CN1082056A - 具有免疫刺激活性的葡聚糖 - Google Patents
具有免疫刺激活性的葡聚糖 Download PDFInfo
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/70—Carbohydrates; Sugars; Derivatives thereof
- A61K31/715—Polysaccharides, i.e. having more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages; Derivatives thereof, e.g. ethers, esters
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- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明涉及到具有免疫刺激性的葡聚糖,以及其
制备方法和含有此类葡聚糖的药用组合物。
Description
本发明涉及到具有免疫刺激活性的葡聚糖,以及其制备方法和含有此类葡糖的药品。
葡聚糖是一种多糖,存在于真菌,尤其是酵母的细胞壁中。
不同来源(如不同种类的微生物)的葡聚糖其性质各异,甚至提取过程以及对上述微生物的处理方法也不同。其中包括培养保存条件及最终产生的不同产物。这些区别既可能是由于多糖链的三维结构,链中吡喃葡萄糖苷单元的不同,也可以是由于葡聚糖的生物活性以及在通常或多或少难以提纯粗品中存在的非葡聚糖的缘故。
现已来源于嗜热酿酒酵母或香茹的葡聚糖都具有主要为β-1,3吡喃葡萄糖苷键的分枝结构。
上述葡聚糖作为特别研究的原因在于它们具有抗肿瘤及抗细菌活性(Int.J.Cancer24,773-779(1997);Int.J.Immunopharmacol.Vol.7No.5,747-751(1985))。另外,它们还展示出体内体外的免疫调节效应,以及产生一种放射保护作用(Rev.Microbiol.Vol.15,87-96,1987;Methods and Finding8 Explt.Pharmacol.Vol.8,No.3,151-156(1986))。
也可以从白色念珠菌中得到葡聚糖,并且其免疫调节作用也已有研究(J.Gen.Microbiol.Vol.134,1265-74(1958))。
专利EP-A-0416343(16,08,1990)表明了从白色念珠菌ATCC20955中提取制备的胞壁葡聚糖体至少含有90%的葡聚糖及部分几丁质。
未说明制备这种产物的方法及产物的生物性质,实际上只叙述了有助于最终产物制备,提纯达到药用标准的一种中间产物制备方法,包括消毒处理细胞,然后在高温下反复用氢氧化钠和乙酸进行提取。
美国专利4992540(12,02,1991)表明了从嗜热酿酒酵母中提取到的葡聚糖可作为营养添加剂。
我们现已发现具有高效免疫刺激活性的葡聚糖由于其不含杂质而具有显著的安全性,而这些杂质是经常存在于目前使用的类似产品中的。
本发明葡聚糖产品具有如下特点:
-β(1-3)键与β(1-6)键的比例是1∶1;
-几丁质含量按重量占3-5%;
-残留蛋白质含量低于0.3%;
-不含甘露聚糖;
-能增强NK细胞的体外杀伤细胞活性。
本发明葡聚糖产品是从不同种的酵母中获得的。
尽管在专利EP0416343中提出的白色念珠菌ATCC20955的应用已具有优先权,但本发明葡聚糖产品可从许多不同种念珠菌、酵母或其他的酵母及真菌种类中得到。
本发明葡聚糖产品从细胞中的提取方法包括下列步骤:
a)微生物在低葡萄糖含量的液体培养基中培养;
b)在高于100℃的高压条件下消毒处理培养物;
c)重复用氢氧化钠及稀有机酸提取;
d)高温下用去污剂处理提取物。
从a)到c)的过程与EP0416343中所叙述的极为相似,但(d)却是新的,可作为本发明葡聚糖产品的特征之一。
另外,本发明葡聚糖产品的特征还有比已知的葡聚糖高的免疫刺激活性以及毒性低和具有致免疫活性。
用去污剂高温处理过程主要是用1-5%的十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS),最适浓度为2%,在适当的缓冲液中煮沸1-3小时,b)步骤最好是在120℃左右的高温下处理3小时。
交替使用氢氧化钠和有机酸如乙酸提取24小时,温度控制在80-100℃。
每一步提取后都用水洗至中性,交替提取时最好用氢氧化钠和乙酸重复两次,以期适当除去可溶性碱性的胞壁葡聚糖及所有细胞残留物。
根据发明具体化准则,葡聚糖由白色念珠菌ATCC20955制备,这种菌株已经细胞DNA的限制性多态性分析,由申请者于1988年8月4日按布达佩斯条约存放于ATCC。据悉,最安全与现代的鉴定其生物型的方法是细胞DNA限制性多态性分析(DNA restriction fragment lenght polymorphism Magee of al.Mol.Cell.Biol.8,4721,1988)。
菌株的限制性分析资料提供了微生物的基因指纹以区别于所有其他念珠菌属的菌种。
菌株的培养、生化及生物学特征报告如下:
培养特征:在含玉米粉琼脂上形成厚垣孢子;
生化特征:用葡萄糖和麦芽糖发酵,产酸产气;用蔗糖发酵,只产酸;不用乳糖发酵。
生物学特征:是家兔与小鼠的致病菌。
将白色念珠菌ATCC20955菌株接种于沙保氏琼脂培养基上,于28℃,24小时生长后,保存于4℃的冰箱中。用于制备时,酵母在低葡萄糖含量的培养基中生长有利于胞壁的产生。例如Winge培养基,含有葡萄糖与酵母提取液,酵母在28℃培养18-24小时,控制培养进行以确定酵母生长期,以便获得葡萄糖与几丁质之比为20∶1的最适效果。
生长在培养基中的细胞通过离心收集后,用无菌蒸馏水洗三次后以1-2%的浓度混悬于pH5的柠檬酸缓冲液中,再置于121℃的高压下消毒3小时,使细胞得以破碎,使含有甘露聚糖。蛋白质、甘露蛋白和大部分细胞组分释放并溶解。
离心收集上述沉淀物,悬浮于1%的无菌氢氧化钠中(1%-2%),加热到100℃并持续24小时,而后用无菌蒸馏水洗沉淀物三次直至中性;接着再以1-2%的浓度混悬于无菌0.5M的乙酸溶液加热到80℃并持续24小时,再用无菌蒸馏水洗三次直至中性。
为确保最佳除去所有可能在治疗应用中带来危险的蛋白质成分,应对获得的葡聚糖进一步纯化,具体即以浓度1-2%混悬于含有2%SDS的Tris-EDTA巯基乙醇溶液中,煮沸1.5小时。
产物通过离心用无菌蒸馏水洗至除去所有去污剂,得到的葡聚糖在121℃的高压下消毒30分钟,最后使其冷干,获得的产品不溶于水、甲醇、丙酮、甲醚、稀酸及稀碱,部分溶于热的1M氢氧化钠(0.06%),溶于二甲亚砜中;产物含有95-97%的葡聚糖,3-5%的几丁质和低于0.3%的蛋白质,(通常为0.1-0.3%),不含有甘露聚糖。红外光谱和C13质谱(75MHz,72℃)分析表明本聚合物是,是β(1-3)多糖键形成长直链,支链与主链之间以β(1-6)多糖键相连,β(1-3)与β(1-6)键之比为1∶1,这个特点也影响到本药物的生物学活性。因据报导此产品的免疫学特征可因此比例的改变而呈显著变化(Jong SC et.al.EOS-J Immunol.Immuro pharmacol.11(3),115,1991),从红外光谱和C13质谱中也可明显得知存在以共价键结构相连的几丁质(Kogan,G.et.al,Biopolymers27,1055,1988)。薄层层板或纸层析显示有葡萄糖没有甘露糖,己糖含量占95-97%。
如此得到的葡聚糖没有抗原活性,但具有生物活性,可将其归类为生物应答调节物。
特别的是,对小鼠的研究表明,葡聚糖的给药可诱导增强由急性、慢性感染的多核白细胞及激活巨噬细胞诱导的抗感染活性,也因NK细胞及激活巨噬细胞的作用而增强抗肿瘤活性;可有效地增加白细胞介素,尤其是肿瘤坏死因子-α及白细胞介素-2的产生;还可加强抗体的应答作用。
本品在动物不经胃肠途径给药时有很高的免疫调节活性,且没有显著的副作用;在口服给药时,其活性也是十分显著的,此外,本品对肺泡巨噬细胞的活性也是良好的。
本发明葡聚糖产品的高纯度主要与蛋白质含量有关,较有把握的意见认为这种产品分子特别有意义的性质在于:急性与慢性毒性试验未显示出任何局部及全身毒性(在小鼠试验中,腹腔注射,半数致死量大于每千克1000毫克,(LD50>100),大鼠口服其LD50>2000mg/kg,每日重复静脉给药一年,剂量为400mg/kg或250mg/kg,没有表性效应),另外,也没有发现致突变性、致畸胎性、或任何影响繁殖的因素。
下面的例子将进一步阐明本发明:
实例
在沙保氏琼脂斜面上(葡萄糖20%,蛋白胨10%,琼脂1.5%,溶于蒸馏水,pH6,5%),白色念珠菌ATCC20955在28℃条件下生长1-2天,长到呈古铜色,保存于环境温度或4℃,生产时,将一白金铒的白色念珠菌琼脂块接种到100毫升Winge培养基中,(葡萄糖0.3%,酵母提取液0.1%,溶于蒸馏水中,pH6.5),置于28℃,并做轻微摇动(50rpm)的条件下长18-24小时,至生长静止期,(大约2,8×108细胞/毫升,相当于干重14毫克/毫升)。
以100毫升的菌培养液种于1000毫升的Winge培养基中,按上述条件保温培养。
此1000毫升培养液再接种到装有10升的Winge培养基的发酵罐中,酵母在28℃下生长,50rpm轻微搅拌,通气量为1升/分钟,维持pH为6.5,直至生长静止期(大约在24小时后达到2.8-4.8×108细胞/毫升),只有在生长期间可控制检验酵母细胞的数量。
培养基中的细胞可通过低速离心(300rpm)30分钟收集,用无菌蒸馏水洗三次,再悬于pH5.0的柠檬酸缓冲液中(223克柠檬酸钠/升蒸馏水),使浓度达到2-4%,于121℃的高压下灭菌处理3小时。
离心收集菌体,并悬于1%的无菌氢氧化钠溶液中使浓度为2-4%,100℃油浴加热24小时,离心并以消毒蒸馏水洗涤三次至中性,最后离心(5000rpm)30分钟,将沉淀重悬于0.5M无菌乙酸中使浓度达到2-4%,再在80℃的油浴中处理24小时。
离心沉淀物以无菌蒸馏水洗三次至中性。
交替用氢氧化钠和乙酸重复处理两次。
离心收集沉淀并悬浮于含有2%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的Tris-EDTA-巯基乙醇缓冲液中(Thri:0.1M,EDTA:5mM,巯基乙醇100mM,pH6.5),浓度为2-4%,煮沸1.5小时。
然后沉淀物再通过离心方法用无菌食盐蒸馏水洗涤三次,葡聚糖中可能残留的SDS可通过溶解于DMSO,再用水抽提法除去。
约1克葡聚糖悬浮于25毫升DMSO中,77℃下搅拌直至完全溶解,轻微搅拌此溶液15分钟,并加入65毫升的蒸馏水,水的加入会使葡聚糖沉淀,将混合液轻微搅拌5分钟,再加入65毫升蒸馏水,以3500rpm离心混合物5分钟,去除上清液。
进一步向沉淀加少量水,并轻微地搅拌,重复整个步骤直至DMSO:水为1∶19,因而整个步骤是重复使用了两倍体积的DMSO/水混合液。
经最后洗涤后,离心收集的产物置一盘中于60℃烘箱中24小时。
整个过程的产率大约是每升发酵培养液可获得1.8-2.2克。
将本产品溶于DMSO-d6采用Bruker AC300仪在75MHz及70℃条件下记录C13质谱结果,经综合分析,103与86ppm相当于β(1-3)键,60.7与70ppm相当于β(1-6)键,计算得知两种键的比例为1∶1。与已知的葡聚糖,如在US4992540和EP0416343(Biopolymers 27:1055,1988)中提到的此比例相比有很大不同,US499540为65∶35(β1-3∶β1-6),而EP0416343为35∶65。
按Dubis的方法(Anal.Chem.28,350,1956)测定的己糖值为96.4%(US4992540中叙述的为96-97%)。
本品在100℃的三氟乙酸中完全酸水解12小时后,在上行的纸层析(溶剂系统为:吡啶∶乙酸乙酯∶水=2∶5∶7)中显示出一个Rf值与葡萄糖相当的单点。
按Loury方法计算的蛋白质含量约为0.16%(US4992540中叙述的葡聚糖中蛋白质含量为0.78)。
生物活性检测根据文献(Marcomi.P.et al.Iufeetion and Immunity,50(1):297-303,1985)报导的方法生产出的葡聚糖,以0.1-1毫克之间的剂量进行腹腔注射,在体外实验前5天,用采用腹腔渗出液和脾细胞的细胞悬液进行对YAC-1敏感的抗肿瘤NK细胞实验,结果见表1与表2,从表中可知本发明葡聚糖产品的免疫值剂活性明显高于已知的产品。
综上所述,药理学一般特性及其良好药理特点-主要指其耐受性和无过敏及过敏性现象-本发明葡聚糖产品适用于治疗肿瘤疾病,细菌或病毒感染症,以及任何希望调节免疫系统的病例:为此,本品将制成多种药用形式以适合于口服、非肠胃用、直肠内用或局部使用,例如片剂、胶囊、香粉、糖浆、溶液、小药水瓶装、乳状液、胶状、喷雾等任何方便形式,日用量由医生根据病情分析及病人本身条件(体重、性别、年龄)决定,剂量为0.1-50mg/kg,分一次或多次服用。
Claims (8)
1、具有下述特征的葡聚糖:
-β(1-3)与β(1-6)键之比为1∶1;
-几丁质的重量含量为3-5%;
-残留蛋白质的含量低于0.3%;
-不含甘露聚糖;
-增强NK细胞的体外细胞毒活性。
2、权利要求1的葡聚糖可从酵母细胞中得到。
3、权利要求2的葡聚糖可从嗜热酿酒酵母或白色念珠菌中获得。
4、权利要求3的葡聚糖可从白色念珠菌ATCC20955中获得。
5、制备权利要求1-4的葡聚糖的方法,其包括:
a)在含低葡萄糖的液体培养基中培养微生物;
b)在高于100℃高压消毒处理细胞;
c)反复用氢氧化钠和稀有机酸提取;
d)用去污剂高温处理提取物。
6、权利要求5的方法,其中涉及到的去污剂为1-5%的十二烷基硫酸钠。
7、将权利要求1-5的葡聚糖用于制备具有免疫刺激活性的药物。
8、含权利要求1-5的葡聚糖作主要成份及适宜载体的药物组合物。
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IT92A001967 | 1992-08-10 | ||
ITMI921967A IT1256035B (it) | 1992-08-10 | 1992-08-10 | Glucani ad attivita' immunostimolante |
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EP (1) | EP0654047A1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1082056A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU4706393A (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1256035B (zh) |
MX (1) | MX9304793A (zh) |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101117356B (zh) * | 2007-09-17 | 2010-06-09 | 中国农业大学 | 一种水不溶性β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖的制备方法 |
CN101885784A (zh) * | 2010-07-20 | 2010-11-17 | 三峡大学 | 一种魔芋细胞液体培养葡甘聚糖的方法 |
CN1823092B (zh) * | 2003-07-16 | 2012-10-17 | 斯隆-凯特林癌症研究院 | 提高治疗的葡聚糖 |
US8563531B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2013-10-22 | Biothera, Inc. | Methods of using beta glucan as a radioprotective agent |
US8883760B2 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2014-11-11 | University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. | Cancer therapy using beta glucan and antibodies |
CN105907714A (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-31 | 王晓冰 | 一种改良的nk细胞培养方法 |
WO2020034948A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | Lifenergy Biotech Corp. | Method for in vitro activation of immune cells |
Families Citing this family (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP0490995A1 (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1992-06-24 | Alpha Beta Technology | Method for producing soluble glucans |
US5811542A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1998-09-22 | Alpha-Beta Technology, Inc. | Method for producing soluble glucans |
US5622939A (en) * | 1992-08-21 | 1997-04-22 | Alpha-Beta Technology, Inc. | Glucan preparation |
US5488040A (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1996-01-30 | Alpha-Beta Technology, Inc. | Use of neutral soluble glucan preparations to stimulate platelet production |
FR2728269A1 (fr) * | 1994-12-20 | 1996-06-21 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de traitement d'un mout de fermentation contenant du polysaccharide |
DE19629118C2 (de) * | 1996-07-19 | 2001-11-29 | Mibelle Ag Cosmetics Buchs | Verfahren zur Isolierung von Glucan aus Hefe |
US6046323A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 2000-04-04 | The Collaborative Group, Ltd. | Conformations of PPG-glucan |
AU6261999A (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2000-04-17 | Collaborative Group, Ltd., The | Very high molecular weight beta-glucans |
US6369216B1 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2002-04-09 | Biopolymer Engineering Pharmaceutical, Inc. | Very high molecular weight β-glucans |
EP1414865B1 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2014-04-09 | Abac R & D Ag | Isolation of glucan particles and uses thereof |
SK285346B6 (sk) | 2004-01-14 | 2006-11-03 | Pleuran, S. R. O. | Spôsob prípravy fungálneho glukánového hydrogélu s antibakteriálnymi a imunostimulačnými účinkami |
BR112023016249A2 (pt) * | 2021-02-14 | 2023-11-14 | Amyris Bio Products Portugal Unipessoal Lda | Glucanos de leveduras, métodos e usos dos mesmos |
CN114376231A (zh) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-22 | 汤臣倍健股份有限公司 | 酵母-β-葡聚糖在制备具有增强免疫力的药品或保健食品中的应用 |
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US4992540A (en) * | 1984-11-28 | 1991-02-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Glucan composition and process for preparation thereof |
IT1232310B (it) * | 1989-09-04 | 1992-01-28 | Consiglio Nazionale Ricerche | Processo per la preparazione di un prodotto contenente glucano a partire da candida albicans bmm-12 |
EP0490995A1 (en) * | 1989-09-08 | 1992-06-24 | Alpha Beta Technology | Method for producing soluble glucans |
-
1992
- 1992-08-10 IT ITMI921967A patent/IT1256035B/it active IP Right Grant
-
1993
- 1993-08-03 WO PCT/EP1993/002063 patent/WO1994003500A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-08-03 EP EP93917731A patent/EP0654047A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1993-08-03 AU AU47063/93A patent/AU4706393A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-08-06 MX MX9304793A patent/MX9304793A/es unknown
- 1993-08-06 CN CN93109362A patent/CN1082056A/zh active Pending
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8563531B2 (en) | 2002-08-13 | 2013-10-22 | Biothera, Inc. | Methods of using beta glucan as a radioprotective agent |
US8883760B2 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2014-11-11 | University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. | Cancer therapy using beta glucan and antibodies |
US9522187B2 (en) | 2002-09-04 | 2016-12-20 | University Of Louisville Research Foundation, Inc. | Cancer therapy using beta glucan and antibodies |
CN1823092B (zh) * | 2003-07-16 | 2012-10-17 | 斯隆-凯特林癌症研究院 | 提高治疗的葡聚糖 |
CN101117356B (zh) * | 2007-09-17 | 2010-06-09 | 中国农业大学 | 一种水不溶性β-1,3/1,6-葡聚糖的制备方法 |
CN101885784A (zh) * | 2010-07-20 | 2010-11-17 | 三峡大学 | 一种魔芋细胞液体培养葡甘聚糖的方法 |
CN105907714A (zh) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-08-31 | 王晓冰 | 一种改良的nk细胞培养方法 |
WO2020034948A1 (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | Lifenergy Biotech Corp. | Method for in vitro activation of immune cells |
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ZA935730B (en) | 1994-03-03 |
ITMI921967A1 (it) | 1994-02-10 |
ITMI921967A0 (it) | 1992-08-10 |
EP0654047A1 (en) | 1995-05-24 |
MX9304793A (es) | 1994-05-31 |
WO1994003500A1 (en) | 1994-02-17 |
IT1256035B (it) | 1995-11-21 |
AU4706393A (en) | 1994-03-03 |
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