如同时燃烧汽车发动机等排出的CO与未燃烧的烃类的氧化反应和还原NOx的还原反应中采用催化剂。催化剂,特别是在汽车排气控制中用的三元(three-way)催化剂的作用在本技术领域内已经进行了广泛地研究。例如,Taylor的“汽车催化转化器”、催化,科学和技术,PP119-67(Anderson等,出版,1984),描述了排气控制技术,三元催化剂组合物和催化剂载体。
用于转化汽车排气的一般的系统都采用预制的载体催化剂,通常为固体层状催化剂材料,例如蜂窝陶瓷结构,它设置在汽车的排放段中。当排气通过该固体材料时,位于层上的催化金属就起转化之作用,使CO、NOx和未燃烧烃类转化为CO2、N2和水。然而这种固体层状类型的催化转化器最终要废弃,要求从发动机的排放段除去和更换。再有蜂窝载体这一类结构制造起来复杂和较贵。能够进行三元催化的现有技术的系统是包括载有如Rh和Pt贵金属的那些,其中Rh是用于下述反应优选的催化剂:
Pt是用于CO和未燃烧的烃类的氧化优选的催化剂。
贵金属,特别是Rh昂贵而供应受限。这种情况由于在三元催化中Pt和Rh的现在的使用超过了Rh/Pt矿的比例就更加恶化。这样,减少使用贵金属是三元催化的一个问题。因此,就有必要开发其它的排气控制方法。
从而,在汽车的排气系统中,就需要有转化排气的其它方法,它不利用传统的附加的、预制的、不可再生的包括载体的固体催化材料。
美国专利4295816、4382017和4475483号描述了用于提高燃烧室效率的催化溶液和输送系统。在美国专利4382017中描述的催化溶液包括单一金属催化剂化合物,H2PtCl6·6H2O;一种氯化物例如HCl、LiCl、或NaCl;一抗冻化合物如乙二醇;和约50%(V)的水。氯化物是一种保护剂,阻止铂化合物的沉淀和破坏,据说这是由于利用抗冻化合物而将发生的。没有指出或建议使用这些溶液用于汽车排气的转化,要求氯化物“保护剂”并含有不希望的高含量的水。
美国专利4295816描述了一种催化剂输送系统包括在水中的单一铂族金属催化剂。在水的表面的上部设置了含锰催化剂的一油层。空气鼓泡通过水,并计量供给燃烧系统微量的催化剂,在此,催化剂在燃烧反应中被消耗掉。该专利并没有指出或建议利用一种溶剂如二醇衍生物,或溶液含所希望粘度和其它特性使当空气在溶液内通过时夹带金属化合物,或溶液可用于在汽车的排气系统内沉积在表面上。该专利也没指出或建议燃烧室的排气的转化。
美国专利4475483号描述了一种与美国专利4295816号相似的催化剂输送系统,利用单一的Re金属催化剂代替在水中Pt族金属催化剂。该专利还公开了一种抗冻剂,例如二醇、溶解的水以及催化剂。该专利指出,如果采用抗冻剂,保护剂例如NaCl、HCl或LiCl必须采用,以防止催化剂沉淀。但是这篇专利并没有指出或建议燃烧室的排气的转化。
如上述,本发明的一个目的是提供一种能够转化汽车发动机排气的催化材料。
本发明的另一目的是提供能转化汽车排气的包含催化材料的物料,而不需要在发动机的排放段中附加不可再生的催化固体载体系统。本发明的又一目的是提供一种能够转化汽车排气的催化材料,如果需要,可通过-液体源重复输送催化剂。
本发明的这些和其它的目的,通过-催化溶液可以实现,该催化溶液包括至少一种金属催化剂化合物,优选三种金属催化剂化合物,和选自由二醇衍生物、优选二甘醇衍生物、烷基吡咯烷酮和烷氧乙醚组成的组中的一种有机溶剂,其中不将附加是的含氯化合物加入溶液中。这种金属可选自由Pt、Re和Rh组成的组中。这些化合物可以选自由H2PtCl6·6H2O、Re2(CO)10、Re2O7、LiReO4和RhCl3·4H2O组成的组中。该溶液在减少汽车发动机等的污染物中是有用的。
图1是在一温度范围内的本发明的溶液的粘度图。
图2是添加的醋酸浓度与本发明的溶液的溶液粘度的关系图。
本发明的催化溶液包含一种或几种在适宜溶液中的金属化合物。在本发明中有用的金属包括中间过渡金属,例如ⅧA族金属,包括Re,和最后的过渡金属,例如ⅧA族金属,包括Pt和Rh。
这些金属是以化合物形态在溶液中存在,例如氯化物、羰基化合物、高酸盐和氧化物。这些化合物应当是在溶剂中提供可溶的金属形态,容许进入汽车发动机的空气流夹带金属,并允许在要求的温度和压力条件下,将金属沉积在汽车排放系统的表面上。选择适合的化合物还要求当所述金属在排放系统的尾管、消音器或其它适宜的表面上沉积时,能实现催化材料在所述表面的有效分散,使得CO、NOx和未燃烧的烃类与沉积的金属接触时,它们的有效转化就发生。
在本发明中,铂作为一种金属采用,优选的化合物形态是H2PtCl6·6H2O。对铼,适宜的化合物是Re2(CO)10、Re2O7或LiRe-O4,其中LiReO4、Re2(CO)10是优选的,LiReO4是特别优选的。对铑,优选的化合物是RhCl3·4H2O。
用于金属化合物的优选溶剂包括二醇衍生物,尤其是二甘醇衍生物,例如二甘醇二甲醚[CH3O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OCH3],三甘醇二甲醚和四甘醇二甲醚。其它的适合的溶剂包括烷基吡咯烷酮,例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮和烷氧乙醚例如二-{2-[2-甲氧基-乙氧基]乙基}醚。二甘醇二甲醚是特别优选的溶剂。
本发明的溶液中可加入其它组分,例如在温度变化的范围内稳定溶液的成分,或提高溶液粘度的成分。优选的其它成分是乙酸,它可以提高溶液的粘度,也可以提高金属化合物的溶解度,该金属化合物包括RhCl3·4H2O。
本发明的溶液是没有腐蚀性的,甚至当溶剂是二醇的衍生物例如是二甘醇二甲醚时,并不要求添加氯化物,例如LiCl或HCl。这是与美国专利4475483号和4382017号中描述的现有的溶液相反的,它们要求加入这些氯化物以防止催化剂沉淀和破坏。本发明的溶液在约-10到60℃的温度范围内是稳定的。另外,溶液具有时间稳定性,没有或仅少量的金属催化剂会分解或沉淀。
已经发现本发明的溶液的稳定性与水的含量无关,当溶液中所用的金属化合物是H2PtCl6·6H2O、LiReO4和RhCl3·4H2O时。其它的铼化合物,例如Re2(CO)10代替LiReO4时,溶液中的水含量可以在溶液的稳定性方面起作用。对这些溶液,优选水含量保持在约2-15ml/500ml溶液,而7ml水是特别优选的。以这样的方式控制水含量可防止金属化合物例如铑盐沉淀(当系统中水太少时发生),和防止化合物例如Re2(CO)10析出(在系统中存在大量水时发生)。
优选的是,溶液包含三种不同金属化合物。认为使用多元金属化合物溶液,尤其是使用三元金属化合物溶液,对减少汽车排气中毒物得到了最好的结果,汽车排气的还原要求氧化和还原条件保持平衡量。在最优选的实施例中,溶液包含H2PtCl6·6H2O、LiReO4和RhCl3·4H2O。在该实施例中Pt∶Re∶Rh优选的摩尔比约为1.5-2.5∶1.0-2.0∶0.5-1.5。对这些优选的化合物形态,其重量比为H2PtCl6·6H2O∶LiReO4∶RhCl3·4H2O是约3.0-4.0∶0.4-1.4∶0.5-1.5。最优选的实施例包含重量比约为3.5∶0.9∶1.0的这些化合物,与其对应的摩尔比约为1.0∶1.44∶1.92。溶液中这些金属化合物优选的重量浓度优选如下:
H2PtCl6·6H2O 3.0-4.0克/升
LiReO40.4-1.4克/升
RhCl3·4H2O 0.5-1.5克/升
最优选的重量浓度,H2PtCl6·6H2O为3.5克/升,LiReO4为0.88克/升和RhCl3·4H2O为1.0克/升。对优选的含H2PtCl6·6H2O、LiReO4和RhCl3·4H2O溶液,其溶液中总金属化合物含量优选为5.4克/升溶剂,每种化合物的相对比例如上面给出的。
本发明的溶液是用来为转化汽车排气提供催化剂材料。在一个优选的实施例中,溶液盛装在一靠近进入汽车发动机的进料空气的适当容器内。空气通过发动机,金属化合物喷入或引入空气流中,使其进入和通过发动机。当催化剂材料离开燃烧室进入系统的排气段时,催化剂沉积在排气系统中。在排气系统中沉积的位置由一些因素控制,这些因素如通过排气系统的金属的流速、温度和压力。然后沉积的催化剂帮助转化发动机排出的CO、NOx和未燃烧的烃类。当催化剂失活时,催化剂载体系统物质的替换不是必须的。将新鲜催化剂通过发动机,并沉积在排气系统。
金属化合物自本发明的溶液携入气相,最的被汽化,将金属催化剂留在气相中。携带的催化剂到燃烧室下游的一点,沉淀或沉积在固体表面上。使用本发明的催化溶液,催化效率得到了较大地提高。
当发动机以较低的转速运行时,适当地优选控制空气流速、温度和压力,可携带和沉积催化剂,这可以为转化所要求量的污染物输送足够量的催化剂。利用本发明的溶液可以将多达98%CO、98%NOx和100%的未燃烧的烃类转化为CO2、N2和水。两篇共同未决的专利申请包含了本发明的溶液适宜用途的进一步细节和实施例,它们公开的技术内容在此结合参考。
下述的实施例是用来说明本发明。
实施例1
一升分析纯的二甘醇二甲醚贮存在粒状的15克分析纯的KOH之上一天,然后在减压下(约20mmHg)KOH上蒸馏。
在250ml的玻璃容器中,将150ml二甘醇二甲醚注入1.766克H2PtCl6·6H2O的分散物中。然后,该混合物用磁力混合器强烈地进行混合,使其剩余物完全溶解(在1-2分钟的期间内)。最后该混合物再强烈搅拌30分钟。
在250ml玻璃容器中,在磁力混合器混合的同时,0.724克Re2(CO)10的分散物加入150ml的二甘醇二甲醚中,并加热到约45-55℃。在混合30到40分钟后,剩余物完全溶解,将溶液冷却到室温。
在50ml的玻璃容器中,将2ml水和5mlHAC加入0.499克RhCl3·4H2O的分散物中。得到的混合物用磁力混合器混合一小时直至完全溶解。然后边搅拌下逐滴加入20ml二甘醇二甲醚,混合30分钟后,将溶液置入250ml玻璃容器中,在搅拌的同时加入3ml水和5mlHAC。搅拌持续5分钟,然后加入130ml二甘醇二甲醚。连续混合一小时以上。所得的溶液为黑红色。
在800ml的玻璃容器中,将制备的H2PtCl2·6H2O和Re2(CO)10的二甘醇二甲醚溶液混合15分钟。在搅拌的同时,将制备的RhCl3·4H2O的溶液小心地加入上述的混合溶液中,溶液为桔黄色;结果,生成的溶液的颜色观察到从明亮不透明溶液变到不明亮的溶液,其颜色变暗。然后,往溶液中加入2ml水,通过加入二甘醇二甲醚使溶液的总体积到500ml。将溶液完全混合4小时。在过量的未溶解的金属化合物沉降10-12小时后,通过孔隙度为3的玻璃过滤器过滤溶液。所得的溶流组成如下:0.6650克Pt;0.4410克Re和0.183克Rh,与其相对应的摩尔比:1.0∶1.44∶1.92。
对最终的溶液测试其对温度的稳定性。溶液的温度从-10℃至55℃变化,在上述的温度范围内,测量不同点的溶液粘度。图1示出了在测试温度范围内的得到的粘度。从图1可看出,随着温度的升高溶液的粘度降低;但是,在整个测试温度范围内,溶液保持稳定。
也测定了溶液的长期稳定性。将溶液在80℃温度下放置20小时,没有任何可留意的变化或分解。在室温和-10℃下试验,在40天内结果溶液稳定。
添加HAC对溶液粘度的影响也进行了测定。按照本实施例,改变HAC的体积浓度制备一系列溶液。结果数据示于图2。图2表明,HAC浓度升高,生成的溶液粘度也增大。
实施例2
一升含LiReO4、H2PtCl6·6H2O和RhCl3·4H2O的二甘醇二甲醚催化剂溶液制备如下。
如前述的实施例中描述的那样制备二甘醇二甲醚。
LiReO4的二甘醇二甲醚溶液制备如下。在50-55℃的温度下,将10.65克工业NH4ReO4“化学纯”溶于100ml水中。然后,将含1.1克LiOH的LiOH溶液加入温的NH4ReO4溶液中。用磁力混合器混合溶液,然后加热到50-55℃(在三小时内),最后使溶液蒸发到约10-15ml的体积。该浓缩液用约20-25ml水稍微烯释,CO2鼓泡通过所得溶液,直至PH达到6-7为止,之后过滤溶液并蒸发到干。残留物在真空(10-2mmHg)和在55-65℃温度下进一步干燥6小时。得到的干混合物含特有的LiReO4和Li2CO3的掺和物,在搅拌的同时,在一小时内将其溶于50ml二甘醇二甲醚中,然后过滤。过滤器上的残渣用15ml二甘醇二甲醚洗涤,滤液混合。通过加入二甘醇二甲醚使溶液体积到100ml,每10ml溶液含0.739克Re。从100ml LiReO4/二甘醇二甲醚溶液中取11.9ml样品,用途如下所述。
将300ml蒸馏过的二甘醇二甲醚和1ml水加入装在500ml玻璃容器中的3.532克H2PtCl6·6H2O中,混合物用磁力混合器强烈混合,在1-2分钟内,直到出现完全溶解。这时,在容器底部观察到大量的鲜颜的桔红色小滴。在强烈混合30分钟后,这些小滴溶解,生成真正的桔色溶液。
为溶解RhCl3·4H2O,向装有0.998克RhCl3·4H2O的150ml玻璃容器加入20ml水,得到的混合物用磁力混合器混合一小时,直至完全溶解。然后,在混合同时逐滴加入100ml二甘醇二甲醚。于所得溶液中。继续混合30分钟。得到呈黑红色的溶液。
将制备的含H2PtCl6·6H2O和LiReO4的二甘醇二甲醚溶液装入1500ml的玻璃容器中,并混合15分钟。在搅拌的同时,将制备的RhCl3·4H2O的溶液小心地加入上述的溶液中,还加入20ml水。通过添加二甘醇二甲醚使溶液的总体积为1000ml,全部溶液彻底混合4小时。在贮存10-12小时后,用孔隙度为3的玻璃过滤器过滤溶液。得到溶液的最后体积为一升。20ml样品含:0.0266克Pt、0.0073克Rh和0.0176克Re,与其相应的摩尔比约为1.36∶0.72∶0.94。
实施例3
在室温下,将0.0475克RhCl3·4H2O与5ml N-甲基吡咯烷酮混合,发现很微弱的溶解。该混合物5分钟内加热到80℃,溶解盐并生成红棕色溶液。冷却生成的溶液,该溶液是稳定的。
将0.0504克H2PtCl6·6H2O与5mlN-甲基吡咯烷酮混合,慢慢地溶解盐。该混合物加热到80℃,很快溶解残留的盐,并生成浅黄色溶液。冷却生成的溶液,该溶液是稳定的。
将0.0222克LiReO4加入0.3ml二甘醇二甲醚中。加入二甲基吡咯烷酮使溶液体积达10ml。制得的溶液是稳定的。
通过将2ml RhCl3·4H2O溶液、4ml H2PtCl6·6H2O溶液和5ml LiReO4溶液掺合,制备溶液。混合的溶液是透明的红色,并含:0.0190克RhCl3·4H2O、0.0403克H2PtCl6·6H2O和0.0153克LiReO4。该溶液也是稳定的。
实施例4
将0.0359克H2PtCl6·6H2O与5ml四甘醇二甲醚混合。盐起初并不溶解,当加热到80℃时盐完全溶解,溶液为黄绿色。该溶液是稳定的。
将0.0333克RhCl3·4H2O溶于0.2ml H2O中,然后加入2.5ml四甘醇二甲醚,生成稍微混浊的溶液。接着将0.3ml H2O加入上述溶液中,通过加入四甘醇二甲醚使溶液体积达5ml。该溶液变为透明,而且是稳定的。
将含0.0222克Re的LiReO4样品在0.3ml二甘醇二甲醚中浓缩,加入四甘醇二甲醚使溶液的总体积为10ml。该溶液是稳定的。
将4ml H2PtCl6·6H2O溶液、3ml RhCl3·4H2O溶液和5mlLiReO4溶液掺合来制备溶液。生成透明红色的溶液,该溶液含:0.0200克H2PtCl6·6H2O、0.0287克RhCl3·4H2O和0.0153克LiReO4。该溶液是稳定的。
Claims (18)
1、一种催化剂溶液,包括至少一种金属催化剂化合物和一种溶剂,其溶剂选自由二醇衍生物、烷基吡咯烷酮和烷氧基乙醚组成的组,其特征是,不将附加量的含氯化合物加入溶液中。
2、按权利要求1的溶液,其中金属选自由Pt、Re和Rh组成的组。
3、按权利要求2的溶液,其中化合物选自由H2PtCl6·6H2O、Re2(CO)10、Re2O7、LiReO4和RhCl3·4H2O组成的组。
4、按权利要求2的溶液,包括Pt化合物、Re化合物和Rh化合物。
5、按权利要求4的溶液,其中Pt化合物是H2PtCl6·6H2O,Re化合物是LiReO4和Rh化合物是RhCl3·4H2O。
6、按权利要求4的溶液,其中Pt化合物是H2PtCl6·6H2O,Re化合物是Re2(CO)10和Rh化合物是RhCl3·4H2O。
7、按权利要求1的溶液,还包括HAC。
8、按权利要求5的溶液,其中溶剂是二甘醇二甲醚。
9、一种催化剂溶液,主要包括至少一种金属催化剂化合物和一种溶剂,其溶剂选自由二醇衍生物、烷基吡咯烷酮和烷氧基乙醚组成的组。
10、按权利要求9的溶液,其中金属选自由Pt、Re和Rh组成的组。
11、按权利要求10的溶液,其中化合物选自由H2PtCl6·6H2O、Re2(CO)10、Re2O7、LiReO4和RhCl3·4H2O组成的组。
12、按权利要求11的溶液,其中金属化合物是H2PtCl6·6H2O、LiReO4和RhCl3·4H2O。
13、按权利要求11的溶液,其中金属化合物是H2PtCl6·6H2O、Re2(CO)10和RhCl3·4H2O。
14、按权利要求9的溶液,还包括HAC。
15、按权利要求12的溶液,其中溶剂是二甘醇二甲醚。
16、按权利要求13的溶液,其中H2PtCl6·6H2O∶LiReO4∶RhCl3·4H2O的重量比是3.0-4.0∶0.4-1.4∶0.5-1.5。
17、按权利要求13的溶液,其中H2PtCl6·6H2O的重量浓度是3.0-4.0克/升,LiReO4的重量浓度是0.4-1.4克/升,RhCl3·4H2O的重量浓度是0.5-1.5克/升。
18、一种转化汽车排气的方法,包括输送按权利要求15限定的含H2PtCl6·6H2O、LiReO4和RhCl3·4H2O的溶液,使Pt、Re和Rh沉积在固体表面,使汽车排气流过沉积的Pt、Re和Rh,并使汽车排气与Pt、Re和Rh反应。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US841.356 | 1992-02-25 | ||
US07/841,356 US5387569A (en) | 1992-02-25 | 1992-02-25 | Catalytic solution suitable for converting combustion emissions |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1082459A true CN1082459A (zh) | 1994-02-23 |
Family
ID=25284663
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN93103489A Pending CN1082459A (zh) | 1992-02-25 | 1993-02-24 | 催化溶液 |
Country Status (16)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5387569A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0628128A4 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH07507002A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR950700120A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1082459A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU671439B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9305968A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2130813A1 (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ293942B6 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL104847A (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9301022A (zh) |
NZ (1) | NZ249740A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU94041211A (zh) |
SK (1) | SK100394A3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1993016800A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA931319B (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101679194B (zh) * | 2007-05-16 | 2013-04-03 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 制备羧酸乙烯基酯的方法 |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6152972A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 2000-11-28 | Blue Planet Technologies Co., L.P. | Gasoline additives for catalytic control of emissions from combustion engines |
CA2227141A1 (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 1997-02-06 | Clean Diesel Technologies, Inc. | Methods for reducing harmful emissions from a diesel engine |
US6776606B2 (en) * | 2001-03-02 | 2004-08-17 | Emmissions Technology, Llc | Method for oxidizing mixtures |
CA2628961A1 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2006-05-18 | Emissions Technology, Inc. | Fuel combustion catalyst microburst aerosol delivery device and continuous and consistent aerosol delivery device |
US7584905B2 (en) * | 2004-11-08 | 2009-09-08 | Emissions Technology, Inc. | Fuel combustion catalyst microburst aerosol delivery device and continuous and consistent aerosol delivery device |
US20090000186A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-01 | James Kenneth Sanders | Nano-sized metal and metal oxide particles for more complete fuel combustion |
US8033167B2 (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2011-10-11 | Gary Miller | Systems and methods for providing a catalyst |
US8377290B2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2013-02-19 | James K. and Mary A. Sanders Family L.L.C. | Low sulfur fuels |
US8182554B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2012-05-22 | James Kenneth Sanders | Fuels for cold start conditions |
US8545577B2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2013-10-01 | James K. And Mary A. Sanders Family Llc | Catalyst component for aviation and jet fuels |
US8182555B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2012-05-22 | James Kenneth Sanders | Nano-sized zinc oxide particles for fuel |
Family Cites Families (94)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1989113A (en) * | 1930-09-18 | 1935-01-29 | Rector Gasifier Company | Antidetonating means |
US2194186A (en) * | 1935-12-28 | 1940-03-19 | Standard Ig Co | Catalytic treatment of combustible carbonaceous materials |
US2086775A (en) * | 1936-07-13 | 1937-07-13 | Leo Corp | Method of operating an internal combustion engine |
US2151432A (en) * | 1937-07-03 | 1939-03-21 | Leo Corp | Method of operating internal combustion engines |
US2460700A (en) * | 1947-07-01 | 1949-02-01 | Leo Corp | Method of operating an internal-combustion engine |
US2712351A (en) * | 1949-02-23 | 1955-07-05 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Method of operating an internal combustion blowtorch |
US2800172A (en) * | 1951-09-19 | 1957-07-23 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Additives to fuel |
BE553159A (zh) * | 1955-12-05 | |||
US2946325A (en) * | 1958-02-14 | 1960-07-26 | Gentile Frank | Muffler for use with catalysts in internal combustion engines |
FR1260971A (fr) * | 1959-06-29 | 1961-05-12 | Procédé et dispositif pour l'épuration des gaz d'échappement de générateurs thermiques | |
NL253171A (zh) * | 1959-06-29 | |||
US3091920A (en) * | 1959-11-16 | 1963-06-04 | Matvay Leo | Plasma flame hyperthermal exothermic furnace with catalyst and combination thereof with an internal combustion engine |
US3168368A (en) * | 1960-04-27 | 1965-02-02 | Air Prod & Chem | Method of treating exhaust gases of internal combustion engines |
US3220179A (en) * | 1962-10-31 | 1965-11-30 | Walter P Innes Jr | Catalytic afterburner for internal combustion engines and the like |
US3211534A (en) * | 1963-12-19 | 1965-10-12 | Trw Inc | Exhaust control apparatus |
US3224188A (en) * | 1964-04-10 | 1965-12-21 | Joseph S Barlow | Combustion control |
US3348932A (en) * | 1964-08-21 | 1967-10-24 | Apollo Chem | Additive compositions to improve burning properties of liquid and solid |
FR1467023A (fr) * | 1965-06-11 | 1967-01-27 | Perfectionnements apportés aux dispositifs d'épuration catalytique des gaz d'échappement pour moteurs à combustion interne | |
US3450116A (en) * | 1967-08-28 | 1969-06-17 | Alton D Knight | Vapor charging system for internal combustion engines |
US3537434A (en) * | 1968-12-30 | 1970-11-03 | David E Sherrill | Vacuum fuel additive inductor for internal combustion engines |
US3716040A (en) * | 1970-08-21 | 1973-02-13 | I Herpin | Fuel additive inductor for internal combustion engine |
US3773894A (en) * | 1971-07-22 | 1973-11-20 | Exxon | Nitrogen oxide conversion using reinforced nickel-copper catalysts |
DE2163536A1 (de) * | 1971-12-21 | 1973-06-28 | Volkswagenwerk Ag | Katalysator fuer abgasreinigungsanlagen von brennkraftmaschinen |
US3746498A (en) * | 1972-01-24 | 1973-07-17 | Combustion Eng | Reducing no{11 {11 emissions by additive injection |
IT947400B (it) * | 1972-02-08 | 1973-05-21 | Alfa Romeo Spa | Dispositivo di regolazione della portata del gas di scarico ricirco lato in un motore a combustione interna |
GB1431893A (en) * | 1972-06-13 | 1976-04-14 | Chai Mun Leon I C | Engine |
US3856901A (en) * | 1972-10-25 | 1974-12-24 | Tvi Marketing Inc | Vapor induction system |
US4197272A (en) * | 1972-11-23 | 1980-04-08 | Bl Cars Limited | Catalytic exhaust system |
US3800532A (en) * | 1973-02-08 | 1974-04-02 | K Schischkow | Exhaust purifier and method |
DE2306395C3 (de) * | 1973-02-09 | 1978-08-10 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler, 6000 Frankfurt | Trägerkatalysator |
JPS5127437B2 (zh) * | 1973-04-06 | 1976-08-12 | ||
US3875922A (en) * | 1973-04-18 | 1975-04-08 | Jr Frank Kirmss | Vapor injection system |
US3930805A (en) * | 1973-08-27 | 1976-01-06 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Apparatus receiving catalysts for the decontamination of exhaust gas of internal combustion engines |
US3910850A (en) * | 1973-12-19 | 1975-10-07 | Grace W R & Co | Contoured monolithic substrate |
US4016837A (en) * | 1974-01-02 | 1977-04-12 | Wentworth Fred Albert Jr | Vapor intake system for internal combustion engines |
AR208304A1 (es) * | 1974-01-02 | 1976-12-20 | Wentworth F | Un metodo para agregar vapor de agua a la mezcla combustible en un aparato de combustion que tiene una admision forzada de aire y un aparato para ilevar a cabo el metodo |
US3979185A (en) * | 1974-01-21 | 1976-09-07 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Catalytic converter having plural reaction stages with temperature-comparing means therein |
US3978193A (en) * | 1974-01-29 | 1976-08-31 | Gould Inc. | Method and apparatus for treating exhaust gases |
DE2500638A1 (de) * | 1975-01-09 | 1976-07-15 | Wilfried Philipp | Rundschalttisch |
JPS5511377B2 (zh) * | 1975-01-30 | 1980-03-25 | ||
FR2310988A1 (fr) * | 1975-05-13 | 1976-12-10 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de preparation de cetones par oxydation de composes olefiniques par l'oxygene moleculaire, en presence de catalyseurs bimetalliques solubles ou supportes |
IT1070099B (it) * | 1975-09-23 | 1985-03-25 | Degussa | Catalizzatore supportato monolitico e disposizione di catalizzatori supportati monolitici per la depurazione dei gas di scarico di motori a combustione |
US4064039A (en) * | 1976-01-28 | 1977-12-20 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Fluid catalytic cracking |
US4090838A (en) * | 1976-03-17 | 1978-05-23 | Kenneth R. Schena | Catalyst generator |
US4064037A (en) * | 1976-07-09 | 1977-12-20 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Temporary shutdown of co-combustion devices |
US4218422A (en) * | 1976-10-15 | 1980-08-19 | Ford Motor Company | Converter structure |
US4118339A (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1978-10-03 | Uop Inc. | Use of noble metal solutions in catalyst regeneration zones |
US4179412A (en) * | 1977-03-14 | 1979-12-18 | Hitachi Shipbuilding & Engineering Co., Ltd. | Process for producing catalyst precursors for decomposing ammonia by oxidation and precursors produced by said process |
CA1137876A (en) * | 1977-06-20 | 1982-12-21 | Michael L. Noakes | Catalyst supports |
DE2745188C3 (de) * | 1977-10-07 | 1980-05-08 | Deutsche Gold- Und Silber-Scheideanstalt Vormals Roessler, 6000 Frankfurt | Geformter Katalysator, Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung und Verwendung |
US4295816A (en) * | 1977-12-20 | 1981-10-20 | Robinson B Joel | Catalyst delivery system |
US4255173A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1981-03-10 | Texaco Inc. | Lead filter for internal combustion engine exhaust gases |
US4214615A (en) * | 1978-02-27 | 1980-07-29 | Winston Boyer | Dispensing apparatus for adding colloidal magnesium to fuel tank |
US4203895A (en) * | 1978-04-14 | 1980-05-20 | Warner-Lambert Company | Process for the preparation of cis-(±)-3,4-dihydro-N,N,2-trimethyl-2H-1-benzopyran-3-amine and intermediates produced thereby |
US4170960A (en) * | 1978-07-03 | 1979-10-16 | Germack Walter F | Additive supply and control device |
PH12765A (en) * | 1979-06-18 | 1979-08-09 | Project Sta Barbara | Method and apparatus for utilizing alcohol of any purity as a fuel |
US4276152A (en) * | 1979-09-24 | 1981-06-30 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Reforming of sulfur-containing charge stock |
US4317918A (en) * | 1979-11-05 | 1982-03-02 | Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. | Process for preparing alcohols |
US4476339A (en) * | 1979-12-13 | 1984-10-09 | Texaco Inc. | Dehydrogenation process using a rhodium catalyst |
US4382017A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1983-05-03 | Robinson Charles A | Means and method for providing a non-freezing catalyst solution |
US4425304A (en) * | 1981-01-20 | 1984-01-10 | Toyo Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Catalytic converter |
US4362130A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1982-12-07 | Antonio Robinson | Supplementary composition for and a method of combustion-burning of gasoline |
AT378786B (de) * | 1981-10-12 | 1985-09-25 | Lang Chem Tech Prod | Gefrierschutz- und eisloesemittel |
US4410467A (en) * | 1981-11-09 | 1983-10-18 | Wentworth Fred Albert Jr | Ion-vapor generator and method |
US4517926A (en) * | 1982-04-19 | 1985-05-21 | Optimizer, Limited | Device for improving fuel efficiency and method of use therefor |
US4462208A (en) * | 1982-09-23 | 1984-07-31 | General Motors Corporation | Regeneration control system for a diesel engine exhaust particulate filter |
US4757045A (en) * | 1983-02-14 | 1988-07-12 | Engelhard Corporation | Catalysts with support coatings having increased macroporosity and method for producing the catalysts |
US4475483A (en) * | 1983-04-15 | 1984-10-09 | Robinson Barnett J | Catalyst delivery system |
US4485025A (en) * | 1983-07-14 | 1984-11-27 | Texaco Inc. | Polyalkylpolyalkoxypolysiloxane stabilizers for inorganic silicates in antifreeze/coolant formulations |
JPS60122214A (ja) * | 1983-11-30 | 1985-06-29 | Tokyo Roki Kk | 内燃機関の排ガス中の黒煙除去方法及び装置 |
US4542226A (en) * | 1984-07-16 | 1985-09-17 | General Electric Company | Method for making siloxanenorbornane bisanhydride |
US4892562A (en) * | 1984-12-04 | 1990-01-09 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Diesel fuel additives and diesel fuels containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in diesel engines |
US4891050A (en) * | 1985-11-08 | 1990-01-02 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Gasoline additives and gasoline containing soluble platinum group metal compounds and use in internal combustion engines |
DE8438260U1 (de) * | 1984-12-29 | 1985-04-11 | Süddeutsche Kühlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr GmbH & Co KG, 7000 Stuttgart | Traegermatrix, insbesondere fuer einen katalytischen reaktor zur abgasreinigung |
US4665690A (en) * | 1985-01-14 | 1987-05-19 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Exhaust gas cleaning system for vehicle |
US4752302A (en) * | 1985-09-10 | 1988-06-21 | Fuel Tech, Inc. | Method and composition for improving flame combustion of liquid carbonaceous fuels |
US4646516A (en) * | 1986-05-06 | 1987-03-03 | Ford Motor Company | Catalyst arrangement for the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine |
US4919903A (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1990-04-24 | Ford Motor Company | Method of catalytically oxidizing methanol vapor accompanied by little or no excess oxygen |
US4787969A (en) * | 1986-11-21 | 1988-11-29 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Reforming with polymetallic catalysts |
ATE77764T1 (de) * | 1987-01-19 | 1992-07-15 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Metallischer katalysator-traegerkoerper aus zwei unterschiedlich gewellten blechlagen. |
US4842617A (en) * | 1987-08-10 | 1989-06-27 | Ira Kukin | Combustion control by addition of magnesium compounds of particular particle sizes |
US4868148A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1989-09-19 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Layered automotive catalytic composite |
US4863889A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-09-05 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | High surface area rhenium sulfide hydrodesulfurization catalysts prepared by an aqueous technique and a process for using them |
US4939113A (en) * | 1987-11-03 | 1990-07-03 | Engelhard Corporation | Hydrogen sulfide suppressing catalyst system using an oxide of copper, manganese, nickel or iron |
DE3803122C1 (zh) * | 1988-02-03 | 1989-07-13 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt, De | |
US4810588A (en) * | 1988-05-24 | 1989-03-07 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Nonnesting, straight corrugation metal foil and method for making same |
US5177960A (en) * | 1988-12-13 | 1993-01-12 | Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Metal-made carrier body for exhaust gas |
JPH0744733Y2 (ja) * | 1989-02-21 | 1995-10-11 | 臼井国際産業株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化装置 |
US5016438A (en) * | 1989-09-25 | 1991-05-21 | Harris International Sales Corporation | Emission control apparatus |
US5085841A (en) * | 1990-07-13 | 1992-02-04 | Robinson Barnett J | Method for reduction of pollution from combustion chambers |
JP2724387B2 (ja) * | 1990-08-28 | 1998-03-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 内燃エンジンの排気二次空気供給装置の故障検知方法 |
US5322671A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1994-06-21 | Blue Planet Technologies Co., L.P. | Catalytic vessel |
CZ9402003A3 (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1995-08-16 | Blue Planet Tech Co | Catalytic system |
US5266082A (en) * | 1992-04-16 | 1993-11-30 | Sanders James K | Fuel additive |
-
1992
- 1992-02-25 US US07/841,356 patent/US5387569A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-02-24 CA CA002130813A patent/CA2130813A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-02-24 BR BR9305968A patent/BR9305968A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-02-24 IL IL10484793A patent/IL104847A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-24 CZ CZ200494A patent/CZ293942B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-02-24 EP EP93906173A patent/EP0628128A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-02-24 WO PCT/US1993/001595 patent/WO1993016800A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-02-24 NZ NZ249740A patent/NZ249740A/en unknown
- 1993-02-24 SK SK1003-94A patent/SK100394A3/sk unknown
- 1993-02-24 CN CN93103489A patent/CN1082459A/zh active Pending
- 1993-02-24 RU RU94041211/04A patent/RU94041211A/ru unknown
- 1993-02-24 JP JP5515024A patent/JPH07507002A/ja active Pending
- 1993-02-24 AU AU37299/93A patent/AU671439B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-25 ZA ZA931319A patent/ZA931319B/xx unknown
- 1993-02-25 MX MX9301022A patent/MX9301022A/es unknown
-
1994
- 1994-08-25 KR KR1019940702966A patent/KR950700120A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-11-04 US US08/334,281 patent/US5525316A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101679194B (zh) * | 2007-05-16 | 2013-04-03 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 制备羧酸乙烯基酯的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5387569A (en) | 1995-02-07 |
RU94041211A (ru) | 1996-07-20 |
NZ249740A (en) | 1996-10-28 |
CA2130813A1 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
US5525316A (en) | 1996-06-11 |
JPH07507002A (ja) | 1995-08-03 |
CZ293942B6 (cs) | 2004-08-18 |
KR950700120A (ko) | 1995-01-16 |
IL104847A (en) | 1996-11-14 |
EP0628128A1 (en) | 1994-12-14 |
CZ200494A3 (en) | 1995-01-18 |
AU671439B2 (en) | 1996-08-29 |
AU3729993A (en) | 1993-09-13 |
IL104847A0 (en) | 1993-06-10 |
MX9301022A (es) | 1994-06-30 |
EP0628128A4 (en) | 1995-11-08 |
SK100394A3 (en) | 1995-07-11 |
ZA931319B (en) | 1993-11-02 |
WO1993016800A1 (en) | 1993-09-02 |
BR9305968A (pt) | 1997-10-21 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1082459A (zh) | 催化溶液 | |
US7713911B2 (en) | Catalyst powder, exhaust gas purifying catalyst, and method of producing the catalyst powder | |
CA1340871C (en) | Method for reducing emissions from or increasing the utilizable energy of fuel for powering internal combustion engines | |
JP3429967B2 (ja) | 酸素吸蔵性セリウム系複合酸化物 | |
KR100279484B1 (ko) | 미립자트랩이 장착된 디이젤엔진으로 부터 유해 방출물을 감소시키기 위한 방법 | |
US6152972A (en) | Gasoline additives for catalytic control of emissions from combustion engines | |
US6444178B1 (en) | Purification device for gases | |
CN101466468B (zh) | 排气净化用催化剂 | |
CN1091396C (zh) | 用于净化废气的催化剂 | |
US6696389B1 (en) | Process and apparatus for cleaning a gas flow | |
CA2356381A1 (fr) | Procede d'hydrocyanation de composes organiques a insaturations ethyleniques | |
Thompson et al. | Redox switchable catalysis utilizing a fluorescent dye | |
NL8200067A (nl) | Verbranding verbeterende toevoeging voor dieselbrandstofolie; werkwijze voor het verbeteren van de verbranding van een dieselbrandstofolie. | |
EP0488347A1 (en) | Diesel engine exhaust gas-purifying catalyst | |
CN1566280A (zh) | 含钼和/或钨及镍和/或钴的加氢精制催化剂及其制备 | |
CN1048650C (zh) | 一种废气净化催化剂的制备方法 | |
JP3306147B2 (ja) | エンジン排ガス浄化用触媒組成物の製造方法 | |
JP2002516245A (ja) | 高い比表面積を有するアルミン酸亜鉛、その製造方法及び自動車の排気ガスの処理におけるその使用 | |
RU2188329C1 (ru) | Многофункциональная присадка к топливу для двигателя внутреннего сгорания | |
FR2517365A1 (fr) | Procede de traitement de gaz d'echappement des moteurs a combustion interne fonctionnant avec un carburant contenant du plomb | |
WO2016009384A1 (fr) | Procede de production de dihydrogene | |
JP2901295B2 (ja) | 排ガス浄化触媒及びその使用方法 | |
JPH0724323A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 | |
CN103370122A (zh) | Nox净化催化剂 | |
JPH07132224A (ja) | 排気ガス浄化用触媒 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C01 | Deemed withdrawal of patent application (patent law 1993) | ||
WD01 | Invention patent application deemed withdrawn after publication |