CN108225176B - 使用光学上可感知的几何元素的可测量参数的比值来校准尺寸量定器 - Google Patents

使用光学上可感知的几何元素的可测量参数的比值来校准尺寸量定器 Download PDF

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CN108225176B
CN108225176B CN201711305960.9A CN201711305960A CN108225176B CN 108225176 B CN108225176 B CN 108225176B CN 201711305960 A CN201711305960 A CN 201711305960A CN 108225176 B CN108225176 B CN 108225176B
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H.S.阿克利
F.拉法格
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    • G06TIMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
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Abstract

本发明涉及使用光学上可感知的几何元素的可测量参数的比值来校准尺寸量定器。提供了用于校准体积尺寸量定器的系统和方法。在一个实施例中,一种校准系统包括预定义的参考图案,该预定义的参考图案包括多个光学上可感知的元素。所述光学上可感知的元素具有预定义的可测量参数并且彼此分开预定义的距离。校准系统还包括尺寸量定器,其被配置成捕获对象的图像并且至少根据所捕获的图像来计算该对象的物理尺寸。尺寸量定器进一步被配置成捕获预定义的参考图案的一个或多个图像以及计算预定义的可测量参数中的一个与预定义的距离中的一个之间的比值。尺寸量定器进一步被配置成基于所计算出的比值而被校准。

Description

使用光学上可感知的几何元素的可测量参数的比值来校准尺 寸量定器
技术领域
本发明涉及确定对象的体积的尺寸量定器,并且更特别地涉及用于校准尺寸量定器的系统和方法。
背景技术
在包装和装运行业中,计算体积和重量以便确定装运成本。同样,可以将包裹体积用于确定用于将包裹装载到运输车辆上的策略以及用于其他应用。例如,可以通过测量矩形盒子的长度、宽度和高度来计算该盒子的体积。用手完成的测量可能是耗时的,尤其是在要测量若干包裹的情况下。
体积尺寸量定器(或简称为“尺寸量定器”)是提供用来计算对象的体积的更快方式的电子设备。尺寸量定器被配置成获取对象的尺寸以及从尺寸量定器本身到对象的各部分的距离计算。尺寸量定器能够根据该信息计算包裹的体积。当与传送系统一起使用时,一些尺寸量定器能够每分钟计算几十个包裹的体积。
正如许多类型的测量设备那样,尺寸量定器的准确度可能由任何数量的因素所损害。例如,如果对象与尺寸量定器碰撞或者如果便携式尺寸量定器掉在坚硬表面上,则尺寸量定器的光学部件可能受损,从而使尺寸量定器的准确度下降。因此,尺寸量定器可能需要临时校准或调谐。因此,存在对于提供用于校准尺寸量定器的系统和方法的需要。
发明内容
因此,本发明涉及用于基于参考图案的光学上可感知的元素的可测量参数的比值来校准尺寸量定器的系统和方法。在一个实施方式中,一种系统包括预定义的参考图案和尺寸量定器。所述参考图案包括多个光学上可感知的元素,所述光学上可感知的元素具有预定义的可测量参数并且彼此分开预定义的距离。所述尺寸量定器被配置成捕获对象的图像并且至少根据所捕获的图像来计算所述对象的物理尺寸。所述尺寸量定器进一步被配置成捕获所述预定义的参考图案的一个或多个图像并且计算所述预定义的可测量参数中的一个与所述预定义参数中的另一个之间的比值。所述尺寸量定器进一步被配置成基于所计算出的比值而被校准。
另一实施例涉及用于校准尺寸量定器的参考图案。所述参考图案包括二维表面和应用于所述二维表面的光学上可感知的元素的网格。所述光学上可感知的元素包括预定义的物理尺寸并且彼此分开预定义的间隔值。所述参考图案包括基于所述预定义的物理尺寸和预定义的间隔值的至少一个预定义的比值。所述尺寸量定器被配置成捕获所述光学上可感知的元素中的至少两个的至少一个图像。所述尺寸量定器进一步被配置成根据所述至少一个图像来计算所述元素的尺寸和所述元素之间的间隔值,并且计算所计算出的尺寸和间隔值的至少一个比值。而且,所述尺寸量定器进一步被配置成基于所述至少一个所计算出的比值与所述至少一个预定义的比值之间的比较来确定是否需要校准。
在又一实施例中,提供了一种方法。所述方法包括使用尺寸量定器捕获参考图案的一个或多个图像的步骤,其中所述参考图案包括光学上可感知的元素,所述光学上可感知的元素具有预定义的物理参数和所述光学上可感知的元素之间的预定义的距离。所述参考图案具有基于所述预定义的物理参数和所述预定义的距离的至少一个预定义的比值。所述方法进一步包括分析所述一个或多个所捕获的图像以计算所述光学上可感知的元素的尺寸和所述元素之间的距离。所捕获的参数和距离可以取决于图像传感器距所述元素的距离和所述图像传感器相对于所述元素的角度而变化。执行基于所计算出的尺寸和所计算出的距离来计算至少一个比值的步骤。所述方法还包括将所述至少一个所计算出的比值与所述至少一个预定义的比值进行比较以确定所述尺寸量定器是否需要校准的步骤。
在以下详细描述以及其附图内进一步解释前述说明性概述以及本发明的示例性目的和/或优势以及对其进行实现的方式。
附图说明
图1示意性地描绘出根据本发明的实施例的传送系统的尺寸量定站的图示。
图2A和2B示意性地描绘出根据本发明的实施例的便携式尺寸量定设备的图示。
图3示意性地描绘出根据本发明的实施例的另一便携式尺寸量定设备的图示。
图4描绘出根据本发明的实施例的从尺寸量定器的视角来看的对象的透视图。
图5描绘出如通过尺寸量定器确定的图4中所示的对象的线框图。
图6描绘出根据本发明的实施例的用于校准尺寸量定器的第一参考图案的视图。
图7描绘出根据本发明的实施例的用于校准尺寸量定器的第二参考图案的视图。
图8描绘出根据本发明的实施例的用于校准尺寸量定器的第三参考图案的视图。
图9A-9C描绘出根据本发明的实施例的在校准过程期间如由尺寸量定器获取的图6的第一参考图案的各透视图。
图10示意性地描绘出根据本发明的实施例的示出尺寸量定器的电子线路的框图。
图11示意性地描绘出根据本发明的实施例的用于校准尺寸量定器的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及校准尺寸量定器的系统和方法,所述尺寸量定器是用于在不实际接触对象的情况下测量该对象的体积的设备。在基于要装运的包裹的体积来向顾客索费的系统中,重要的是用于测量体积的设备在一定容差内是准确的。
因此,本发明被配置成校准尺寸量定器,并且此外被配置成提供尺寸量定器已被正确校准的验证。在可证实的校准和验证的情况下,可以将尺寸量定器认证为遵从某些准确度标准,诸如可以由国家标准技术研究所(NIST)或其他代理机构所建立的那些标准。在没有正确地强加的标准的情况下,无所顾忌的供应商可能通过将尺寸量定器欺骗性地造假成测量体积以使得定价将对于顾客来说稍微更高来欺骗顾客。
用于校准尺寸量定器的一种解决方案是提供具有预定物理特性(诸如固定的长度和宽度)的参考对象。然而,在一些情况下,无所顾忌的用户可能复制该参考对象以使得该复制品比可信的参考对象稍微更小(例如,小了约5%)。因此,如果使用欺骗性的参考对象来校准尺寸量定器,则尺寸量定器将会输出稍微更大(例如,大了约5%)的尺寸。因而,可能需要用于校准尺寸量定器的另一解决方案来防止此类欺骗性实践。
根据本发明的一些实施例,二维的光学上可感知的几何元素的预定参考图案被用于校准尺寸量定器。光学上可感知的几何元素的图案可以包括多个预定义的可测量参数,诸如圆形的半径或直径、方形的宽度或高度、或者其他几何元素的其他尺寸。其他可测量参数还可以包括几何元素之间的距离。因此,不仅几何元素的参数是预定义的,而且这些参数中的一个与另一参数的比值也是预定义的。因而,可以使用比值来可靠地校准尺寸量定器,而不管参考图案在大小上是否已经被减小或扩大。具体来说,不管参考图案的放大程度如何,比值都将是相同的。尺寸量定器可以从各种距离和角度来捕获参考图案的光学上可感知的几何元素的图像。
例如,光学上可感知的几何元素可以是具有预定直径的圆形,并且所述圆形可以彼此分开预定距离。一个比值可以是基于直径值相对于分开距离。而且,可以使用从尺寸量定器到参考图案上的各个点的距离测量结果来确定可以用在比值计算中的值。
根据所捕获的光学上可感知的几何元素的图像,可以执行利用所述元素的某些参数的比值的校准过程。一旦确定了所述比值,就可以将这些比值与参考图案的预定义比值进行比较。可以根据该比较由尺寸量定器自身或者由认证机构来校准尺寸量定器。例如,可以通过在尺寸量定器自身的处理部件中进行调节来执行自校准。
可以使用具有不同大小和形状的光学上可感知的几何元素的多个参考图案来校准尺寸量定器。通过利用参考图案的比值而非实际大小测量结果,可以防止欺骗,这是因为不管复制品相对于真品参考图案在大小中的任何改变,参考图案的任何复制品都将维持相同的比值。
图1示出了尺寸量定站10的实施例,尺寸量定站10被定位于沿传送系统12的固定位置处。在一些实施例中,传送系统12可以包含传送带14,该传送带14不仅提供对象16可以在其上行进的水平表面,而且还可以提供用于尺寸量定器的光学参考背景。沿传送系统12传送诸如各种类型的包裹或盒子之类的对象16。尺寸量定站10进一步包括支撑结构18,其支撑定位于传送系统12中的一段上方的固定式尺寸量定器20。
支撑结构18和固定式尺寸量定器20可以如所示的那样安装或者以如本领域普通技术人员将会理解的任何数量的适当配置来安装。例如,在替换实施例中,尺寸量定器可以安放在工作台上方,藉此用户手动地每次将一个包裹放到工作台的表面上以用于尺寸量定测量。
固定式尺寸量定器20包括用于捕获对象16的图像并用于当对象16在下方通过时确定从固定式尺寸量定器20到对象16的距离的成像和感测部件。由于固定式尺寸量定器20处于对象16上方的固定位置中,因此可以根据从尺寸量定器20到“背景”表面(例如,传送带14)的已知距离来调谐固定式尺寸量定器20。通过将对象16的两个侧面或三个侧面进行成像,固定式尺寸量定器20可以确定体积。在一些实施例中,固定式尺寸量定器20可以能够通过仅查看对象16的顶表面来确定其体积。固定式尺寸量定器20还可以被配置成计算两个或更多个盒子16中的每一个的体积,即使是在它们正接触彼此的情况下。
图2A是便携式尺寸量定设备24的实施例的前视图,并且图2B是该便携式尺寸量定设备24的后视图。便携式尺寸量定设备24至少包括外壳26、显示屏28、用户输入设备30、图像传感器32和距离感测设备34。在一些实施例中,便携式尺寸量定设备24可以是移动电话、智能电话、便携式计算设备或其他类似设备,或者替换地,便携式尺寸量定设备24可以被并入到移动电话、智能电话或便携式计算设备中或附接到它们。
图像传感器32可以包括相机、视频相机、红外相机、电荷耦合器件(CCD)或用于捕获图像的其他类型的感测设备。距离感测设备34可以包括红外传感器、激光二极管、声波反射设备、立体相机或用于测量距离的其他感测设备。在一些实施例中,便携式尺寸量定设备24可以包括多个图像传感器32和/或多个距离感测设备34。
在操作时,图像传感器32被配置成捕获要对其确定尺寸的对象的一个或多个图像。可以将所述一个或多个图像显示在显示屏28上。诸如“计算体积”或其他类似命令的选项可以可用于用户并且可以在显示屏28上示出。如果用户希望针对所显示的对象确定体积,则用户可以按下按钮或录入语音命令(例如,使用用户输入设备30中的一个或多个)、触摸显示屏28的区域或使用便携式尺寸量定设备24的另一适当的输入设备来录入输入。
当被用户指示计算对象的体积时,便携式尺寸量定设备24处理图像信息和距离信息。使用尺寸量定算法,便携式尺寸量定设备24计算对象的体积。所述体积可以显示在显示屏28上并且可以是以任何适当的量度单位,诸如mm3、cm3、英寸3等。显示屏28还可以被配置成显示特定的尺寸,诸如长度、宽度和高度。
图3是便携式尺寸量定设备36的另一实施例的透视图。在该实施例中,便携式尺寸量定设备36可以并入在条形码读取器中。图3的便携式尺寸量定设备36可以包括一个或多个图像传感器(例如,类似于图2B中所示的图像传感器32的传感器)和一个或多个距离感测设备(例如,类似于也在图2B中所示的距离感测设备34的设备)。
图4是要被尺寸量定器(例如,便携式尺寸量定设备24或36)进行光学感测的对象40的透视图。在该示例中,对象40是从使得其六个侧面中的三个在视野范围内的角度来观察的。从该相同的视角,对象40的八个角中的七个在视野范围内,并且其十二个边中的九个在视野范围内。
根据图4的光学感测的视图,尺寸量定器被配置成构建对象40的线框视图50,如在图5中所示。线框视图50描画出对象40的物理特征的轮廓,并且示出了从尺寸量定器的视角来看直接在视野范围内的角和边。此外,尺寸量定器能够执行消失点计算或其他适当算法来填充第八个角和三个被遮住的边,以完成线框视图50的构建。
在完成了线框视图50并计算了距离测量结果的情况下,尺寸量定器能够计算长度、宽度和高度值。尺寸量定器可以根据这些值来确定对象40的体积。
图6图示出具有任何数量的至少两个不同大小的光学上可感知的几何元素的参考图案60的实施例。如图6中所示,参考图案60包括具有小圆形62、中等大小的圆形64和大圆形66的对角网格。应指出的是,参考图案60可以包括具有任何数量的不同大小的元素。虽然图6图示出圆形的图案,但是应指出的是,根据其他实施例,参考图案60可以包括其他类型的几何元素的图案,所述几何元素诸如是方形、六边形、三角形等。图6的参考图案60可以以任何适当的方式应用于参考对象(例如,打印在参考对象上、涂画在参考对象上、贴到参考对象),其中所述参考对象可以是具有基本上形成平面的表面的任何适当的刚性材料。
特别地,图6的参考图案60包括均具有值“a”的直径且彼此分开距离“b”的小圆形62。中等大小的圆形64均具有值“c”的直径且彼此分开距离“d”。同样,大圆形66均具有值“e”的直径且彼此分开距离“f”。也可以预定义其他可测量参数,诸如不同大小的元素之间的距离。
根据图示出的示例,“a”与“b”的预定义比值约为4:7;“c”与“d”的预定义比值约为7:15;并且“e”与“f”的预定义比值约为5:17。在其他实施例中,圆形62、64、66可以具有任何预定直径并且可以分开任何预定距离。也可以在图案60中预定义其他尺寸。例如,可以预先确定从具有第一大小的几何元素到具有不同大小的几何元素的距离的尺寸,并且可以在校准过程中利用所述尺寸。
而且,可以事先确立基于图案60的任何任意可测量参数的任何比值。于是,可以然后将这些预先确立的比值与由尺寸量定器基于所测量的参数而计算出的比值进行比较。然后可以基于实际的预先确立的比值与所计算出的比值之间的比较(这与参考图案的任何放大无关)来校准尺寸量定器。
由于比值并不基于参考图案的大小的任何更改,因此校准过程可以被认证为可信的。因而,根据本文中的教导的具有计算相关比值的能力的尺寸量定器可以执行已认证的自校准过程。在一些情况下,可以由已认证机构使用如本公开中描述的基于比值的校准过程来校准尺寸量定器。
在参考图案60中包括不同大小的几何元素(例如,圆形62、64、66)的一个原因是尺寸量定器可以能够在以距图案60的较近范围处拍摄时捕获较小元素的图像,藉此可以在从较大距离捕获图像时更容易查看较大的元素。因此,可以从许多不同的距离使用参考图案60。
图6的参考图案60的元素可以包括圆形(如图所示),或者可以包括其他适当的几何形状,诸如方形、六边形等。图7是具有方形几何元素(而非圆形)的参考图案70的实施例的视图。可以将参考图案70应用于用于支撑的参考对象(未示出)。所述参考对象可以具有基本上形成平面的表面并且被配置成维持其大小和形状。如图7中所示,参考图案70包括任何数量的光学上可感知的几何元素(即方形)的对角网格。
特别地,图7的参考图案70包括均具有长度“g”的相等的侧边且彼此分开距离“h”的小方形72。中等大小的方形74均具有长度“i”的相等的侧边且彼此分开距离“j”。而且,大方形76各自具有长度“k”的相等的侧边且彼此分开距离“l”。也可以预定义其他可测量参数,诸如不同大小的元素之间的距离或以竖直或水平方式测量的距离。
根据图示出的示例,“g”与“h”的比值约为8:11;“i”与“j”的比值约为7:12;并且“k”与“l”的比值约为1:3。在其他实施例中,方形72、74、76可以具有任何预定尺寸并且可以分开任何预定距离。也可以在图案60中预定义其他尺寸。例如,可以预先确定从一个几何元素到具有不同大小的另一几何元素的距离的尺寸,并且可以在校准过程中计算该尺寸。
同样,图6和图7的参考图案60和70的几何元素分别被示为以对角网格布置。在其他实施例中,可以替代地以矩形网格、六边形网格或另一适当的布置图案来布置所述元素。
图8是参考图案80的另一实施例的视图,所述参考图案也可以应用于参考对象。在一些实施例中,参考图案80可以被应用于参考图案60或70应用于其上的参考对象的相对表面。如图8中所示,参考图案80包括小圆形62、中等大小的圆形64和大圆形66的对角网格,如同图6的实施例的那些圆形。除了图6的特征之外,图8的参考图案80可以进一步包括非常大的圆形82,其可以用于证实大小。
例如,在操作期间,可以将具有已知尺寸的对象(诸如货币84)或其他标准大小的制造对象放在非常大的圆形82上。替换地,可以将该制造对象放在几何形状中的一个或多个的边界上、放在几何形状之间或放在参考图案80上的别处。当捕获图像时,尺寸量定器可以被配置成基于与货币84或其他对象的已知大小的比较来确定光学上可感知的几何元素(例如,圆形62、64、66、82)的实际大小。同样,尺寸量定器可以进一步如上所述的那样计算比值信息。可以根据实际大小信息和比值信息来有效地校准尺寸量定器。
根据一些实施例,参考图案80可以包括其他类型的几何元素的图案,所述几何元素诸如方形、六边形等。类似于图6和图7的实施例,参考图案80也可以以任何适当的方式应用于参考对象,其中所述参考对象可以是具有形成平面的表面的任何适当的刚性材料。
在一些实施例中,校准系统可以包括具有不同大小和形状的光学上可感知的几何元素的两个或更多个参考图案。在校准系统中使用多个参考图案允许基于更大的一组参考来校准尺寸量定器,这可以提供更有效的校准。
根据用于使用参考图案80的方法的一个实施例,可以将具有已知尺寸的制造对象84放在非常大的圆形82上或附着到非常大的圆形82或者放在或附着到参考图案80上的别处。尺寸量定器被编程为识别制造对象84并将制造对象84与已知尺寸相关联。尺寸量定器测量制造对象84和非常大的圆形82二者的尺寸。尺寸量定器可以根据该信息来证实参考图案80是可信的。
在一些实施方式中,该方法可以附加地或替换地包括证实步骤,其可以在公证人员面前执行以用于验证。可以在尺寸量定器中记录可识别符号,诸如公正人印章。公证人可以提供制造对象84(诸如货币)来证实制造对象84是可信的。
利用参考图案80的方法的其他实施例可以包括将信用卡放置或附着在非常大的圆形82上。尺寸量定器可以存储关于信用卡的已知尺寸的信息,所述信用卡通常是以精确的尺寸生产的。而且,尺寸量定器可以被配置成检测信用卡上的凸起字符的三维外貌。除了信用卡之外,可以使用的其他制造对象可以包括麦片盒子、卷尺、直尺和其他对象。让证人(诸如公证人员)来证实校准的真实性可以提供对确保合法地校准尺寸量定器的进一步改进。
图9A-9C示出图6的参考图案60的图像的示例,所述图像可以在相对于参考图案60以各种角度和距离放置尺寸量定器时由尺寸量定器捕获。再者,圆形62、64、66的大小和形状可能看起来与二维视图中的它们实际大小和形状不同。尺寸量定器被配置成确定不仅是圆形的直径相对于圆形之间的距离的比值,而且还有各圆形的直径的比值。可以根据所计算出的比值与预定比值的比较来校准尺寸量定器。
由于尺寸量定器的传感器的焦深,图9中所示的图像可能实际上包括焦点没对准的几个圆形。因而,可以在直径和分开距离的计算中使用所捕获的多个图像中的至少一个图像。传感器可以被配置成确定焦点对准的圆形并将这些圆形用在计算中。在圆形的大小上有差异的情况下,根据本发明的教导,传感器可以从具有焦点对准的至少两个圆形的多个圆形中选择具体的圆形大小。
虽然图9A-9C示出了图6的参考图案60的捕获图像的示例,但是应指出的是,可以捕获其他参考图案的不同图像,所述其他参考图案诸如是图7的参考图案70或图8的参考图案80。例如,图7中所示的方形72、74和76的实际大小可能与方形的捕获图像不同,这是因为尺寸量定器可能以一定角度捕获图像以使得方形72、74和76看起来具有不同的大小和形状。
可以通过将二维的捕获图像与实际尺寸的关系纳入考虑来计算参考图案60、70和80的尺寸。尺寸量定器被配置成根据这些计算来确定几何元素的尺寸相对于几何元素之间的距离的比值。根据本方法,可以根据所计算出的比值与预定比值的比较来校准尺寸量定器。
图10是根据本公开的教导的示出尺寸量定器的电子线路90的实施例的框图。电子线路90可以并入在固定式尺寸量定器(诸如图1中所示的固定式尺寸量定器20)中或者并入在便携式尺寸量定设备(诸如图2和图3中所示的便携式尺寸量定设备24或36)中。
如图10中所示,电子线路90包括处理设备92、传感器94、用户接口96和存储器设备98。尺寸量定模块100和校准模块102可以作为软件和/或固件而存储在存储器设备98中。在一些实施例中,校准模块102可以并入在单独的设备中以用于向尺寸量定器提供外部校准。在替换实施例中,尺寸量定模块90和校准模块92可以至少部分地以硬件来配置并且例如被包含在处理设备92中。
处理设备92可以包括一个或多个处理器、微处理器或其他适当的处理元件,并且可以被配置成控制和执行尺寸量定器的操作。处理设备92可以经由导体、总线接口或其他装置与其他部件94、96、98通信。
传感器94可以包括用于捕获对象的图像的至少一个光学传感器(例如,图像传感器32)、至少一个距离传感器(例如,距离感测设备34)和/或一个或多个感测设备的任何适当的组合。传感器94被配置成感测任何对象的图像信息和距离信息以用于根据常规的尺寸量定器功能性来确定尺寸信息。此外,传感器94还可以感测图6-8中所示的参考图案60、70、80的几何元素的图像和距离信息。将由传感器94获取的感测信息转发到处理设备92。
用户接口96可以包括输入设备、输出设备和/或输入/输出设备的任何适当的组合。例如,用户接口96可以包括触摸屏设备(例如,显示屏28)、显示设备、一个或多个按钮(例如,用户输入设备30)、触觉设备等等。
存储器设备98可以包括随机存取存储器(RAM)、只读存储器(ROM)等的任何适当的组合。而且,存储器设备98可以存储可以应用,所述应用由处理设备92执行以用于控制电子线路90。例如,尺寸量定模块100可以以软件或固件来配置以用于使得尺寸量定器能够执行如遍及本公开描述的尺寸量定功能。在一些实施例中,尺寸量定模块100可以被配置为处理设备92中的硬件。
校准模块102可以被配置成使得处理设备92能够基于从传感器94获取的关于参考图案60、70、80的几何元素的图像的信息来执行自校准过程。例如,所获取的图像可以包括一个或多个图像,诸如在图9A-9C中所示的那些图像或者可以从其他参考图案(例如,图案70和80)获取的那些图像。校准模块102可以进一步被配置成基于参考图案的光学上可感知的几何元素的可测量参数以及参考图案的几何元素的不同的所测量参数的比值来执行计算。
在一些实施例中,校准模块102的自校准功能性可以包括应用乘法器(例如,“乘以1.03”)来相应地调节测量结果的过程。在一些实施例中,校准模块102可能需要比简单的乘法因数更复杂的算法来校准尺寸量定器。在一些实施例中,如果校准程度超出了可接受阈值则可以不允许自校准。
图11是示出用于校准尺寸量定器的方法120的步骤的流程图。方法120包括如块122中指示的捕获校准参考图案的一个或多个图像的步骤,所述参考图案可以包括以预定图案布置的多个光学上可感知的几何元素。如块124中指示的,该方法包括测量参考图案中的几何元素的多个参数。所测量的参数可以包括几何元素本身的尺寸(例如,直径、宽度、长度、高度等)以及从一个几何元素到另一个几何元素的距离值。包括在参考图案中的光学上可感知的几何元素可以是圆形(例如,圆形62、64、66)、方形(例如,72、74、76)或其他几何形状。可以使用尺寸量定器功能性基于所捕获的图像和关于从尺寸量定器到所捕获元素的距离的信息来获取测量结果。块126指示基于参考图案的几何元素的所测量的参数来计算比值的下一步骤。
根据决策块128,确定所计算出的比值是否在可接受容差内。所述参数和比值可以是在构建参考图案时预定义的,并且在尺寸量定器使用该参考图案作为用于校准目的的参考时所述比值可以是由尺寸量定器所已知的。如果误差或差异是最低限度的(例如,在预定义的比值和所计算出的比值之间小于1% 的差),那么方法前进至块130。在块130中指示无需改变,并且方法结束。而且,输出设备可以向用户显示或指示该尺寸量定器对于继续使用是可接受的并且无需校准。
如果所计算出的比值未在可接受容差内(例如,大于1%的差异),则方法120前进至决策块132,其指示确定是否允许自校准。如果需要校准但是不允许自校准,则应将尺寸量定器设备发送到认证机构以用于重新认证,如块134中指示的那样。可以在尺寸量定器的显示器上呈现用于发送到认证机构的指令和细节。
如果允许自校准,则方法前进至块136,其指示方法120包括执行自校准功能的步骤。自校准可以包括调节用于调谐尺寸量定器的输出值的乘法变量。其他自校准步骤可以包括应用、重新配置或调节测量算法的变量。因而,通过使用参考图案的光学上可感知的元素的两个或更多个可测量参数之间的比值,可以校准尺寸量定器。
Figure 134274DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
在说明书和/或附图中,已经公开了本发明的典型实施例。本发明不受限于此类示例性实施例。术语“和/或”的使用包括相关联的所列项目中的一个或多个的任何和所有组合。附图是示意性表示并且因此不一定按比值绘制。除非另外指出,否则已经以一般性和描述性意义而不是出于限制的目的来使用具体术语。

Claims (12)

1.一种系统,包括:
预定义的参考图案,其包括多个光学上可感知的元素,所述光学上可感知的元素包括两个或更多个预定义的可测量参数,所述光学上可感知的元素彼此分开预定义的距离;以及
尺寸量定器,其被配置成:
确定对象的至少一个尺寸;
根据由所述尺寸量定器捕获的预定义的参考图案的一个或多个图像测量至少一对光学上可感知的元素的预定义的参数;
测量所述至少一对光学上可感知的元素之间的距离,
其中所述尺寸量定器进一步被配置成计算所述多个光学上可感知的元素中的所述至少一对光学上可感知的元素的经测量的预定义的参数中的一个与所述光学上可感知的元素的对之间的经测量的预定义的距离中的一个之间的比值;以及
其中所述尺寸量定器进一步被配置成基于所计算出的比值而被校准。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述尺寸量定器被配置成分析所述预定义的参考图案的所述一个或多个图像以测量所述预定义的可测量参数和所述预定义的距离。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述尺寸量定器被配置成将所计算出的比值与预定义的参考比值进行比较以确定是否需要校准。
4.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述参考图案被应用于刚性参考对象。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述参考图案包括几何形状的对角网格。
6.一种方法,包括以下步骤:
使用尺寸量定器捕获参考图案的一个或多个图像,所述参考图案包括光学上可感知的元素,所述光学上可感知的元素具有多个预定义的物理参数和所述光学上可感知的元素之间的预定义的距离,所述参考图案具有基于所述多个预定义的物理参数和所述预定义的距离的至少一个预定义比值;
分析一个或多个所捕获的图像以计算至少一对光学上可感知的元素的尺寸和所述至少一对光学上可感知的元素之间的距离;
基于所计算出的尺寸和所计算出的距离来计算至少一个比值;以及
将所述至少一个所计算出的比值与所述至少一个预定义的比值进行比较以确定所述尺寸量定器是否需要校准。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述比较步骤包括确定所述至少一个计算出的比值与所述至少一个预定义的比值是否不同达预定阈值。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,还包括使得所述尺寸量定器能够在需要校准时执行自校准过程的步骤。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,还包括当需要校准时指示要将所述尺寸量定器发送到认证机构以进行校准的步骤。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述参考图案包括光学上可感知的几何元素的对角网格。
11.一种系统,包括:
参考图案,其包括应用于平面表面的第一光学上可感知的元素,所述第一光学上可感知的元素具有预定义的尺寸;以及
尺寸量定器,其被配置成确定对象的至少一个尺寸;
其中将所述参考图案的所述第一光学上可感知的元素与具有已知尺寸的制造对象进行比较;以及
其中所述尺寸量定器被配置成通过相对于所述参考图案的所述第一光学上可感知的元素对所述制造对象的大小进行参考来证实所述参考图案的大小,以及
其中所述尺寸量定器进一步被配置成捕获所述参考图案的一个或多个图像,计算所述预定义的可测量参数中的一个与所述预定义的距离中的一个之间的比值,以及将所计算出的比值与预定义的参考比值进行比较以确定是否需要校准。
12.根据权利要求11所述的系统,其中所述参考图案包括多个光学上可感知的元素,所述光学上可感知的元素包括两个或更多个预定义的可测量参数,所述光学上可感知的元素彼此分开预定义的距离。
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