CN108210609A - 一种用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物,由以下重量份原料组成:黄柏50‑150份,麻黄30‑70份,苦杏仁50‑100份,大黄30‑70份,枳实50‑100份,苦参80‑120份,陈皮40‑100份,前胡30‑50份,甘草150‑300份,橘红50‑100份。本发明根据基于中医辩证相结合的原则,提供了一种用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物及其制备方法。制备工艺简单,成本低,药效好,口感佳,生物利用度高,无毒副作用,不会产生耐药性和无药物残留。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,特别涉及一种用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
鸡传染性支气管炎是由传染性支气管炎病毒引起的鸡的一种急性高度接触性呼吸道传染病;其临诊特征是呼吸困难、发出罗音、咳嗽、张口呼吸、打喷嚏;产蛋鸡感染通常变现产蛋量降低,蛋的品质下降;本病广泛流行于世界各地,是养鸡业的重要疫病。
鸡传染性支气管炎主要病变在呼吸道;在鼻腔、气管、支气管内,可见有淡黄色半透明的浆液性、粘液性渗出物,病程稍长的变为干酪样物质并形成栓子;气囊可能浑浊或含有干酪性渗出物。产蛋母鸡卵泡充血、出血或变形;输卵管短粗、肥厚,局部充血、坏死。雏鸡感染本病则输卵管损害时永久性的,长大后一般不能产蛋。肾病变型支气管炎除呼吸器官病变外,可见肾肿大、苍白,肾小管内尿酸盐沉积而扩张,肾呈花斑状,输尿管尿酸盐沉积而变粗;心、肝表面也有沉积的尿酸盐似一层白霜;有时可见法氏囊有炎症和出血症状。
我国的规模化养鸡多采用笼养的饲养方式,特别在雏鸡阶段,密度大,室内空气质量,通风和温度条件等打不到要求,很容易诱发传染性支气管炎,雏鸡的死亡率可到达25-40%,从而造成很大的经济损失。目前预防该病的药物主要是疫苗,但在免疫过程中,由于免疫不完善,免疫剂量不足,免疫方法不当等原因,该病仍不能得到很好的控制。治疗该病,除了疫苗外,还有西药和中药,市售的西药尚无特效治疗药,一般采用对症治疗,疗效较差,还易产生耐药性和药物残留。市售的有些中药,或口感问题,或药物的生物利用度低等原因,对该病的治疗效果也受到一定的限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种疗效确切、治愈率高、无毒副作用、无药物残留、不产生耐药性的防治鸡传染性支气管炎病的药物及其制备方法。
本发明的目的是以下述方式实现的:
一种用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物,由以下重量份原料组成:黄柏50-150份,麻黄30-70份,苦杏仁50-100份,大黄30-70份,枳实50-100份,苦参80-120份,陈皮40-100份,前胡30-50份,甘草150-300份,橘红50-100份。
进一步,由以下重量份原料组成:黄柏100份,麻黄50份,苦杏仁75份,大黄50份,枳实75份,苦参100份,陈皮70份,前胡40份,甘草225份,橘红75份。
它还包括0.5-2重量份蔗糖,以及占原料总重0.15-0.3%的山梨酸。
如上所述的用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将上述药物用水浸泡,加入药物重量10-12 倍的蒸馏水,加热至100-105℃,蒸馏1.5-2.5小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的8-10倍的水,加热回流提取1-2小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液。将滤液静置12-24小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.02-1.2,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖,山梨酸,加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。
离心时,所用的转速为3000-5000r/min,时间为30分钟。
本发明根据基于中医辩证相结合的原则,提供了一种治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物及其制备方法。其制备工艺简单,成本低,药效好,口感佳,生物利用度高,无毒副作用,不会产生耐药性和无药物残留。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物,由以下重量份原料组成:黄柏50-150份,麻黄30-70份,苦杏仁50-100份,大黄30-70份,枳实50-100份,苦参80-120份,陈皮40-100份,前胡30-50份,甘草150-300份,橘红50-100份。优选的,它还包括0.5-2重量份甜味剂蔗糖,可增加鸡的食欲,以及占原料总重0.15-0.3%的山梨酸,山梨酸pH为2.0-3.5,延长此药的贮存时间。
上述用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述药物用水浸泡1h,加入药物重量10-12 倍的蒸馏水,加热至100-105℃,蒸馏1.5-2.5小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的8-10倍的水,加热回流提取1-2小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液;将滤液静置12-24小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.02-1.2,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖,山梨酸,加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得;离心时,所用的转速为3000-5000r/min,时间为30分钟。
本发明提供的用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物,其中,黄柏为清热解毒药,可清热燥湿,主治湿热痢疾、泄泻、黄疸骨蒸劳热,盗汗,以及口舌生疮;目赤肿痛;痈疽疮毒;皮肤湿疹,具有抗菌和镇咳作用;麻黄具有发汗散寒,宣肺平喘,利水消肿的功能;苦杏仁主治降气止咳平喘,润肠通便;大黄用以泻下攻积,泻火解毒,活血祛瘀,清泄湿热;枳实用以积滞内停,痞满胀痛,大便秘结,泻痢后重,结胸,胃下垂;苦参用以清热燥湿;祛风杀虫,平喘祛痰;陈皮用以理气健脾,调中,燥湿,化痰;前胡用以散风清热,降气化痰。用于外感风热、肺热痰郁、咳喘痰多、痰黄稠粘、哎逆食少、胸膈满闷;橘红用以散寒,燥湿,利气,消痰;甘草用以益气补中;缓急止痛;润肺止咳;泻火解毒;调和诸药。黄柏、苦参用以清热解毒、抗菌镇咳,麻黄、前胡、橘红用以发汗散寒,大黄、枳实用以泻下攻积、泻火解毒,陈皮用以理气健脾,甘草用以益气补中,调和诸药,上述原料综合作用,能有效的抗菌抗病毒、止咳平喘,同时又能理气健脾,调中益气,对鸡传染性支气管炎有良好的治疗效果。
实施例2
一种用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物,由以下重量份原料组成:黄柏100份,麻黄50份,苦杏仁75份,大黄50份,枳实75份,苦参100份,陈皮70份,前胡40份,甘草225份,橘红75份,蔗糖1.5重量份,以及占原料总重0.2%的山梨酸。
上述用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述药物用水浸泡,加入药物重量11倍的蒸馏水,加热至100℃,蒸馏2小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的9倍的水,加热回流提取1.5小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液。将滤液静置20小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.1,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖,山梨酸,加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。离心时,所用的转速为4000r/min,时间为30分钟。
实施例3
一种用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物,由以下重量份原料组成:黄柏100份,麻黄50份,苦杏仁75份,大黄50份,枳实75份,苦参100份,陈皮50份,前胡40份,甘草200份,橘红75份,蔗糖2重量份,以及占原料总重0.3%的山梨酸。
上述用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将上述药物用水浸泡,加入药物重量12倍的蒸馏水,加热至105℃,蒸馏2.5小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的10倍的水,加热回流提取2小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液。将滤液静置24小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.2,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖,山梨酸,加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。离心时,所用的转速为5000r/min,时间为30分钟。
实施例4
取黄柏75份,麻黄50份,苦杏仁75份,大黄50份,枳实75份,苦参120份,陈皮80份,前胡40份,甘草250份,橘红75份,用水浸泡1小时,加入药物重量10 倍的蒸馏水,加热至100℃,回馏2小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的8倍的水,加热回流提取1.5小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液。将滤液静置18小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.05,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖1份,山梨酸0.18%,再加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。
实施例5
取黄柏150份,麻黄70份,苦杏仁100份,大黄70份,枳实100份,苦参120份,陈皮100份,前胡50份,甘草300份,橘红100份,用水浸泡1小时,加入药物重量10-12 倍的蒸馏水,加热至100-105℃,回馏2小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的8-10倍的水,加热回流提取1.5小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液。将滤液静置20小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.02-1.2,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖2份,山梨酸0.18%,再加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。
实施例6
取黄柏50份,麻黄40份,苦杏仁80份,大黄45份,枳实80份,苦参100份,陈皮70份,前胡50份,甘草175份,橘红80份,用水浸泡1小时,加入药物重量11 倍的蒸馏水,加热至100℃,回馏2小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的9倍的水,加热回流提取1.5小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液。将滤液静置18小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.02,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖1份,山梨酸0. 25%,再加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。
实施例7
取黄柏75份,麻黄70份,苦杏仁100份,大黄70份,枳实75份,苦参120份,陈皮80份,前胡45份,甘草250份,橘红75份,用水浸泡1小时,加入药物重量10 倍的蒸馏水,加热至100-105℃,回馏2小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的8倍的水,加热回流提取1.5小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液。将滤液静置20小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.15,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖2份,山梨酸0.3%,再加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。
实施例8
取黄柏100份,麻黄50份,苦杏仁50份,大黄70份,枳实80份,苦参80份,陈皮100份,前胡50份,甘草300份,橘红100份,用水浸泡1小时,加入药物重量12 倍的蒸馏水,加热至105℃,回馏2小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的10倍的水,加热回流提取1.5小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液。将滤液静置20小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.05,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖0.5份,山梨酸0.2%,再加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。
实施例9
取黄柏150份,麻黄70份,苦杏仁80份,大黄50份,枳实75份,苦参100份,陈皮70份,前胡45份,甘草200份,橘红80份,用水浸泡1小时,加入药物重量12 倍的蒸馏水,加热至100℃,回馏2小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的9倍的水,加热回流提取1.5小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液。将滤液静置16小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.1,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖2份,山梨酸0.15%,再加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。
实施例10
取黄柏50份,麻黄30份,苦杏仁50份,大黄30份,枳实50份,苦参80份,陈皮40份,前胡30份,甘草150份,橘红50份,用水浸泡1小时,加入药物重量10-12 倍的蒸馏水,加热至105℃,回馏2小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的9倍的水,加热回流提取1.5小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液。将滤液静置16小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.05,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖0.5份,山梨酸0.18%,再加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。
本发明实施例11-18用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物配方表见表1,其余同实施例2。
表1 实施例11-18配方表
临床试验
本发明的中药口服液在治疗鸡传染性支气管炎时,按每1升水溶解9毫升药液的量计算,让鸡自由采食,连续饲喂3-5天。
河南省新乡市某养殖户饲养蛋鸡3000只,在4周龄时,发生呼吸困难、发出罗音、咳嗽、张口呼吸、打喷嚏为主要临床特征的疾病,夜间听到明显嘶哑的叫声。随着病情发展,症状加重,缩头闭目、垂翅挤堆、食欲不振、饮欲增加,如治疗不及时,有个别死亡现象。死亡鸡剖检,在鼻腔、气管、支气管内,可见有淡黄色半透明的浆液性、粘液性渗出物,病程稍长的变为干酪样物质并形成栓子。气囊可见浑浊或含有干酪性渗出物。
综合临床症状和病理剖检诊断为鸡传染性支气管炎。
对照药物:病毒灵(0.01g/只)、青霉素(2万单位/只)。连续用药3天。
试验组和对照组各1500只,实验组所用实施例2制备得到的药物。
治愈标准:精神活泼,饮食欲正常,无咳嗽,打喷嚏等症状。
实验结果见表2所示。
表2 试验组和对照组治疗效果
试验结果表明,用本发明的药物治疗鸡传染性支气管炎,具有良好的效果。用本发明的药物后,死亡率明显降低。
以上所述的仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明整体构思前提下,还可以作出若干改变和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物,其特征在于由以下重量份原料组成:黄柏50-150份,麻黄30-70份,苦杏仁50-100份,大黄30-70份,枳实50-100份,苦参80-120份,陈皮40-100份,前胡30-50份,甘草150-300份,橘红50-100份。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物,其特征在于由以下重量份原料组成:黄柏100份,麻黄50份,苦杏仁75份,大黄50份,枳实75份,苦参100份,陈皮70份,前胡40份,甘草225份,橘红75份。
3.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物,其特征在于它还包括0.5-2重量份蔗糖,以及占原料总重0.15-0.3%的山梨酸。
4.如权利要求3所述的用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:将上述药物用水浸泡,加入药物重量10-12 倍的蒸馏水,加热至100-105℃,蒸馏1.5-2.5小时, 收集蒸馏液,并过滤,向滤渣中加入药材重量的8-10倍的水,加热回流提取1-2小时,收集蒸馏液,并过滤取滤液,合并两次滤液;将滤液静置12-24小时,再次过滤取上清液,浓缩至相对密度为1.02-1.2,离心,取上清液,加入蔗糖,山梨酸,加水至定量,混匀,灌装灭菌即得。
5.如权利要求4所述的用于治疗鸡传染性支气管炎的药物的制备方法,其特征在于离心时,所用的转速为3000-5000r/min,时间为30分钟。
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