JP2015159729A - Feed for abalone culture, method for producing feed for abalone culture, device for abalone culture, method for abalone culture, and method for treating waste algae - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To inexpensively culture abalones by enabling algae which are waste to be utilized as a material of feed for abalone culture.SOLUTION: A method for producing feed for abalone culture comprises: solubilizing alginic acid compound in algae including brown algae, before, during, or after crushing the algae, by using sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium hydroxide; crushing the waste algae to obtain algae paste; molding the algae paste to obtain a thin, long sheet-like or string-like molding; immersing the molding in calcium chloride aqueous solution and solidifying the alginic acid contained therein; and feeding the obtained product to cultured abalones as feed for abalone culture.

Description

  The present invention relates to an abalone culture feed, an abalone culture feed production method, an abalone culture device, an abalone culture method, and a waste algae It relates to a processing method.

  At present, abalone is artificially cultivated using a large aquarium. Since abalone has different types and amounts of food depending on the growth stage, the abalone culture method will be briefly described below according to the growth stage of abalone.

  First of all, abalone at the stage of juvenile shells (shell length 1-5mm) hangs and installs a synthetic resin flooring plate with diatoms and urbella sp green algae (diatoms, etc.) attached on the flooring plate. Abalone larvae are allowed to grow, and the abalone larvae are allowed to eat diatoms and the like attached to the floor plate.

  Abalone that has reached the stage of seedling release size or selection size (soaked seedling seedlings) of juvenile shellfish in general (soaked 20-30 mm) is a flat-plate or circular-shaped abalone aquaculture feed, It is sprayed around the shelter (top and bottom), and the sprayed mixed feed is eaten during the night feeding behavior.

  At this stage, the abalone-cultured mixed feed sprayed around the shelter dissolves in 1 to 2 days and deteriorates the water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to clean the water tank occasionally to keep the water quality clean.

  Abalone that has reached the stage of seedling release size or the selection size of the well-cultured seeds (so-called tobi seedlings) from the juvenile shellfish (20-30 mm long) gives a large amount of abalone aquaculture feed to promote growth .

  However, because abalone has a slow feeding behavior and is cultivated at high density, the ratio of abalone aquaculture feed is low, so a large amount of abalone aquaculture feed is abalone. There is a problem that it is left without being eaten, and the cost of the mixed feed for abalone culture is wasted.

  Also, if you leave a large amount of abalone aquaculture formula feed that was wasted as food, it will rot in the water and the water quality will deteriorate rapidly, so the water in the tank must be cleaned frequently There is also a problem.

Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-25334 Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-87755 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-189689

Makiko Tsuji et al. "Development of agglomerates for sea bream using seaweed paste-Preparation of seaweed paste without alginate extraction and its muddy water aggregation performance" Journal of Japanese Fisheries Society 74 (4), 688-693 (2008) Tomohiro Ueda, Takahiro Abe (2003): Development of new processing technology (5) Development of effective utilization technology of fishery processing residue (cultured feed etc.). Annual report of Iwate Prefectural Fisheries Technology Center, 121-126. Uki Nagahisa (1986): Dietary value of seaweeds occurring on the Pacific coast of Tohoku for growth of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Bull. Japn. Soc. Sci. Fish., 52 (2), 257-266.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in conventional abalone culture, a commercially available mixed feed is given as a bait, and therefore, it is very expensive to cultivate abalone.

  The abalone culture feed according to the present invention comprises a molded product obtained by molding a seaweed paste made of at least brown algae seaweed into an elongated sheet shape, and alginate and calcium contained in the molded product are combined to form a salt such as NaCl. The main feature is that it is eluted.

  Here, the seaweed paste may be only brown algae, may contain seaweeds other than brown algae, and may contain nutrient components such as plant proteins as necessary. However, considering the moldability (shape retention) of the molded product, it is preferable that the brown alga seaweed is contained in an amount of 50 wt% or more. The thickness of the molded product is preferably in the range of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm from the viewpoint of permeability.

  Moreover, as seaweeds of brown algae, for example, combs such as wakame, kombu, kurome, arame, and kajime, hijiki, and moss such as hijiki, yamatsukimok, yoremoku, and obamoku can be exemplified. Examples of seaweeds other than brown algae include spirulina (green algae), green algae such as human egusa, aosa, and anaoaosa, and red algae such as proboscis and maxa.

  The method for producing abalone farming feed according to the present invention uses a pasting step to obtain seaweed paste by crushing seaweed, and using sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium hydroxide before, during or after crushing the seaweed A solubilization step for solubilizing the alginic acid compound in the seaweed, a molding step for molding the seaweed paste to obtain a long sheet-shaped molded product, and the molded product is immersed in a calcium chloride aqueous solution. And a coagulation step for coagulating alginic acid, wherein the seaweed is characterized by containing at least brown algae.

  Here, the solubilization step may be performed by immersing the seaweed before crushing in an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium hydroxide, or carbonating the seaweed before crushing, during crushing or after crushing. Sodium, sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium hydroxide may be added.

  Moreover, you may provide the acid treatment process immersed in an acid aqueous solution before the said solubilization process as a process which softens the cell membrane of the seaweed of the said brown algae. As the acid, citric acid or any other acid that can be ingested by animals can be used.

  In addition, the seaweed paste may be only brown algae, may contain seaweeds other than brown algae, and may contain nutritional components such as fish meal as necessary. However, considering the moldability (shape retention) of the molded product, it is preferable that the brown alga seaweed is contained in an amount of 50 wt% or more. Further, the thickness of the molded product can be processed up to a maximum thickness of about 4 mm, but a range of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm is preferable for molding in a short time.

  The abalone culture apparatus according to the present invention includes a water tank containing seawater, a plurality of epidermis plates standing at predetermined intervals in the aquarium, and in contact with and / or the epidermis plate. The main feature is that the abalone culture feed is arranged in the vicinity of the green plate. Here, it is preferable to hang the abalone culture feed so as to hang down on the plate.

  In the abalone culture method according to the present invention, a plurality of epidermis plates are erected in an aquarium containing seawater, abalone is allowed to grow on the epidermis plate, and the abalone culture feed is used as the epidermis plate. The main feature is that the abalone feed is fed in contact with and / or in the vicinity of the seedling plate. In addition, the abalone culture method according to the present invention is effective for feeding because it is close to the shape of a seaweed leaf when the culture is mainly for large individuals.

  Here, it is preferable to hang the abalone culture feed so as to hang down on the plate. Moreover, it is preferable to change the combination of the raw material seaweed of the feed for abalone culture according to the abalone breeding time. Moreover, it is preferable to add a nutrient component required according to the abalone growth stage to the abalone culture feed.

  The seaweed treatment method according to the present invention solubilizes the alginic acid compound in the seaweed using sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium hydroxide before, during or after crushing the seaweed containing brown algae, The seaweed is crushed to obtain a seaweed paste, the seaweed paste is molded to obtain an elongated sheet-like or string-like molded product, the molded product is immersed in a calcium chloride aqueous solution to solidify the contained alginic acid, The most important feature is that the abalone culture feed is fed to the abalone culture.

  According to the present invention, the seaweed that is disposed of can be used as a raw material for abalone feed, so that the economic burden of purchasing a mixed feed for abalone culture is reduced, and therefore abalone is cultured at low cost. There is an advantage that you can.

  In the present invention, since a plurality of seedling plates are erected at predetermined intervals in an abalone aquaculture tank, the abalone larvae that grow on the seedling plates are three-dimensionally placed in the tank. Can be dispersed and inhabited, and the space in the aquarium can be used three-dimensionally for abalone culture, so that more abalone can be efficiently cultivated with a limited installation area of the aquarium There is an advantage that you can.

  Further, the present invention uses a seaweed that is difficult to use alone as an abalone culture feed alone in terms of nutritional balance, and is used as a raw material for the abalone culture feed in combination of a plurality of species. Therefore, there is an advantage that abalone can be stably cultivated throughout the year using seaweed as a raw material for abalone culture feed.

  In addition, since the present invention can use the seaweed to be disposed of as a raw material for abalone feed, a large amount of seaweed that has conventionally only been disposed of by incineration, such as incineration, can be disposed of at low cost. There is an advantage that you can.

FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an example of a method for producing abalone farming feed. FIG. 2 is a process diagram showing another example of a method for producing abalone culture feed. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an example of an abalone culture apparatus. FIG. 4 is an explanatory view showing another example of the abalone farming apparatus. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the survival rate of black abalone in each feed section. FIG. 6 is a graph showing the survival rate for each combination of feed experiments.

  The purpose of abalone aquaculture at the lowest possible cost has been achieved without hindering the growth of abalone by the simple method of using the seaweed to be discarded as a raw material for abalone aquaculture feed.

  FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing an example of a method for producing abalone farming feed. Hereinafter, an example of a method for producing abalone farming feed will be described with reference to this process chart.

(1) Preparation of raw materials Wakame and Anaaaosa were prepared as raw material seaweed for abalone culture feed, and these seaweeds were washed with water to remove the attached salt. Here, wakame was prepared as a seaweed of brown algae, and Anaaaosa was prepared as a seaweed other than brown algae. Wakame used stems that were generally discarded. Wakame and Anaaaosa were undried.

(2) Acid treatment step An aqueous citric acid solution having a concentration of 5% was prepared, and the wakame stalk prepared in (1) above was immersed in the aqueous citric acid solution for 3 hours. Here, the reason why the wakame stalk was immersed in the citric acid aqueous solution was to facilitate solubilization of the alginic acid compound contained in the wakame stalk in the following solubilization step (3).

(3) Solubilization step A sodium carbonate aqueous solution having a concentration of 1% was prepared, and the wakame stalks subjected to the acid treatment step (2) were immersed in this sodium carbonate aqueous solution for 1 hour. By this step, alginic acid compounds such as calcium alginate and magnesium alginate contained in the stalk of seaweed become water-soluble sodium alginate.

(4) Pasting step The wakame stalk that had undergone the solubilization step of (3) above and the Anaaosa prepared in (1) above were placed in a food processor and crushed together to obtain a seaweed paste. Here, the ratio of wakame stalk to anaaaosa was 55:45 by weight.

(5) Molding process The seaweed paste obtained in the pasting process of (4) above was molded into an elongated sheet using a pasta noodle making machine to obtain an elongated sheet. The thickness of the molded product was 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.

(6) Solidification step A calcium chloride aqueous solution having a concentration of 5% was prepared, and the molded product obtained in the molding step (5) was immersed in the aqueous calcium chloride solution. By soaking in the aqueous calcium chloride solution, the sodium alginate contained in the molded product is changed to insoluble calcium alginate, and the molded product is solidified. The molded product was taken out, washed with water, and dried to obtain an abalone farm feed.

  In the above embodiment, the undried seaweed was pulverized with a food processor. However, as shown in FIG. 2, the seaweed and anaaaosa were dried in the sun and then pulverized with a food processor, and then crushed with a pulverizer. Even if it was pulverized to 21 mm, sodium carbonate and calcium chloride were added, water was added and kneaded, formed into a plate shape, and dried, a similar abalone culture feed could be produced.

  Further, in the above embodiment, the alginic acid compound is solubilized by immersing the seaweed in an aqueous sodium carbonate solution before crushing the seaweed. However, even if sodium carbonate is added during or after crushing the seaweed, the alginate compound is the same. Could be solubilized. Moreover, although the alginic acid compound was solubilized using sodium carbonate, the same result was obtained even if it solubilized using sodium hydrogencarbonate or sodium hydroxide.

  FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing an example of an abalone culture apparatus. In the figure, seawater 10 is placed in a water tank (not shown). In the seawater 10, a plurality of epithelial plates 12 are erected at a predetermined interval. An abalone culture feed 14 in the form of an elongated sheet is hung on the dressing plate 12. Abalone aquaculture feed 14 is in contact with or near the growth plate 12.

  Seawater 10 in the water tank is circulated by a circulation pump (not shown), filtered by a filtration device (not shown), and kept at a constant temperature (15 to 20 ° C.) by a temperature control device (not shown).

  Abalone is cultured using this abalone culture device as follows. That is, first, the abalone 16 is caused to settle and indwell on the growth plate 12. Since abalone prefers dark and narrow places, it grows and inhabits between the growth plate 12 or between the growth plate 12 and the abalone culture feed 14.

  The abalone 16 eats the abalone culture feed 14 that is in contact with or near the epidermis 12 while moving on the surface of the epidermis 12 during the day or at night. Abalone 16 ate well abalone culture feed 14 having a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.

  As shown in FIG. 4, even if the abalone culture feed 14 is bundled in a bowl and hung along the growth plate 12, the abalone often eats the abalone culture feed 14. Moreover, even if the abalone culture feed formed by changing the combination of the raw seaweeds was given to the abalone, the abalone could be cultured. In addition, depending on the developmental stage of abalone, fish meal and other nutritional components necessary for abalone cultivation were added to the abalone cultivation feed, and good results were obtained.

  Moreover, you may hang what made the cut | interruption into the abalone culture feed 14, and made it into a warm rice bowl shape. If it does in this way, the opportunity in which the abalone and bait of both surfaces of the growth board 12 contact can be increased, without disturbing the water flow in the water tank 10. Moreover, you may make it hook on the edge of the water tank 10. FIG. If it does in this way, if the sheet-shaped abalone culture feed 14 is suspended, feeding and replacement of the feed will be facilitated. Moreover, when the distance of the growth plate 12 is separated, the abalone-cultivated feed 14 for abalone cultivation may be rounded and provided in a cylindrical shape.

  Next, the raw seaweed of the abalone culture feed is as shown in the left column of Table 1, abalone was cultured using the abalone culture method described in Example 2, and the abalone shell length and growth rate were examined. The shell length and growth rate of abalone fed with these abalone farming feeds were as shown in the right column of Table 1.

  Moreover, when the raw seaweed of the abalone culture feed is shown in the left column of Table 2, black abalone was cultured using the abalone culture method described in Example 2, and the shell length and growth rate of the abalone were examined. The shell length and growth rate of black abalone fed with these abalone farming feeds were as shown in the right column of Table 2.

  In addition, the raw seaweed of the abalone culture feed is as shown in the left column of Table 3, abalone is cultured using the abalone culture method described in Example 2, the growth of abalone shell length is examined, and wakame feeding As a result of examining the feeding effect of various seaweeds based on the growth of the shell length of the ward, the feeding effect of the abalone cultured with these abalone farming feeds was as shown in the right column of Table 3.

  In addition, the raw seaweed for abalone culture feed was variously changed as shown in FIG. 5, black abalone was cultured using the abalone culture method described in Example 2, and the survival rate of black abalone was determined. The survival rate of black abalone was as shown in FIG.

  In addition, the raw seaweed for abalone culture feed was variously changed as shown in FIG. 6, black abalone was cultured using the abalone culture method described in Example 2, and the survival rate of black abalone was determined. The survival rate of black abalone was as shown in FIG.

  In each of the above-described examples, the case where the molded product of seaweed paste is used as an aquaculture feed for abalone has been described. However, this molded product is also applicable to the use for aquaculture of shellfish such as sea cucumbers, sea urchins, and tuna it can.

10 Seawater 12 Agar plate 14 Abalone aquaculture feed 16 Abalone

Claims (16)

  An abalone culture feed comprising a molded product obtained by molding a seaweed paste made of at least brown algae into an elongated sheet or string shape, and alginic acid contained in the molded product is a calcium salt.   The abalone culture feed according to claim 1, wherein the seaweed paste contains 50 wt% or more of brown algae seaweed.   The abalone culture feed according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the molded product is 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.   The abalone culture feed according to claim 1, wherein a nutritional component is added to the molded product.   A pasting step to obtain seaweed paste by crushing seaweed and solubilization to solubilize alginic acid compound in seaweed using sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydroxide before, during or after crushing the seaweed A step, a molding step of molding the seaweed paste to obtain an elongated sheet-like or string-like molding, and a coagulation step of solidifying the alginate contained by immersing the molding in an aqueous calcium chloride solution, The method for producing an abalone culture feed, wherein the seaweed contains brown algae.   The method for producing an abalone culture feed according to claim 5, further comprising an acid treatment step of immersing the brown algae seaweed in an acid aqueous solution before the solubilization step.   The said seaweed paste contains 50 wt% or more of seaweeds of brown algae, The manufacturing method of the abalone culture feed of Claim 5 characterized by the above-mentioned.   6. The method for producing an abalone culture feed according to claim 5, wherein the molded product has a thickness of 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.   The method for producing an abalone culture feed according to claim 5, wherein a nutritional component is added to the molded product.   A water tank containing seawater, a plurality of standing plates erected at predetermined intervals in the water tank, and in contact with and / or in the vicinity of the standing plate Item 6. An abalone culturing apparatus comprising the abalone culturing feed according to any one of items 1 to 5.   The abalone culturing apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the abalone culturing feed is hung on the settling plate.   A plurality of epidermis plates are erected in an aquarium containing seawater, abalone is allowed to grow on the epidermis plate, and the abalone culture feed according to any one of claims 1 to 5 An abalone culturing method, characterized in that the abalone culturing feed is fed in contact with and / or in the vicinity of the growth plate.   The abalone culturing method according to claim 12, wherein the abalone culturing feed is hung on the settling plate.   The method for cultivating abalone according to claim 12, wherein a combination of raw seaweed for abalone culturing feed is changed in accordance with the abalone breeding time.   The abalone culturing method according to claim 12, wherein a necessary nutrient component is added to the abalone culturing feed according to the abalone growth stage.   Dissolve the alginic acid compound in the seaweed using sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or sodium hydroxide before, during or after crushing the waste seaweed containing brown algae, crush the waste seaweed and seaweed paste The seaweed paste is molded to obtain an elongated sheet-like molded product, the molded product is immersed in an aqueous calcium chloride solution to solidify the contained alginic acid, and the obtained abalone culture feed is used as a cultured abalone. A method for treating waste seaweed, characterized by feeding.

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