CN108244403B - Abalone nutritional compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Abalone nutritional compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an abalone nutrient compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide and a preparation method and application thereof, belonging to the field of feeds. The raw materials of the abalone nutritional compound feed comprise peanut meal, wheat germ, fish meal, glue additives, sodium alginate, small peptide, xylo-oligosaccharide, fish oil, compound vitamins and compound mineral salt. The gel additives include herba Zosterae Marinae, thallus Porphyrae and Spirulina. The abalone nutrient compound feed can meet the basic nutrient requirement of abalone growth, has a good feeding attraction effect, can increase the feed intake of abalones, improves the feed conversion rate, reduces residual feeds, and reduces the probability of disease outbreak and death of abalones. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, pressing, curing and drying. The preparation method is simple, has good condition controllability, and is suitable for industrial production. The abalone nutrient compound feed is used for abalone culture, can improve the bait coefficient, the weight gain rate, the immunocompetence and the like of abalones, and effectively reduces the large-scale abalone culture cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of feeds, and in particular relates to an abalone nutrient compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The abalone species original marine shellfish is a single-shell mollusk, has high nutritive value, is usually grown on the seabed, is suitable for the environment with lower water temperature, has wide distribution range and has up to 216 varieties. Two varieties of haliotis discus hannai and haliotis diversicolor abalone are common in China.
The economic value of abalone is very high, and many countries focus on developing artificial abalone culture technology and fine breed selection and culture work. The artificial abalone culture in China is developed later and mainly depends on natural collection and catching in the past, the development work of artificial abalone seedling culture and culture technology is gradually carried out in coastal provinces in the east of China for more than 20 years, and a batch of abalone nursery sites and cultivation farms with advanced facilities and production technology are built. The artificial abalone culture method mainly comprises the methods of marine raft culture, land industrial culture, culture with a caisson under a rocky reef tide, bottom-sowing and free-flow propagation and the like, the method has a mature culture technology, and the yield of commercial abalone fries and abalone is greatly improved.
Abalone is omnivorous, young abalones eat adhesive diatoms in a licking mode, and abalones growing to 1 cm in size begin to eat macroalgae such as kelp, undaria pinnatifida and asparagus. Adopt natural algae as bait, can receive the season restriction that the algae grows, if meet summer temperature height, the algae is perishable, and rotten frond sinks in the bottom, leads to aquatic ammoniacal nitrogen to increase, easily arouses the culture environment to worsen, influences the normal activity of abalone, is unfavorable for the abalone scale to be bred. The development and use of the artificial compound feed for the abalones can solve the limitation of natural baits and provide nutritional requirements for optimal growth and yield for large-scale abalone culture.
The development of abalone feed with the functions of food calling, growth promotion, antibiosis and disease prevention has a key supporting effect on the aspects of product quality, cost, disease prevention and control, economic benefit and the like of abalone large-scale cultivation in China.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide the abalone nutrient compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide, which can meet the basic nutrient requirement of abalone growth, has good feeding attraction effect, can increase the feed intake of abalone, improve the feed conversion rate, reduce the residual bait and reduce the probability of disease outbreak and death of abalone.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the abalone nutrient compound feed, which is simple, has good condition controllability and is suitable for industrial production.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the abalone nutrient compound feed, and the abalone nutrient compound feed can improve the bait coefficient, the weight gain rate, the immunocompetence and the like of abalone and effectively reduce the large-scale abalone culture cost when being used for abalone culture.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an abalone nutrition compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide, which comprises the following raw materials of 10-15 parts by weight of peanut meal, 10-15 parts by weight of wheat germ, 5-10 parts by weight of fish meal, 15-30 parts by weight of glue additive, 20-25 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 1-2 parts by weight of small peptide, 3-5 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 1-2 parts by weight of fish oil, 1-2 parts by weight of compound vitamin and 2-3 parts by weight of compound mineral salt.
Preferably, the gum additives include kelp, laver, and spirulina.
More preferably, the gel additive comprises 5-10 parts by weight of kelp, 5-10 parts by weight of laver and 5-10 parts by weight of spirulina.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the abalone nutrient compound feed, which comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, pressing, curing and drying.
Preferably, the raw materials are mixed by the following steps: firstly, mixing peanut meal, wheat germ, fish meal, compound vitamins, compound mineral salt, xylo-oligosaccharide and small peptide to obtain a first mixture; adding the glue additive, sodium alginate and fish oil into the first mixture to obtain a second mixture.
The invention also provides application of the abalone nutrient compound feed in abalone culture, for example, feeding the abalone nutrient compound feed for 1 time in the afternoon every day, wherein the feeding is carried out according to 2-3% of the weight of the abalone every time.
Preferably, the feeding is carried out at a time of 2.5% of the abalone weight.
The abalone nutrient compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide provided by the preferred embodiment of the invention and the preparation method and the application thereof have the beneficial effects that:
(1) the abalone nutritional compound feed in the preferred embodiment of the invention takes peanut meal, wheat germ powder and fish meal as protein sources, combines animal protein and plant protein, can comprehensively improve the variety and content of amino acids in protein source raw materials after scientific compatibility, improves the synergistic effect of food calling and nutritional value, and has a use effect comparable to that of a tyrosine protein source. And the cost can be greatly reduced compared with that of a tyrosine protein source, so that the large-scale abalone culture cost is favorably reduced.
(2) The xylo-oligosaccharide is used as a functional oligosaccharide additive, has the characteristics of high stability and difficult degradation by digestive enzyme in the scheme of the invention, can obviously proliferate bifidobacterium, inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in organisms, improve the immunity of the organisms, reduce the feed conversion rate and promote the growth of abalone, and is an ideal additive for non-antibiotic healthy culture.
(3) The abalone nutrient compound feed in the preferred embodiment of the invention is based on the basic material requirements of abalone growth, and the formula of the compound vitamins and mineral salts is scientifically designed, and all components are mutually cooperated and supplemented, thereby being beneficial to maintaining the homeostasis of an animal body and enhancing the efficacy of xylo-oligosaccharide.
(4) The preparation method is simple, the feed is strong in stability, the flaky feed can be softened after being put into water, the shape and the nutrient components of the flaky feed can be kept stable in water, the condition controllability is good, the price is low, and the flaky feed has a good application prospect.
(5) The abalone nutrient compound feed is used for abalone culture, can improve the bait coefficient, the weight gain rate, the immunocompetence and the like of abalones, and effectively reduces the large-scale abalone culture cost.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The abalone nutrient compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide and the preparation method and application thereof of the embodiment of the invention are specifically explained below.
The raw materials of the abalone nutrient compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide provided by the embodiment of the invention comprise 10-15 parts by weight of peanut meal, 10-15 parts by weight of wheat germ, 5-10 parts by weight of fish meal, 15-30 parts by weight of glue additive, 20-25 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 1-2 parts by weight of small peptide, 3-5 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 1-2 parts by weight of fish oil, 1-2 parts by weight of compound vitamin and 2-3 parts by weight of compound mineral salt.
Preferably, the gel additives include kelp, laver and spirulina. Specifically, the glue additive comprises 5-10 parts by weight of kelp, 5-10 parts by weight of laver and 5-10 parts by weight of spirulina.
Further, the raw materials comprise 12-13 parts by weight of peanut meal, 12-13 parts by weight of wheat germ, 7-8 parts by weight of fish meal, 20-25 parts by weight of glue additive, 22-23 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 1.2-1.8 parts by weight of small peptide, 3.5-4.5 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 1.2-1.8 parts by weight of fish oil, 1.2-1.8 parts by weight of vitamin complex and 2.2-2.8 parts by weight of complex mineral salt.
The glue additive comprises 6-8 parts by weight of kelp, 7-8 parts by weight of laver and 7-9 parts by weight of spirulina.
Furthermore, the raw materials comprise 12.5 parts by weight of peanut meal, 12.5 parts by weight of wheat germ, 7.5 parts by weight of fish meal, 22.5 parts by weight of glue additive, 22.5 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 1.5 parts by weight of small peptide, 4 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 1.5 parts by weight of fish oil, 1.5 parts by weight of vitamin complex and 2.5 parts by weight of complex mineral salt.
The gel additive comprises 7 parts by weight of kelp, 7.5 parts by weight of laver and 8 parts by weight of spirulina.
Wherein, the fish meal contains a plurality of unsaturated amino acids which are indispensable in the growth process of the abalone, and also contains a plurality of low molecular weight flavor components. The invention can effectively improve the food calling property and palatability of the feed by adding a small amount of fish meal, thereby improving the food intake and the nutritive value.
The peanut meal has high nutritive value, the arginine content is up to 5.2 percent, and the metabolic energy of the peanut meal is the highest in meal feed. The content of lysine in the wheat germ powder is up to 1.9 percent, and the wheat germ powder has good amino acid balancing effect. In the embodiment of the invention, the peanut meal and the wheat germ powder are selected as the plant protein source in the feed, so that the requirements of abalone on arginine and lysine can be met, and the growth of abalone is effectively promoted. And the two components can replace fish meal as a main protein source under the proportion in the scheme, so that the feed cost is reduced.
In conclusion, after the fish meal serving as an animal protein source, the peanut meal serving as a plant protein source and the wheat germ powder are scientifically combined, the variety and the content of amino acids in the protein source raw materials can be comprehensively improved, the food calling and nutritive value synergistic effects are improved, the using effect can be comparable to that of a tyrosine protein source, the cost can be greatly reduced compared with that of the tyrosine protein source, and the large-scale abalone culture cost is favorably reduced.
The xylo-oligosaccharide is mainly used as a functional oligosaccharide additive in the abalone nutrient compound feed provided by the embodiment of the invention, has higher stability, is not easily degraded by digestive enzymes, can obviously proliferate bifidobacteria in abalone bodies and inhibit harmful bacteria from growing, and can replace antibiotics, live bacteria probiotics and acidifier for use.
The kelp, the laver and the spirulina are jointly used as the glue additives, the demand of abalone growth on algae food can be met, simultaneously, the stability of the feed can be improved, the feed can be rapidly softened in water, the shape change and the nutrient loss cannot occur, and the kelp, the laver and the spirulina have the effects of nutrition, attraction and adhesion.
The sodium alginate is used as sugar source in feed, and can improve feed conversion rate and protein utilization rate. The small peptide can promote the mineral absorption of the abalone in the feed. The fish oil can increase the fishy smell of the feed and improve the food calling of the feed.
Optionally, the compound vitamins in the abalone nutritional compound feed of the embodiment of the present invention may include, for example, vitamin a, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, biotin, thiamine, vitamin B2And vitamin B6。
Preferably, each kg of abalone nutrient compound feed contains800-1200IU of vitamin A, 600-1000IU of vitamin D, 40-80mg of vitamin E, 8-12mg of vitamin K, 0.3-0.7mg of biotin, 45-55mg of thiamine, 58-64mg of vitamin B2And 40-50mg vitamin B6。
More preferably, each kg of abalone nutritional compound feed contains 1000IU of vitamin A, 800IU of vitamin D, 60mg of vitamin E, 10mg of vitamin K, 0.5mg of biotin, 50mg of thiamine and 61mg of vitamin B2And 45mg of vitamin B6。
Alternatively, the complex mineral salts in the nutritional compound feed for abalone in the examples of the present invention may include, for example, choline, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, inorganic zinc, and inorganic iron.
Preferably, each kg of the abalone nutrient compound feed contains 900-980mg of choline, 20-30mg of pantothenic acid, 45-55mg of nicotinic acid, 5-15g of monopotassium phosphate, 30-40mg of inorganic zinc and 35-45mg of inorganic iron.
More preferably, each kg of the abalone nutrient compound feed contains 940mg of choline, 25mg of pantothenic acid, 50mg of nicotinic acid, 10g of monopotassium phosphate, 35mg of inorganic zinc and 40mg of inorganic iron.
On the basis, by adding the compound vitamins and compound mineral salts into the abalone nutrient compound feed, the essential substances required for maintaining the normal growth and development of the abalones can be effectively supplemented, the homeostasis of the abalone body is maintained, and the efficacy of xylooligosaccharide is enhanced.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides a preparation method of the abalone nutrient compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide, which mainly comprises the following steps: mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, pressing, curing and drying.
Specifically, the raw materials can be mixed according to the following steps: firstly, mixing peanut meal, wheat germ, fish meal, compound vitamins, compound mineral salts and xylo-oligosaccharide to obtain a first mixture; adding the glue additive, sodium alginate and fish oil into the first mixture to obtain a second mixture.
Firstly, mixing the raw materials of peanut meal, wheat germ, fish meal, compound vitamins, compound mineral salts, xylo-oligosaccharide and small peptides as main nutritional ingredients, and fully mixing the raw materials to obtain a first mixture with uniform tissue and nutrition; the glue additive, the sodium alginate and the fish oil are added into the first mixture and mixed to obtain a second mixture which can be fully bonded on the surface of the first mixture, so that stable slice feed can be manufactured, and the feed is not easy to disperse after being soaked in water when fed. The second mixture thus obtained not only ensures particle size but also improves digestibility of the abalone to the feed.
Wherein, in the mixing process of the peanut meal, the wheat germ, the fish meal, the compound vitamin, the compound mineral salt, the xylo-oligosaccharide and the small peptide, water is also added, and the proportion relationship of the water and the total weight of the seven raw materials is 15-25 mL: 1g, preferably 20 mL: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
Preferably, the first mixture is obtained by stirring the seven raw materials and water under the stirring condition of 80-100 r/min.
In order to improve the mixing effect, before the raw materials are mixed, the wheat germ and the glue additive can be preferably crushed to obtain powder, so that the contact and reaction area between the wheat germ and other raw materials is improved, and a feed finished product with better mouthfeel is obtained. Wherein the pulverized wheat germ powder can be sieved with 80-100 mesh sieve.
Further, the pressing is to press the second mixture into a sheet shape. Preferably, the thickness of the second mixture after pressing is 0.4-0.6 mm. To accommodate the feeding habit of abalone, the second mixture is preferably compressed into round flakes, which may be, for example, 8-12mm in diameter.
Specifically, the second mixture is rolled to a thickness of 0.4-0.6mm and then formed into circular flakes in a mold having a diameter of 8-12 mm.
Preferably, in the embodiment of the present invention, the curing is performed by heating at 115-125 ℃ and under a vapor pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa for 50-70min, preferably at 120 ℃ and under a vapor pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa for 60 min. Specifically, the pressed round slices are placed in a steam curing cylinder, steam is input, and curing is carried out at the temperature and the steam pressure.
Preferably, the drying in the embodiments of the invention is carried out at 25-30 ℃ to remove excess moisture from the nutritional compound feed for abalone. Preferably, the water content of the dried abalone nutritional compound feed does not exceed 8 wt%.
Further, the dried abalone nutritional compound feed can be cooled at the temperature of 10-30 ℃ so as to be convenient for packaging, transportation, storage and use.
In addition, the embodiment of the invention also provides application of the abalone nutrient compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide in abalone culture, for example, the abalone nutrient compound feed is fed for 1 time every day (after sunset afternoon), the feed is fed according to 2-3% of the weight of the abalone every time, and the residual feed is taken out in the next morning. Preferably, the feed is made at 2.5% of the abalone weight each time to meet the most suitable growth requirement of abalone.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
Mixing and stirring 10 parts by weight of peanut meal, 10 parts by weight of wheat germ, 5 parts by weight of fish meal, 1 part by weight of vitamin complex, 2 parts by weight of complex mineral salt, 3 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 1 part by weight of small peptide and water at the condition of 90r/min to obtain a first mixture. Wherein, the proportion relationship of water and the total weight of the seven raw materials is 20 mL: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
And adding 15 parts by weight of gelatin additive, 20 parts by weight of sodium alginate and 1 part by weight of fish oil into the first mixture to obtain a second mixture. Wherein the gel additive comprises 5 parts by weight of kelp, 5 parts by weight of laver and 5 parts by weight of spirulina.
The second mixture was rolled to a thickness of 0.5mm and then formed into circular sheets in a mold having a diameter of 10 mm. Then placing the pressed round slice in a steam curing cylinder, inputting steam, and heating at 120 deg.C and steam pressure of 0.35Mpa for 60 min. And then, drying at 25 ℃ until the water content in the dried abalone nutrient compound feed is 5 wt% to obtain the abalone nutrient compound feed.
Each kg of the abalone nutritional compound feed contains 800IU of vitamin A, 600IU of vitamin D, 40mg of vitamin E, 8mg of vitamin K,0.3mg biotin, 45mg thiamine, 58mg vitamin B2And 40mg of vitamin B6。
Each kg of the abalone nutrient compound feed contains 900mg of choline, 20mg of pantothenic acid, 45mg of nicotinic acid, 5g of monopotassium phosphate, 30mg of inorganic zinc and 35mg of inorganic iron.
Example 2
Mixing and stirring 15 parts by weight of peanut meal, 15 parts by weight of wheat germ, 10 parts by weight of fish meal, 2 parts by weight of vitamin complex, 3 parts by weight of complex mineral salt, 5 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 2 parts by weight of small peptide and water at the condition of 90r/min to obtain a first mixture. Wherein, the proportion relationship of water and the total weight of the seven raw materials is 20 mL: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
And adding 30 parts by weight of gelatin additive, 25 parts by weight of sodium alginate and 2 parts by weight of fish oil into the first mixture to obtain a second mixture. Wherein the gel additive comprises 10 parts by weight of kelp, 10 parts by weight of laver and 10 parts by weight of spirulina.
The second mixture was rolled to a thickness of 0.5mm and then formed into circular sheets in a mold having a diameter of 10 mm. Then placing the pressed round slice in a steam curing cylinder, inputting steam, and heating at 120 deg.C and steam pressure of 0.35Mpa for 60 min. And then, drying at 25 ℃ until the water content in the dried abalone nutrient compound feed is 5 wt% to obtain the abalone nutrient compound feed.
Each kg of the abalone nutritional compound feed contains 1200IU of vitamin A, 1000IU of vitamin D, 80mg of vitamin E, 12mg of vitamin K, 0.7mg of biotin, 55mg of thiamine and 64mg of vitamin B2And 50mg of vitamin B6。
Each kg of the abalone nutrient compound feed contains 980mg of choline, 30mg of pantothenic acid, 55mg of nicotinic acid, 15g of monopotassium phosphate, 40mg of inorganic zinc and 45mg of inorganic iron.
Example 3
Mixing and stirring 12 parts by weight of peanut meal, 13 parts by weight of wheat germ, 7 parts by weight of fish meal, 1.2 parts by weight of vitamin complex, 2.8 parts by weight of compound mineral salt, 3.5 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 1.8 parts by weight of small peptide and water at the condition of 90r/min to obtain a first mixture. Wherein, the proportion relationship of water and the total weight of the seven raw materials is 20 mL: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
And adding 25 parts by weight of gelatin additive, 22 parts by weight of sodium alginate and 1.8 parts by weight of fish oil into the first mixture to obtain a second mixture. Wherein the gel additive comprises 8 parts by weight of kelp, 8 parts by weight of laver and 9 parts by weight of spirulina.
The second mixture was rolled to a thickness of 0.5mm and then formed into circular sheets in a mold having a diameter of 10 mm. Then placing the pressed round slice in a steam curing cylinder, inputting steam, and heating at 120 deg.C and steam pressure of 0.35Mpa for 60 min. And then, drying at 25 ℃ until the water content in the dried abalone nutrient compound feed is 5 wt% to obtain the abalone nutrient compound feed.
Each kg of the abalone nutritional compound feed contains 900IU of vitamin A, 700IU of vitamin D, 50mg of vitamin E, 9mg of vitamin K, 0.4mg of biotin, 47.5mg of thiamine and 60mg of vitamin B2And 44mg of vitamin B6。
Each kg of the abalone nutrient compound feed contains 920mg of choline, 24mg of pantothenic acid, 47.5mg of nicotinic acid, 8g of monopotassium phosphate, 34mg of inorganic zinc and 38mg of inorganic iron.
Example 4
Mixing and stirring 13 parts by weight of peanut meal, 12 parts by weight of wheat germ, 8 parts by weight of fish meal, 1.8 parts by weight of vitamin complex, 2.2 parts by weight of complex mineral salt, 4.5 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 1.2 parts by weight of small peptide and water at the condition of 90r/min to obtain a first mixture. Wherein, the proportion relationship of water and the total weight of the seven raw materials is 20 mL: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
And adding 20 parts by weight of gelatin additive, 23 parts by weight of sodium alginate and 1.2 parts by weight of fish oil into the first mixture to obtain a second mixture. Wherein the gel additive comprises 6 parts by weight of kelp, 7 parts by weight of laver and 7 parts by weight of spirulina.
The second mixture was rolled to a thickness of 0.5mm and then formed into circular sheets in a mold having a diameter of 10 mm. Then placing the pressed round slice in a steam curing cylinder, inputting steam, and heating at 120 deg.C and steam pressure of 0.35Mpa for 60 min. And then, drying at 25 ℃ until the water content in the dried abalone nutrient compound feed is 5 wt% to obtain the abalone nutrient compound feed.
Each kg of the abalone nutritional compound feed contains 1100IU of vitamin A, 900IU of vitamin D, 70mg of vitamin E, 11mg of vitamin K, 0.6mg of biotin, 52.5mg of thiamine and 62mg of vitamin B2And 46mg of vitamin B6。
Each kg of the abalone nutrient compound feed contains 960mg of choline, 26mg of pantothenic acid, 52.5mg of nicotinic acid, 12g of monopotassium phosphate, 36mg of inorganic zinc and 42mg of inorganic iron.
Example 5
Mixing and stirring 12.5 parts by weight of peanut meal, 12.5 parts by weight of wheat germ, 7.5 parts by weight of fish meal, 1.5 parts by weight of vitamin complex, 2.5 parts by weight of compound mineral salt, 4 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 1.5 parts by weight of small peptide and water at the condition of 90r/min to obtain a first mixture. Wherein, the proportion relationship of water and the total weight of the seven raw materials is 20 mL: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
And adding 22.5 parts by weight of the gelatin additive, 22.5 parts by weight of sodium alginate and 1.5 parts by weight of fish oil into the first mixture to obtain a second mixture. Wherein the glue additive comprises 7 weight parts of kelp, 7.5 weight parts of laver and 8 weight parts of spirulina.
The second mixture was rolled to a thickness of 0.5mm and then formed into circular sheets in a mold having a diameter of 10 mm. Then placing the pressed round slice in a steam curing cylinder, inputting steam, and heating at 120 deg.C and steam pressure of 0.35Mpa for 60 min. And then, drying at 25 ℃ until the water content in the dried abalone nutrient compound feed is 5 wt% to obtain the abalone nutrient compound feed.
Each kg of the abalone nutritional compound feed contains 1000IU of vitamin A, 800IU of vitamin D and 60mg of vitaminVitamin E, 10mg of vitamin K, 0.5mg of biotin, 50mg of thiamine, and 61mg of vitamin B2And 45mg of vitamin B6。
Each kg of the abalone nutrient compound feed contains 940mg of choline, 25mg of pantothenic acid, 50mg of nicotinic acid, 10g of monopotassium phosphate, 35mg of inorganic zinc and 40mg of inorganic iron.
Example 6
Mixing and stirring 15 parts by weight of peanut meal, 15 parts by weight of wheat germ, 5 parts by weight of fish meal, 3 parts by weight of vitamin complex, 2 parts by weight of complex mineral salt, 5 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 1.5 parts by weight of small peptide and water at the condition of 90r/min to obtain a first mixture. Wherein, the proportion relationship of water and the total weight of the seven raw materials is 20 mL: 1g of the total weight of the composition.
And adding 30 parts by weight of gelatin additive, 25 parts by weight of sodium alginate and 2 parts by weight of fish oil into the first mixture to obtain a second mixture. Wherein the gel additive comprises 10 parts by weight of kelp, 10 parts by weight of laver and 10 parts by weight of spirulina.
The second mixture was rolled to a thickness of 0.5mm and then formed into circular sheets in a mold having a diameter of 10 mm. Then placing the pressed round slice in a steam curing cylinder, inputting steam, and heating at 120 deg.C and steam pressure of 0.35Mpa for 60 min. And then, drying at 25 ℃ until the water content in the dried abalone nutrient compound feed is 5 wt% to obtain the abalone nutrient compound feed.
Each kg of the abalone nutritional compound feed contains 1000IU of vitamin A, 800IU of vitamin D, 60mg of vitamin E, 10mg of vitamin K, 0.5mg of biotin, 50mg of thiamine and 61mg of vitamin B2And 45mg of vitamin B6。
Each kg of the abalone nutrient compound feed contains 940mg of choline, 25mg of pantothenic acid, 50mg of nicotinic acid, 10g of monopotassium phosphate, 35mg of inorganic zinc and 40mg of inorganic iron.
Example 7
This example differs from example 6 in that: before mixing the raw materials, the wheat germ and the glue additive are crushed to obtain powder. Wherein, the wheat germ powder obtained by crushing is sieved by a sieve of 80 meshes.
The first mixture is prepared by mixing water with seven raw materials including peanut meal, wheat germ, fish meal, compound vitamins, compound mineral salts, xylo-oligosaccharide and small peptides, wherein the total weight of the seven raw materials is 15 mL: 1g of the mixture is stirred and mixed under the condition of 80r/min to obtain the product.
Pressing is performed by rolling the second mixture to a thickness of 0.4mm and then forming circular sheets in a mold having a diameter of 8 mm. Curing is carried out by placing the pressed round sheet in a steam curing cylinder, introducing steam, and heating at 115 deg.C under 0.3Mpa for 70 min. The drying is carried out at the temperature of 28 ℃, and the water content in the dried abalone nutrition compound feed is 8 wt%.
Example 8
This example differs from example 6 in that: before mixing the raw materials, the wheat germ and the glue additive are crushed to obtain powder. Wherein, the wheat germ powder obtained by crushing is sieved by a 100-mesh sieve.
The first mixture is prepared by mixing water with seven raw materials including peanut meal, wheat germ, fish meal, compound vitamins, compound mineral salts, xylo-oligosaccharide and small peptides, wherein the total weight of the seven raw materials is 25 mL: 1g of the mixture is stirred and mixed under the condition of 100r/min to obtain the product.
Pressing is performed by rolling the second mixture to a thickness of 0.6mm and then forming circular sheets in a mold with a diameter of 12 mm. Curing is carried out by placing the pressed round sheet in a steam curing cylinder, introducing steam, and heating at 125 deg.C and 0.4Mpa for 50 min. The drying is carried out at 30 ℃, and the water content in the dried abalone nutrition compound feed is 6 wt%.
Example 9
The embodiment provides an application of the abalone nutrient compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide provided in the embodiment 1-8, and specifically, the abalone nutrient compound feed is fed for 1 time every afternoon and afternoon, the feed is fed according to 2% of the weight of the abalone every time, and the residual feed is taken out in the next morning.
Example 10
This example differs from example 9 in that: the feed is added according to 3 percent of the weight of the abalone each time.
Example 11
This example differs from example 9 in that: the feed is added according to 2.5 percent of the weight of the abalone every time.
Test example 1
The above examples 1-8 were repeated to obtain a sufficient amount of nutrient compound feed for abalone. Choose for use that the outward appearance is good, 300 crinkle disco abalone that weight (wet weight), length are close, divide into 5 groups at random, and 3 parallel groups are respectively done to every group, and 20 abalones of every group number each group abalone according to the group, measure simultaneously and note the biggest length (the shell length L of each abalone)S) And body weight (W)B)。
The control group was fed with fresh kelp or asparagus, and the test group was fed with the feed in the respective components shown in table 1. The culture period is 90 days, feeding 2 hr after sunset, the feeding amount is 2.5% of the weight of abalone, taking out the bait 8 days next, cleaning feces, counting the feeding amount and food intake of each feed, and calculating the Feed Coefficient (FCR)1) Bait casting coefficient (FCR)2) The Weight Gain Ratio (WGR) and the daily shell growth (DISL) are calculated as follows:
(1) food intake (g) ═ amount of (amount of feed-amount of feed x dissolution rate) -amount of residual feed (dry basis);
(2)FCR1feed intake/weight gain of abalone;
(3)FCR2feeding amount/abalone weight increment;
(4) WGR ═ (abalone weight gain/initial weight of abalone) × 100%;
(5) dist ═ shell growth/days of culture × 100%.
At the end of the test period, 5 abalone were randomly picked up from each group, blood was taken from the heart into which abalone was inserted with a syringe, stored at 4 ℃, and a part of the blood was examined for the total number of leukocytes and the phagocytosis rate of leukocytes in 24 hours. A part of the blood was aspirated and placed in an Eppendorf tube, and centrifuged at 10000r/min overnight at 4 ℃ for 10min, and serum was aspirated under aseptic conditions to measure lysozyme activity and complement activity of the serum, and the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
Table 1 test groups of daily ration ingredients and parts by weight
TABLE 2 comparison of growth performance and feed factor for different treatment groups
As can be seen from table 2, both the control group and the test group can satisfy the growth requirements of abalone, but compared with the control group, the abalone feed intake, growth conditions and survival rate of the test group are all obviously improved.
Compared with the test group 1 and the test group 2, the feeding effect of the composite protein source selected from peanut meal, wheat germ powder and fish meal is similar to that of the fish meal, and the cost advantage is achieved although the effect of the fish meal protein source group cannot be completely achieved.
Compared with the test group 2 and the test group 4, the addition of xylooligosaccharide in the feed can effectively promote the ingestion and growth of abalone, and the bait coefficient, the weight gain rate and the daily growth of shells are obviously improved.
Through contrast test group 3 and test group 4, add xylo-oligosaccharide and multivitamin and mineral salt in the fodder simultaneously, can more effectively improve the bait coefficient of abalone, rate of increase of weight and shell day increase, it is seen that multivitamin and mineral salt have synergistic action with xylo-oligosaccharide.
TABLE 3 non-specific immune index for different treatment groups
As can be seen from Table 3, compared with test groups 1 and 2 and test groups 3 and 4, the abalone feed added with xylo-oligosaccharide can effectively improve the lysozyme activity and complement activity of abalone serum and the total leukocyte and leukocyte phagocytosis rate in blood, and the nonspecific immunity of abalone bodies is obviously improved. Compared with the test group 3 and the test group 4, the effect of simultaneously adding xylooligosaccharide, compound vitamin and mineral salt is more obvious, the compound vitamin, the mineral salt and the xylooligosaccharide have a synergistic effect, and the nonspecific immunity of abalone bodies can be effectively improved after matching.
Test example 2
The control groups 1-4 were set, and the composition of the daily ration for the control groups 1-4 is shown in table 4. The xylo-oligosaccharide-containing abalone nutritional compound feeds of examples 1 to 8 and control groups 1 to 4 were tested in the test manner of test example 1, and the influence of the raw materials on the growth performance, feed coefficient and nonspecific immunity index of abalone was compared at different ratios.
TABLE 4 daily ration ingredients and parts by weight
The results show that:
the abalone nutrition compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide obtained in the first embodiment, the first embodiment and the second embodiment and the control group 1 to 4 can promote the ingestion and the growth of abalone to a certain extent, improve the feed coefficient, the weight gain rate and the daily increase of shells, and simultaneously can improve the lysozyme activity of abalone serum, the complement activity, the total number of white blood cells in blood and the phagocytosis rate of white blood cells.
The beneficial effects of the control groups 1-4 on abalone are less than those of the examples 1-8, which shows that the optimal proportioning range of the raw materials is in the range covered by the examples 1-8.
(III) for examples 1-6, the beneficial effects on abalone are shown in the following order, from large to small, in example 5, examples 3-4, example 6, and examples 1-2. It can be seen that the same raw materials have different effects on abalone in different proportions, wherein the proportion in example 5 is the best.
(IV) as for examples 6-8, the beneficial effects on abalone are shown in examples 6 and 7-8 from big to small, which shows that the preparation process of example 6 is better than the preparation processes of examples 7-8, and the prepared abalone feed is more beneficial to the growth demand of abalone.
In conclusion, the abalone nutrient compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide provided by the invention can meet the basic nutrient requirements of abalone growth, has a good feeding attraction effect, can increase the feed intake of abalone, improves the feed conversion rate and reduces residual feed; effectively enhance the nonspecific immunity of the abalone, reduce the probability of disease outbreak and death of the abalone and reduce the use of antibiotic medicaments. The preparation method is simple, has good condition controllability and is suitable for industrial production. The feed additive is used for abalone culture, can improve the bait coefficient, the weight gain rate, the immunocompetence and the like of abalone, and effectively reduces the large-scale abalone culture cost.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. An abalone nutrition compound feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide is characterized in that the raw materials comprise 10-15 parts by weight of peanut meal, 10-15 parts by weight of wheat germ, 5-10 parts by weight of fish meal, 15-30 parts by weight of glue additive, 20-25 parts by weight of sodium alginate, 1-2 parts by weight of small peptide, 3-5 parts by weight of xylo-oligosaccharide, 1-2 parts by weight of fish oil, 1-2 parts by weight of compound vitamin and 2-3 parts by weight of compound mineral salt;
the glue additive comprises 5-10 parts by weight of kelp, 5-10 parts by weight of laver and 5-10 parts by weight of spirulina;
each kg of the abalone nutrient compound feed contains 800-1200IU vitaminVitamin A, 600-1000IU vitamin D, 40-80mg vitamin E, 8-12mg vitamin K, 0.3-0.7mg biotin, 45-55mg thiamine, 58-64mg vitamin B2And 40-50mg vitamin B6；
Each kg of the abalone nutrient compound feed contains 900-980mg of choline, 20-30mg of pantothenic acid, 45-55mg of nicotinic acid, 5-15g of monopotassium phosphate, 30-40mg of inorganic zinc and 35-45mg of inorganic iron.
2. An abalone nutritional formula feed containing xylo-oligosaccharide according to claim 1, characterised in that it contains 1000IU of said vitamin a, 800IU of said vitamin D, 60mg of said vitamin E, 10mg of said vitamin K, 0.5mg of said biotin, 50mg of said thiamine, 61mg of said vitamin B per kg of said abalone nutritional formula feed2And 45mg of said vitamin B6。
3. The abalone nutritional formula feed containing xylooligosaccharide according to claim 1, characterized in that 940mg of said choline, 25mg of said pantothenic acid, 50mg of said nicotinic acid, 10g of said monopotassium phosphate, 35mg of said inorganic zinc and 40mg of said inorganic iron are contained per kg of said abalone nutritional formula feed.
4. A process for the preparation of a xylo-oligosaccharide-containing abalone nutritional formula feed as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of: mixing the raw materials according to the proportion, pressing, curing and drying.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the starting materials are mixed by: firstly, mixing the peanut meal, the wheat germ, the fish meal, the compound vitamin, the compound mineral salt, the xylo-oligosaccharide and the small peptide to obtain a first mixture; and adding the glue additive, the sodium alginate and the fish oil into the first mixture to obtain a second mixture.
6. The production method according to claim 5, wherein the pressing is pressing the second mixture into a sheet shape;
the second mixture after pressing has a thickness of 0.4-0.6mm and/or a diameter of 8-12 mm.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the aging is carried out by heating at 115-125 ℃ under a vapor pressure of 0.3-0.4MPa for 50-70 min.
8. The method according to claim 4, wherein the drying is carried out at 25 to 30 ℃;
the water content in the dried abalone nutrition compound feed is not more than 8 wt%.
9. The method of claim 4, wherein the wheat germ and the gum additive are pulverized before mixing the raw materials.
10. The use of a xylo-oligosaccharide-containing abalone nutritional formula feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in abalone culture, wherein said abalone nutritional formula feed is fed 1 time per day, each time by feeding 2 to 3% of the abalone weight.
11. Use according to claim 10 wherein the feed is administered at a rate of 2.5% of the weight of abalone each time.
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