CN108186747A - 一种治疗下尿路感染的中药组合物颗粒剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种治疗下尿路感染的中药组合物颗粒剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗下尿路感染的中药组合物及其制备方法。该中药组合物包含萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草按一定重量配比配置而成。它可以被制成任何一种常规制剂。本发明中药组合物具有清热解毒,利湿通淋的功效,用于湿热下注证,症见尿频、尿急、尿痛、尿道灼热;舌红,苔薄黄,脉滑数;下尿路感染见上述症状者。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种治疗下尿路感染的中药组合物及其制备方法,属于中药的技术领域。
背景技术
下尿路感染是指膀胱和尿道由细菌感染引发的炎症病变。又有膀胱炎、尿道炎之称。膀胱炎又分为急性膀胱炎和复发性膀胱炎。下尿路感染几乎全部为继发于泌尿系及泌尿系外的病变,而绝大多数是由革兰氏阴性菌引致,女性发生率是男性的10倍。
临床表现为:(1)急性膀胱炎、尿道炎的典型症状有排尿烧灼感或疼痛,尿急和尿频,耻骨区痛,脓尿或血尿。严重血尿多见于女性患者;(2)全身症状主要为发热、乏力。如伴见腰背痛、恶寒、发热、恶心呕吐等全身中毒症状,表明为有肾脏感染;(3)复发性膀胱炎多见于中老年女性,表现为尿频、尿急、夜尿,膀胱充盈时耻骨上疼痛,排尿后减轻。可有镜下血尿。
目前临床上治疗下尿路感染多选用强力霉素、米诺环素、克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、加替沙星、甲砜霉素等四环素类、大环内酯类、喹诺酮类、胱胺醇类抗生素进行治疗。但这类药物对人体都有较强的毒副作用,并且容易产生抗药性,疗效并不是很理想。中医认为,下尿路感染属于中医学“淋证”、“淋浊”、等范畴,病因多因房事不洁或感染秽浊之邪,阻滞下焦,蕴结膀胱,化热化火,导致膀胱气化不利,肝郁气滞,气血瘀阻而致。病因病机在于湿热,多采用清热解毒、利湿通淋的方法以达到标本兼治的目的。同时中药复方制剂治疗此病不易产生耐药菌株,且副作用小,既简单又安全。因此研究开发治疗下尿路感染中药制剂前景广阔,经济社会效益显著。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新的中药组合物,该组合物具有清热解毒,利湿通淋的功效,用于湿热下注证,症见尿频、尿急、尿痛、尿道灼热;舌红,苔薄黄,脉滑数;下尿路感染见上述症状者。
本发明的另一目的是提供上述中药组合物的制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
本发明是由下述重量份的原料制成的:萹蓄3-30份、野菊花1-20份、石韦 3-30份、蒲公英1-20份、赤芍1-20份、夏枯草1-20份、桔梗1-20份、甘草1-20 份。
优选的重量份为:萹蓄5-15份、野菊花3-10份、石韦5-15份、蒲公英3-10 份、赤芍3-10份、夏枯草3-10份、桔梗3-10份、甘草3-10份。
更优选为:萹蓄8-12份、野菊花5-8份、石韦8-12份、蒲公英5-8份、赤芍4-6份、夏枯草5-8份、桔梗5-8份、甘草4-6份。
最佳优选为:萹蓄10份、野菊花6份、石韦9份、蒲公英6份、赤芍5份、夏枯草6份、桔梗6份、甘草5份。
其中,甘草是指生甘草。
中医认为,下尿路感染的病因病机的中心在于湿热,其主要症状即是明显的湿热之证。应采用清热解毒、利湿通淋的方法以达到标本兼治的目的。
该中药组合物的作用机理如下:
萹蓄:为蓼科一年生草本植物萹蓄的干燥地上部分。苦,微寒。归膀胱经。该品苦降下行,通利膀胱,苦燥又能杀虫除湿止痒,主要用于淋痛及湿疹。药理研究显示:萹蓄具有补肾、清肝明目、利尿的功能;主治淋痛、湿疹、泌尿系统感染、结石、血尿等症;现代研究表明,萹蓄具有利尿、降压、抗菌、止血等作用;煎剂20g/kg给予盐水负荷的大鼠后,尿量、钠钾排出均增加,特别是钾的排出较多,其灰分亦有同样效果。浓度为25%的全草煎剂对福氏痢疾杆菌和宋内氏痢疾杆菌皆有抑制作用。1:10浓度的煎剂对须疮癣菌、毛羊状小芽胞菌有抑制作用。40%水煎剂对葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、皮肤真菌均有抑制作用。
野菊花:为菊科植物野菊、北野菊或岩香菊的头状花序。味辛、苦。归肺、肝经。具有清热解毒,疏风平肝的功效,用于疔疮,痈疽,丹毒,湿疹,皮炎,风热感冒,咽喉肿痛,高血压病等。药理研究表明,野菊花水提物与挥发油均具有较强的抑菌和抗病毒活性。药理研究:野菊花水提物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、白喉杆菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓假单胞菌、福氏志贺菌有较强的抑制作用,而对肺炎链球菌的抑制作用较弱;野菊花水提物体外抑菌试验表明:对脲原体生长抑制作用明显。水提取物具有抗病毒活性。
石韦:为水龙骨科植物石韦,庐山石韦、毡毛石韦、有柄石韦、北京石韦或西南石韦的叶。味苦、甘,性凉。归肺、膀胱经。具有利水通淋,清肺泄热的功效,用于治淋痛,尿血,尿路结石,肾炎,崩漏,痢疾,肺热咳嗽,慢性气管炎,金疮,痈疽等。药理研究文献表明:石韦煎剂用平板打洞法、对金黄色葡萄球菌及变形杆菌有抑制作用;水溶性的异芒果甙具有显着的抗单纯疱疹病毒作用。药理研究表明:石韦的药理作用为具有利尿通淋,清热止血的功效,用于热淋、血淋、石淋、小便不通、淋沥涩痛。含有杧果苷和异杧果苷经药理研究证明有抑菌和抗单纯疱疹病毒、为镇咳祛痰的有效成分,绿原酸也有抗菌、兴奋中枢神经系统等作用。有柄石韦中含有(±)圣草酚7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖醛酸苷和绿原酸不但含量高,而且前者具有一定的PKC抑制活性,后者具有抗菌、抗炎和抗病毒等活性。
蒲公英:为菊科植物蒲公英、碱地蒲公英或同属数种植物的干燥全草。甘,微苦,寒。清热解毒,消肿散结。主要用于上呼吸道感染,眼结膜炎,流行性腮腺炎,高血糖,乳痈肿痛,胃炎,痢疾,肝炎,胆襄炎,急性阑尾炎,泌尿系感染,盆腔炎,痈疖疔疮,咽炎,治急性乳腺炎,淋巴腺炎,瘰疠,疔毒疮肿,急性结膜炎,感冒发热,急性扁桃体炎,急性支气管炎、尿路感染等。药理实验表明:经大量研究证实,蒲公英具有广谱的抑菌作用;孙继梅等观察了蒲公英对临床常见203株分离菌的体外抑菌活性,并进行了体外最小抑菌浓度(MIC)测定。结果显示,蒲公英水煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、肺炎球菌、β-溶血性链球菌,肠球杆菌、大肠埃希均、肺炎克雷伯菌、枸橼酸杆菌、绿脓杆菌、流感嗜血杆菌、白色念球菌、等临床常见感染菌有抑菌活性,尤其对革兰阳性、阴性球菌有较好的抑制作用。
赤芍:为毛茛科植物芍药或川赤芍的干燥根。味苦,性微寒。归肝经。具有清热凉血,散瘀止痛的功效,可用于温毒发斑,吐血衄血,目赤肿痛,肝郁胁痛,经闭痛经,症瘕腹痛,跌扑损伤,痈肿疮疡等。药理学研究表明赤芍抑制血小板聚集,改善红细胞的通透性,增加红细胞对低渗张力的抗性,有一定稳定红细胞膜结构的作用。另外,赤芍总苷能明显延长大鼠和小鼠的凝血时间,并能延长电刺激大鼠颈总动脉血栓形成的时间,提示赤芍总苷通过对凝血系统和血小板功能的影响而产生抗血栓作用。赤芍是传统的活血化瘀类中药,有较强的抗动脉粥样硬化作用;该药也能扩张冠脉血管,增加冠脉血流量从而增加心肌营养性血流量;保护缺血心肌,提高心肌对低氧的耐受性;降低肺血管阻力,减轻后负荷。同时赤芍能够降低门脉高压,对微循环也有影响。赤芍具有抗炎、抗变态反应作用,清除活性氧自由基的作用,还具有滋补强壮作用,对神经系统也有一定作用。
夏枯草:为唇形科植物夏枯草的干燥果穗。性寒,味甘、辛、微苦,具有清泄肝火、散结消肿、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、凉血止血的功效,适用于淋巴结核、甲状腺肿、乳痈、头目眩晕、口眼歪斜、筋骨疼痛、肺结核、血崩、带下、急性传染性黄疸型肝炎及细菌性痢疾等。药理研究表明:夏枯草中多糖成分具有抗HSV-1、HSV-2(单纯疱疹病毒)的作用,还具有明显抗HIV-1(人类免疫缺陷病毒)的作用;马德恩通过大鼠耳肿胀、足肿胀实验表明夏枯草水煎醇沉液对早期炎症反应有显著抑制作用;秦雯通过夏枯草醇提取物对大肠杆菌抑制效果的研究,说明夏枯草对大肠杆菌有明显的抑菌效果。王放银对抗菌成分提取工艺及其抑菌效果进行了具体研究,结果表明夏枯草提取液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、青霉和黑曲霉均有明显的抑菌作用。
桔梗:为桔梗科植物桔梗的干燥根部,味苦、辛,性微温。入肺经。有宣肺、祛痰、利咽、排脓、利五脏、补气血、补五劳、养气的作用。用于咳嗽痰多、咽喉肿痛、肺痈吐脓、胸满胁痛、痢疾腹痛、口舌生疮、目赤肿痛、小便癃闭。用于咳嗽痰多,胸闷不畅,咽痛,音哑,肺痈吐脓,疮疡脓成不溃。药理研究表明:桔梗具有开宣肺气,祛痰排脓之功效,具有祛痰、镇咳、抗炎、降血压、扩张血管、解热、镇痛、降血糖、抗过敏、抗肿瘤及提高免疫力等广泛的药理活性。桔梗的活性物质基础主要为三萜皂苷。桔梗皂苷能抑制iNOS和COX-2,是通过阻止NF-kB(核转录因子 KB)的活性。减少iNOS和COX-2基因表达来实现,从而达到抗炎镇痛作用;桔梗水提取可显著刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞增生,抑制细胞增殖;通过抑制胰脂肪酸活性来抑制对食物脂肪的吸收作用。
甘草:为豆科植物甘草、胀果甘草或光果甘草的干燥根及根茎。味甘,性平。归心、肺、脾、胃经。具有补脾益气,清热解毒,祛痰止咳,缓急止痛,调和诸药的功效,用于脾胃虚弱,倦怠乏力,心悸气短,咳嗽痰多,腕腹、四肢挛急疼痛,痈肿疮毒,缓解药物毒性、烈性等。药理研究表明:甘草水煎剂在体外能明显抑制绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、链球菌、枯草杆菌。甘草水煎剂抑制金黄色葡萄球菌时MIC 相当于8×10-4g/L的庆大霉素;对绿脓杆菌、变形杆菌的MIC相当于 7×10-4g/L的庆大霉素;其对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC相当于4×10-4g/L庆大霉素;对表皮葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、甲型链球菌的MIC分别相当于2×10-4、 5X 10-4、3X 10-4g/L庆大霉素。文献报导甘草多糖有明显的抗水泡性口炎病毒、腺病毒I型、单纯疱疹病毒I型、牛痘病毒的活性。
本发明中,萹蓄、野菊花为君药,石韦、蒲公英为臣药,赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗为佐药,甘草为使药。各药物之间功效产生协同作用,为治疗下尿路感染的有效方剂。
本发明药物可以采用中药制剂的常规方法制备成任何常规的制剂,包括口服制剂,外用制剂,注射剂等。例如可以将这些原料药研成粉末混合均匀;可以将所述重量份的原料药分别加水或不同浓度的乙醇提取,提取液浓缩干燥得粗提物,或采用精制方法,例如,水提醇沉法、有机溶剂萃取法、柱层析法、二氧化碳超临界萃取法、水蒸气蒸馏法进行精制得到精提物。
在使用上述药物时,既可以采用以相当于所述重量配比的药物为原料分别净选,干燥、粉碎、混合得到符合制剂要求粒度的颗粒或粉末直接服用。也可以采用以相当于所述重量配比关系的药物为原料经过适当处理后添加药用辅料,根据需要将其制成各种制剂。由上述原料药制备成制剂的过程中,上述原料药可以采用如下方法进行处理:将所述重量份的原料药直接粉碎得药材粉末;或分别加水或不同浓度的乙醇提取或采用水提醇沉法、离心法、水蒸气蒸馏法提取得提取物;在对上述有效药用成分进行提取时可采用的具体操作和/或使用方法,既可以是以所述的各比例量的药物成分为原料,分别提取其有效药用成分后再混合的方式,也可以采用按所说比例量的各药物原料混合后再共同提取的方式。采用不同的提取手段、设备及提取时所需的理想或最佳的提取温度、溶剂用量、提取时间、提取次数等具体条件,则可根据实际情况通过试验被筛选和找到。
为了使该药物的各原料更好的发挥药效,优选对原料中的萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加水提取。但不能用于限制本发明的保护范围。
该中药组合物的制备方法为:
所述重量份的萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草单独或合并加水提取,滤过,合并滤液,适当浓缩,离心或者加乙醇使沉淀,静置,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,即得本发明药物的活性成分。
该中药组合物的优选的制备方法具体为:
所述重量份的萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草单独或合并加8~12倍量水提取1~4次,每次0.5~3小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达50~90%,静置,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,即得本发明药物的活性成分。
其中,
加水提取的条件优选为:加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时;
加乙醇沉淀的条件优选为:加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时。
本发明中药组合物的制备方法还可以为:
所述重量份的萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草单独或合并加8~12倍量水提取1~4次,每次0.5~3小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~1.10,离心,上清液继续浓缩至稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,即得本发明药物的活性成分。
其中,
加水提取的条件优选为:加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时。
以上任意一种方法制备得到的活性成分可以直接入药服用或加入药剂学上可接受的辅料按常规工艺制备成所需制剂。如可以制成常用的片剂(分散片、泡腾片、口腔崩解片、含片、咀嚼片、泡腾片)、胶囊剂(硬胶囊、软胶囊剂)、颗粒剂、丸剂(滴丸剂)、散剂等固体制剂形式的口服药物,也可以制成糖浆、口服液等液体制剂形式的口服药物;还可以制成膏剂、凝胶剂、软膏剂、巴布剂、贴膏剂、搽剂、洗剂、涂膜剂等外用制剂形式的外用药物。因此,该药物组合物中除有效成分外,还可以含有药学上可以接受的辅料。
这里所述的片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂等制剂的制备工艺中涉及制粒工艺的采用湿法制粒或者一步制粒。
这里所述的辅料,可以根据不同的制剂有所不同,如在片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂等固体制剂中常用的稀释剂、崩解剂、赋形剂、粘合剂、润滑剂、表面活性剂、填充剂等;在糖浆、口服液等液体制剂形式中常用的表面活性剂、稀释剂、防腐剂、稳定剂、矫味剂、增稠剂、助流剂等;在凝胶剂、软膏剂等外用制剂形式中常用的药用油性基质、水性基质、防腐剂、抗氧剂、保湿剂、透皮吸收促进剂、表面活性剂等。
其常用辅料如淀粉、乳糖、糊精、糖粉、微晶纤维素、甘露醇、木糖醇、聚乙二醇、硫酸钙、磷酸氢钙、碳酸钙、改良淀粉、山梨醇、聚乙烯吡咯酮、重质碳酸镁、羧甲基纤维素钠、羟丙甲基纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲淀粉钠、羟丙基纤维素、聚维酮K30、白陶土、预胶化淀粉、硬脂酸镁、滑石粉、微粉硅胶、甜叶菊苷、甜菜碱、阿司帕坦、甘草甜素、糖精钠、枸橼酸、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠、卡拉胶、琼脂、明胶、海藻酸钠、黄原胶、瓜耳豆胶、西黄耆胶、阿拉伯胶、槐豆胶、刺梧桐胶、硬脂酸、单硬脂酸甘油酯、聚丙烯酰胺、交联型聚丙烯酸钠、聚乙烯醇、卡波姆、山梨酸、山梨酸钾、羟苯乙酯、苯甲醇、尼泊金、硫柳汞、二甲基亚砜、氮酮、三乙醇胺、氢氧化钠、甘油、丙二醇、BHT、 BHA、十二烷基硫酸钠、吐温类、司盘类等。
对于上面提到的制剂,其制备方法举例如下:
颗粒剂采用如下方法制备:
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~1.10,离心,上清液继续浓缩至稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入适量辅料,混匀,湿法制粒或者一步制粒,干燥,整粒,即得颗粒剂。
片剂采用如下方法制备:
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入适量辅料,混匀,湿法制粒或者一步制粒,干燥,加入适量硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片,包衣或不包衣,即得片剂。
口服液体制剂采用如下方法制备:
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,适当浓缩,加入适量的混悬剂、调味剂、防腐剂,混匀,加水定容,滤过,分装,即得液体口服制剂。
凝胶剂采用如下方法制备:
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,加入凝胶基质、保湿剂、防腐剂,搅拌使溶解,放置,使充分溶胀,加溶剂调至全量,搅拌均匀,制成凝胶,即得凝胶剂。
软膏剂采用如下方法制备:
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,适当浓缩,备用;取硬脂酸、单硬脂酸甘油酯、十八醇、十六醇、轻质液状石蜡、中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(GTCC)、丁羟甲苯(BHT)适量,85℃加热熔融,作为油相;另取甘油、丙二醇、硬脂酸聚烃氧(40)酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯S-15、三梨酸钾适量,加入药液和适量纯化水中溶解,加热至85℃,作为水相;将水相缓缓加入油相中,85℃保温乳化,转速为2000r/min,乳化15分钟后,继续搅拌冷却至40℃左右,搅拌15分钟,分装,即得软膏剂。
上述制备方法仅对本发明所提制法进行列举,但不应将此理解为本发明制备方法仅仅限于上述所列举方法。
本发明以中医理论为依据,采用上述的有效药物相互配合组方,在研究并汇集历代传统名方特长的同时,结合现代科学研究的成果而成的临床验方。试验结果显示,其在治疗下尿路感染方面效果确切。
根据上述内容,在不脱离本发明基本技术思想前提下,按照本领域的普通技术知识和惯用手段,显然还可以作出其他多种形式的修改、替换和变更。
以下通过实施例形式的具体实施方式,对本发明的上述内容作进一步的详细说明。但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
具体实施方式:
实施例1
萹蓄1110g、野菊花666g、石韦999g、蒲公英666g、赤芍555g、夏枯草666g、桔梗666g、生甘草555g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~ 1.10,离心,上清液继续浓缩至稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入蔗糖、糊精、阿斯巴甜适量,混匀,一步制粒,干燥,整粒,即得颗粒剂。
实施例2
萹蓄555g、野菊花1110g、石韦555g、蒲公英1110g、赤芍333g、夏枯草 1110g、桔梗333g、生甘草1110g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~ 1.10,离心,上清液继续浓缩至稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入乳糖、甘露醇适量,混匀,一步制粒,干燥,整粒,即得颗粒剂。
实施例3
萹蓄1665g、野菊花333g、石韦1665g、蒲公英333g、赤芍1110g、夏枯草 333g、桔梗1110g、生甘草333g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~ 1.10,离心,上清液继续浓缩至稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入微晶纤维素、乳糖适量,混匀,一步制粒,干燥,整粒,即得颗粒剂。
实施例4
萹蓄333g、野菊花2220g、石韦333g、蒲公英2220g、赤芍111g、夏枯草 2220g、桔梗111g、生甘草2220g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入适量预胶化淀粉、二氧化硅、滑石粉,混匀,一步制粒,干燥,加入适量硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片,即得片剂。
实施例5
萹蓄3330g、野菊花111g、石韦3330g、蒲公英111g、赤芍2220g、夏枯草 111g、桔梗2220g、生甘草111g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~ 1.10,离心,上清液继续浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入羧甲基淀粉钠、微粉硅胶、微晶纤维素、交联聚维酮适量,混匀,湿法制粒,干燥,加入适量硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片,即得片剂。
实施例6
萹蓄1332g、野菊花555g、石韦1332g、蒲公英555g、赤芍666g、夏枯草 555g、桔梗888g、生甘草444g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~ 1.10,离心,上清液继续浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,一步制粒,干燥,整粒,即得颗粒剂。
实施例7
萹蓄1110g、野菊花666g、石韦999g、蒲公英666g、赤芍555g、夏枯草666g、桔梗666g、生甘草555g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次2小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~ 1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置18小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入淀粉、低取代羟丙基纤维素适量,混匀,一步制粒,干燥,加入适量硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片,包衣,即得片剂。
实施例8
萹蓄555g、野菊花1110g、石韦555g、蒲公英1110g、赤芍333g、夏枯草 1110g、桔梗333g、生甘草1110g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加12倍量水提取1次,每次3小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~ 1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置24小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入乳糖、甘露醇适量,混匀,湿法制粒,干燥,加入适量硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片,包衣,即得片剂。
实施例9
萹蓄1665g、野菊花333g、石韦1665g、蒲公英333g、赤芍1110g、夏枯草 333g、桔梗1110g、生甘草333g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加8倍量水提取4次,每次0.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置18小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入微晶纤维素、乳糖适量,混匀,湿法制粒,干燥,加入适量硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片,包衣,即得片剂。
实施例10
萹蓄333g、野菊花2220g、石韦333g、蒲公英2220g、赤芍111g、夏枯草 2220g、桔梗111g、生甘草2220g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~ 1.10,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入适量微晶纤维素、甘露醇,混匀,一步制粒,干燥,整粒,即得颗粒剂。
实施例11
萹蓄3330g、野菊花111g、石韦3330g、蒲公英111g、赤芍2220g、夏枯草111g、桔梗2220g、生甘草111g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取2次,每次2小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~ 1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达80%,静置18小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入羧甲基淀粉钠、微粉硅胶、微晶纤维素、交联聚维酮适量,混匀,一步制粒,干燥,加入适量硬脂酸镁,混匀,压片,包薄膜衣,即得片剂。
实施例12
萹蓄1332g、野菊花555g、石韦1332g、蒲公英555g、赤芍666g、夏枯草 555g、桔梗888g、生甘草444g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加9倍量水提取3次,每次2小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~1.10,离心,上清液继续浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,混匀,湿法制粒,干燥,装入胶囊,即得胶囊剂。
实施例13
萹蓄888g、野菊花888g、石韦888g、蒲公英888g、赤芍444g、夏枯草888g、桔梗555g、生甘草666g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加11倍量水提取2次,每次2.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~ 1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达50%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入乳糖、甘露醇适量,混匀,湿法制粒,干燥,整粒,即得颗粒剂。
实施例14
萹蓄999g、野菊花777g、石韦999g、蒲公英666g、赤芍555g、夏枯草777g、桔梗777g、生甘草555g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次2小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达90%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入蔗糖、阿司帕坦,糊精适量,混匀,一步制粒,干燥,即得颗粒剂。
实施例15
萹蓄444g、野菊花1665g、石韦444g、蒲公英1665g、赤芍222g、夏枯草 1665g、桔梗222g、生甘草1665g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加12倍量水提取2次,每次1.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~ 1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达60%,静置24小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入辅料适量,混匀,制成丸剂。
实施例16
萹蓄2220g、野菊花222g、石韦2220g、蒲公英333g、赤芍1221g、夏枯草 222g、桔梗1665g、甘草333g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加9倍量水提取4次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~1.10,离心,上清液继续浓缩至稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,制成散剂。
实施例17
萹蓄999g、野菊花777g、石韦888g、蒲公英555g、赤芍666g、夏枯草555g、桔梗555g、生甘草666g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取2次,每次3小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~ 1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,加入凝胶基质、保湿剂、防腐剂,搅拌使溶解,放置,使充分溶胀,加溶剂调至全量,搅拌均匀,制成凝胶,即得凝胶剂。
实施例18
萹蓄1221g、野菊花555g、石韦1110g、蒲公英777g、赤芍444g、夏枯草 777g、桔梗777g、甘草444g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加10倍量水提取2次,每次3小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,适当浓缩,加入适量的混悬剂、调味剂、防腐剂,混匀,加水定容,滤过,分装,即得口服液体制剂。
实施例19
萹蓄888g、野菊花1221g、石韦777g、蒲公英1332g、赤芍1221g、夏枯草 222g、桔梗444g、生甘草1221g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取2次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~ 1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达80%,静置,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,适当浓缩得药液,备用;取硬脂酸、单硬脂酸甘油酯、十八醇、十六醇、轻质液状石蜡、中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(GTCC)、丁羟甲苯(BHT)适量,85℃加热熔融,作为油相;另取甘油、丙二醇、硬脂酸聚烃氧(40)酯、蔗糖硬脂酸酯S-15、三梨酸钾适量,加入药液和适量纯化水中溶解,加热至85℃,作为水相;将水相缓缓加入油相中,85℃保温乳化,转速为2000r/min,乳化15分钟后,继续搅拌冷却至 40℃左右,搅拌15分钟,分装,即得软膏剂。
实施例20
萹蓄666g、野菊花777g、石韦1110g、蒲公英777g、赤芍888g、夏枯草666g、桔梗222g、甘草888g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,将稠膏粉、聚丙烯酸(NP-700)、氢氧化铝、氮酮加入甘油中搅拌均匀,再加入0.1%酒石酸水溶液,研磨均匀,涂于弹力布上,盖衬,分切,即得贴膏剂。
实施例21
萹蓄1221g、野菊花999g、石韦1221g、蒲公英444g、赤芍999g、夏枯草 444g、桔梗999g、生甘草444g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加9倍量水提取2次,每次2.5小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达90%,静置24小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味,适当浓缩,制成洗剂。
实施例22
萹蓄444g、野菊花1110g、石韦555g、蒲公英777g、赤芍666g、夏枯草222g、桔梗999g、甘草555g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加8倍量水提取 3次,每次2小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.05~1.10,离心,上清液继续浓缩至稠膏,加入适量辅料,制成栓剂。
实施例23
萹蓄1221g、野菊花999g、石韦1221g、蒲公英444g、赤芍999g、夏枯草 444g、桔梗999g、生甘草444g
萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次2小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~ 1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,备用;将基质加热熔融,加入上述细粉,搅匀,60-80℃保温,滴入冷凝介质中,待滴丸冷却后取出,沥净并擦除冷凝介质,即得滴丸剂。
通过以下实验进一步阐述本发明所述中药组合物的有益效果:
一、药理实验研究
1、实验材料
本发明中药组合物(实施例1)、Wister大鼠、昆明小鼠。
2、实验方法与结果
2.1抗菌试验
称取本发明中药组合物适量,加灭菌蒸馏水稀释备用。取各菌种接种营养琼脂平板,淋球菌接种巧克力色平板,白色念珠菌接种沙保氏琼脂平板。在各琼脂板上打孔,孔径5mm,取稀释试药加入各孔内,置37℃温箱内培养24小时,淋球菌置37℃CO2温箱内培养24小时,观察各琼脂平板上药物抑菌直径。结果见表1。
表1本发明中药组合物抑菌试验结果
结果表明,本发明中药组合物对所试菌株均具有不同程度的抑菌作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌、淋球菌的抑菌作用最强。
本发明实施例2-23进行了相似的抑菌试验,结果与上述结果相同。
2.2利尿试验
取大鼠30只,体重200±20g,雌雄各半,随机分为3组,用代谢笼法收集药前 1小时尿液,随后灌胃给药或蒸馏水,收集每只大鼠药后1、2、3、4小时的尿液,结果见表2。
表2本发明中药组合物利尿试验结果
注:与空白对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
结果表明,本发明中药组合物能明显增加给药后大鼠的尿量。
本发明实施例2-23进行了相似的利尿试验,结果与上述结果相同。
2.3镇痛试验
小鼠30只,雄性,体重18~22g,随机分为3组,每组10只。灌胃给药1 次。给药后1h,每只小鼠腹腔注射0.6%冰醋酸溶液0.2ml/只致痛,立即观察记录小鼠在20min内出现的扭体次数,结果见表3。
表3本发明中药组合物镇痛试验结果
注:与空白对照组比较,*P<0.05,**P<0.01
结果表明,本发明中药组合物能显著减少醋酸引起的扭体次数。
发明实施例2-23进行了相似的镇痛试验,结果与上述结果相同。
综上,本发明中药组合物具有抗菌、利尿、镇痛的作用。
二、临床观察
1、病例资料
下尿路感染患者共50例。其中治疗组30例,年龄20-65岁,病程2天-6周。治疗组与对照组年龄、性别、诊断、病情轻重、病程等分布基本一致,差异无统计学意义。
2、观察方法
2.1治疗方法
治疗组口服本发明中药组合物(实施例1),l日3次,2周为l个疗程。对照药采用国家基本药物中药制剂三金片,每次口服4片,l日3次,疗程与治疗组一致。
2.2疗效制定标准
分为近期治愈、显效、有效和无效。
近期治愈:临床症状、体征消失,尿常规检查3次均正常,尿菌检查连续2次以上阴性;
显效:临床症状、体征消失或基本消失,尿常规接近正常,尿菌阴性;
有效:临床症状、体征减轻,尿常规明显改善,尿培养偶有阳性;
无效:症状、体征及尿检无改善。
结果见表4。
表4本发明中药组合物治疗尿道炎与对照组疗效比较
结果表明,两组疗效经统计学处理,P<0.05,治疗组总有效率为90%,对照组总有效率为85%,表明治疗组疗效优于对照组,提示本发明中药组合物对治疗下尿路感染有很好的疗效。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗下尿路感染的中药组合物,其特征在于,它是由下列重量份的原料药制成的:萹蓄5-15份、野菊花3-10份、石韦5-15份、蒲公英3-10份、赤芍3-10份、夏枯草3-10份、桔梗3-10份、甘草3-10份,所述中药组合物的制备方法为:
所述重量份的萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加8~12倍量水提取1~4次,每次0.5~3小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达50~90%,静置,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入适量辅料,混匀,湿法制粒或者一步制粒,干燥,整粒,制备成颗粒剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的制备方法为:
所述重量份的萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、甘草加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10~1.15,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入适量辅料,混匀,湿法制粒或者一步制粒,干燥,整粒,制备成颗粒剂。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的制备方法为:
所述重量份的萹蓄、野菊花、石韦、蒲公英、赤芍、夏枯草、桔梗、生甘草,加10倍量水提取3次,每次1小时,滤过,合并滤液,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.10,加乙醇使含醇量达70%,静置12小时,滤过,滤液减压回收乙醇,浓缩至60℃测时相对密度为1.30~1.35的稠膏,干燥,粉碎成细粉,加入适量微晶纤维素、甘露醇,混匀,一步制粒,干燥,整粒,制备成颗粒剂。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物在制备治疗下尿路感染药物中的应用。
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