CN108180240B - 双管液压阻尼器 - Google Patents

双管液压阻尼器 Download PDF

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CN108180240B
CN108180240B CN201711455541.3A CN201711455541A CN108180240B CN 108180240 B CN108180240 B CN 108180240B CN 201711455541 A CN201711455541 A CN 201711455541A CN 108180240 B CN108180240 B CN 108180240B
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M·西科拉
W·帕尔卡
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BeijingWest Industries Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/341—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages comprising noise-reducing or like features, e.g. screens
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/10—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium using liquid only; using a fluid of which the nature is immaterial
    • F16F9/14—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect
    • F16F9/16—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts
    • F16F9/18—Devices with one or more members, e.g. pistons, vanes, moving to and fro in chambers and using throttling effect involving only straight-line movement of the effective parts with a closed cylinder and a piston separating two or more working spaces therein
    • F16F9/185—Bitubular units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G13/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers
    • B60G13/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally
    • B60G13/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally of fluid type
    • B60G13/08—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of vibration dampers having dampers dissipating energy, e.g. frictionally of fluid type hydraulic
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/3207—Constructional features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/34—Special valve constructions; Shape or construction of throttling passages
    • F16F9/348—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body
    • F16F9/3484—Throttling passages in the form of annular discs or other plate-like elements which may or may not have a spring action, operating in opposite directions or singly, e.g. annular discs positioned on top of the valve or piston body characterised by features of the annular discs per se, singularly or in combination
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/44—Means on or in the damper for manual or non-automatic adjustment; such means combined with temperature correction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • F16F9/512—Means responsive to load action, i.e. static load on the damper or dynamic fluid pressure changes in the damper, e.g. due to changes in velocity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
    • F16F9/32—Details
    • F16F9/50—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics
    • F16F9/516—Special means providing automatic damping adjustment, i.e. self-adjustment of damping by particular sliding movements of a valve element, other than flexions or displacement of valve discs; Special means providing self-adjustment of spring characteristics resulting in the damping effects during contraction being different from the damping effects during extension, i.e. responsive to the direction of movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/10—Independent suspensions
    • B60G2200/17—Independent suspensions with a strut contributing to the suspension geometry by being articulated onto the wheel support
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2306/00—Other features of vehicle sub-units
    • B60Y2306/09—Reducing noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2228/00—Functional characteristics, e.g. variability, frequency-dependence
    • F16F2228/04—Frequency effects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F2230/00—Purpose; Design features
    • F16F2230/16—Purpose; Design features used in a strut, basically rigid

Abstract

双管液压阻尼器。公开了一种机动车辆双管阻尼器，其包括：填充有工作液体的管，可滑动地设置在管内的活塞组件将管分成回弹腔室和压缩腔室。补偿腔室位于管的外部。包括回弹阀组件和压缩阀组件的底阀组件控制工作液体在补偿腔室和压缩腔室之间的流动。回弹阀组件包括被主偏转盘覆盖的多个回弹流动通道。为了抑制由于在阻尼器冲程方向的快速变化期间发生的压力波动而由偏转盘产生的振动，回弹阀组件包括附加偏转盘，该附加偏转盘设置在主偏转盘的上方并通过环形间隙与主偏转盘间隔开，该环形间隙具有小于主偏转盘的厚度的厚度(G)。

Description

双管液压阻尼器
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及一种双管液压阻尼器，尤其涉及一种具有回弹阀组件的阻尼器，尤其是在车辆速度较低的情况下，所述阻尼器具有改善的降噪。
背景技术
机动车辆悬架环境中的双管液压阻尼器组件受到许多不同类型的应力以及高度可变的振幅和频率的压缩和回弹。典型的双管组件内的活塞杆的高频振动可能导致咔嗒响的(rattle)、杂乱的和敲击的噪音，并且当阻尼器是车辆悬架系统的一部分时，甚至在乘客车厢内也可以听到这些振动。咔嗒响的噪音强度和出现取决于特定的车辆悬架设置和车辆底盘的声学性能。尽管如此，这些噪音主要在低振幅，高频率的阻尼器冲程转换时出现，例如在由石板(也称为比利时块)铺成的道路上以大约12至25英里每小时(20至40公里/小时)的相对低的速度行驶时出现。最令人讨厌的(irritate)咔嗒响的噪音在范围为300-600Hz的活塞杆振动频率处出现。车辆底盘和活塞杆的端部处的上支承座(mount)的不良隔离参数以及与低车速(该咔嗒响的噪音在该低车速时出现)相关的低等级背景噪音也使得车辆驾驶员和乘客难于忽略该噪音。
本发明人已经发现，这些振动是由于尤其出现在活塞的冲程方向的快速改变期间的压力波动而由回弹底阀(base valve)组件的偏转盘(deflective disc)产生的。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种双管液压阻尼器，其中这些振动将被显著地抑制，并且因此它们产生的咔嗒响的噪音会显著降低。还希望以成本效益且简单的制造方法来实现这个目的。
现有技术公开了提供液压阻尼器的声学性能的改进的其它解决方案。例如，公开US2012292147公开了一种双管阻尼机构，其具有活塞主体，该活塞主体设置有底阀组件，该底阀组件具有被称为速度敏感阀的附加偏转盘，该附加偏转盘通过垫片与主偏转盘间隔开。该速度敏感阀盘限定了多个槽或孔，当速度敏感阀盘处于其关闭位置时，所述多个槽或孔允许流体的流动。例如在公开US5813500、DE2727407、GB2347728、US2015247545、DE102008042251和JPH10220515中公开了设置在阻尼器活塞组件上的各种其它噪音和振动抑制装置。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种双管液压阻尼器，尤其是一种机动车辆悬架(suspension)阻尼器，其包括填充有工作液体的管和可滑动地设置在管内的活塞组件，从而将管分成回弹腔室和压缩腔室，其中活塞组件附接到活塞杆，该活塞杆通过密封的活塞杆引导件通向阻尼器的外部。补偿腔室位于管的外部，并且底阀组件位于压缩腔室的一端，其中，底阀组件包括回弹阀组件和压缩阀组件，以分别在阻尼器的回弹冲程和压缩冲程期间控制工作液体在补偿腔室与压缩腔室之间的流动。回弹阀组件设置有主偏转盘，该主偏转盘与底阀主体的座配合，底阀主体上设有与管的内表面相距一定距离的环形突起，并通常覆盖底阀主体的流动通道。回弹阀组件还设置有设置在主偏转盘上方的附加偏转盘，并通过厚度等于或小于主偏转盘的厚度的轴向环形间隙与主偏转盘间隔开。优选地，环形间隙的厚度等于或大于主偏转盘的厚度的40％。最优选地，环形间隙的厚度在0.18至0.4毫米(mm)的范围内。优选地，附加偏转盘的半径等于主偏转盘的半径。优选地，附加偏转盘的厚度大于或等于主偏转盘的厚度。最优选地，附加偏转盘具有与所述主偏转盘的厚度相同的厚度。优选地，回弹阀组件设置有垫片，该垫片将主偏转盘与附加偏转盘间隔开并限定环形间隙。优选地，附加偏转盘设置有多个轴向贯穿开口。主偏转盘与附加偏转盘之间的轴向环形间隙中的工作液体薄膜引入粘滞力，由此耗散回弹阀组件振荡的能量，其消除了最令人讨厌的咔嗒响的噪音。如本领域技术人员已知的，术语“粘滞”是“静摩擦”的一种体现(portmanteau)。耗散的效率与主偏转盘与附加偏斜盘之间的相对轴向速度成比例，并因此与附加偏转盘的刚度成正比，因为工作液体的径向流动耗散更多的能量。附加偏转盘的刚度和尺寸以及主偏转盘与附加偏转盘之间的间隙宽度的选择提供了可用于减小回弹阀组件振荡的振幅和频率的调节参数。还有益的是，实现本发明不需要对阻尼器进行实质性改变。
附图说明
以下结合附图对本发明进行描述和说明，其中：
图1是根据本发明的双管阻尼器的示意性横截面图；
图2是图1中所示的底阀组件的放大的轴向横截面图；
图3是沿图2中所示的平面P-P的图1中所示的底阀组件的放大横截面图；
图4是例示出了与以虚线示出的典型的现有技术阻尼器相比的、以实线示出的如图1中所示的根据本发明的阻尼器的活塞杆加速度的曲线图；
图5是例示出了与图4对应的活塞杆加速度振幅相对于活塞杆振动频率的曲线图，以实线示出了根据本发明的阻尼器，并且以虚线示出了现有技术的阻尼器；以及
图6例示出了包括图1中所示的根据本发明的阻尼器的车辆悬架的一部分。
具体实施方式
图1中例示出的是根据本发明的双管阻尼器1的实施方式，该双管阻尼器1可以用在如图6中所示的典型的机动车辆悬架中。阻尼器1包括外管2和填充有粘性工作液体的主管3。在主管3内部，可移动的活塞组件4附接到活塞杆5的一端，活塞杆5通过密封的活塞杆引导件6通向阻尼器1的外部。顶部安装件9固定到活塞杆5的另一端。阻尼器1还设置有固定在主管3的一端处的底阀组件7。活塞组件4与主管3的内表面滑动配合，并且将主管3分成位于活塞杆引导件6与活塞组件4之间的回弹腔室11和位于活塞组件4与底阀组件7之间的压缩腔室12。补偿腔室13位于底阀组件7的另一侧，在主管3与外管2之间的空间中。
活塞组件4设置有压缩阀组件42和回弹阀组件41，以在活塞组件4运动时控制工作液体穿过活塞组件4在回弹腔室11与压缩腔室12之间的流动。底阀组件7也设置有回弹阀组件71和压缩阀组件72，以分别在阻尼器1的回弹冲程和压缩冲程期间控制工作液体穿过底阀组件7在补偿腔室13和压缩腔室12之间的流动。
如图2和图3所示，底阀组件7的压缩阀组件72包括一叠(stack)弹性偏转盘721，其覆盖形成在底阀组件7的主体73中的多个等角度间隔开的压缩流动通道722。回弹阀组件71进而包括弹性主偏转盘711，其覆盖形成在主体73中的多个等角度间隔开的回弹流动通道712，如图所示，所述回弹流动通道712相对于压缩流动通道722位于径向外部。
在回弹流动通道712的出口处，在主体73中形成环形凹座713，使得这些通道712的出口在被盘711覆盖的同时流体连通，并且均衡在回弹冲程期间作用在盘711上的工作液体的压力。座713在其径向外侧被环形突起714包围，并且在其径向内侧被第二环形突起715包围。
为了耗散在阻尼器1操作期间回弹阀组件7的振荡的能量，底阀组件7还包括附加偏转盘716，其位于主偏转盘711的上方并且通过垫片717与主偏转盘711间隔开，垫片717限定主偏转盘711与附加偏转盘716之间的环形阻尼间隙8。
主偏转盘711、附加偏转盘716和弹性偏转盘721的径向内部区域以及垫片717通过穿过主体73的中心开口的螺栓75夹紧在一起，并且通过拧在螺栓75的外螺纹上的螺纹台肩螺母74固定在压缩腔室12中。
在该实施方式中，主偏转盘711和附加偏转盘716的半径R1和R2是相同的并且大约为14.5mm。此外，主偏转盘711和附加偏转盘716二者都具有大约0.4mm的相同厚度T1和T2。优选地，附加偏转盘716具有等于或大于主偏转盘711的厚度的厚度。垫片717的厚度以及因此环形阻尼间隙8的厚度G也大约为0.2mm。阻尼器管3的内径R3约为16.01mm。优选地，环形间隙8的厚度(G)大于或等于主偏转盘711的厚度的40％。最优选地，G的厚度为0.18mm至0.4mm。
为了在阻尼器1的压缩冲程期间提供工作液体流入压缩流动通道722以偏转压缩盘721，回弹阀组件71的主偏转盘711在压缩流动通道722的区域中设置有多个(优选地，两个)肾形贯穿开口7111。类似地，附加偏转盘716在相对于主偏转盘711的开口7111旋转90°(度)的压缩流动通道722的区域中设置有多个(优选地，两个)肾形贯穿开口7161，以使得开口7111和开口7161部分重叠。
显然，间隙8的形状和尺寸提供了可用于减小盘711振荡的振幅和频率的调节参数。
如图4中所示，根据本发明的阻尼器1已经在涉及测量经历正弦激励的活塞杆5的加速度的测试中进行了研究。然后在时域中分析测量结果，并如图5中所示使用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)将所述测量结果转换到频域。在图4和图5两者中，来自根据本发明设计的阻尼器的结果以实线示出，而来自现有技术阻尼器(与本发明不一致之处在于其不包括间隙8(G)或附加偏转盘716)的结果以虚线示出。
如图4和图5中所示的测试证明了，根据本发明的环形阻尼间隙8和附加偏转盘716相对于没有环形阻尼间隙8的类似阻尼器提供了显著的改进，并因此在高频阻尼器冲程转换期间产生的咔哒响的噪音显著降低。更准确地说，具有环形间隙8提供了：最大加速度幅度高达约25.2％的显著减小(ΔA)；周期性振荡的持续时间的显著减少(Δt)；以及在200-600Hz频率范围内的均方根(RMS)加速度值的高达37.9％的显著降低(ΔRMS)。这是发生最令人讨厌的咔嗒响的噪音的频率范围。
在图6中，示出了示例性车辆悬架的一部分的示意性例示，其包括本发明的阻尼器1，该阻尼器1借助顶部安装件102和设置在顶部安装件102的上表面的外围的多个螺钉103附接到车辆底盘101。顶部安装件102连接到本发明的液压阻尼器1的螺旋弹簧104和活塞杆5。阻尼器1的管2连接到支撑车轮106的转向节105。
本发明的上述实施方式仅仅是示例性的。附图不一定按比例绘制，并且某些特征可能被放大或最小化。然而，这些和其它因素不应被认为是限制本发明的精神，期望的保护范围在所附权利要求中指出。
本申请要求2017年1月24日提交的美国临时申请No.62/449,640以及2017年12月13日提交的序列号为15/841,224的美国正式专利申请的权益。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于机动车辆悬架的双管液压阻尼器(1)，所述双管液压阻尼器(1)包括：
管(3)，所述管(3)填充有工作液体；
活塞组件(4)，所述活塞组件(4)能够滑动地设置在所述管(3)内、将所述管分成回弹腔室(11)和压缩腔室(12)并且附接到活塞杆(5)，所述活塞杆(5)通过密封的活塞杆引导件(6)通向所述阻尼器的外部；
补偿腔室(13)，所述补偿腔室(13)位于所述管的外部；
底阀组件(7)，所述底阀组件(7)位于所述压缩腔室(12)的一端，其中，所述底阀组件(7)包括回弹阀组件(71)和压缩阀组件(72)，以分别在所述阻尼器(1)的回弹冲程和压缩冲程期间控制所述工作液体在所述补偿腔室(13)与所述压缩腔室(12)之间的流动；并且
所述回弹阀组件(71)设置有由主偏转盘(711)覆盖的多个回弹流动通道(712)，所述回弹阀组件(71 )还设置有附加偏转盘(716)，所述附加偏转盘(716)设置在所述主偏转盘(711)的上方并且通过环形间隙(8)与所述主偏转盘(711)间隔开，所述环形间隙(8)具有小于或等于所述主偏转盘(711)的厚度的厚度(G)，
其中，所述附加偏转盘(716)具有等于所述主偏转盘(711)的外径(R1)的外径(R2)，
其中，所述回弹阀组件(71)设置有垫片(717)，所述垫片(717)将所述主偏转盘(711)与所述附加偏转盘(716)间隔开并且限定所述环形间隙(8)，
其中，所述环形间隙(8)的所述厚度(G)是恒定的，并且等于所述垫片(717)的厚度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双管液压阻尼器，其中，所述环形间隙(8)的所述厚度(G)大于或等于所述主偏转盘(711)的所述厚度的40％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的双管液压阻尼器，其中，所述环形间隙(8)的所述厚度(G)在0.18mm至0.4mm的范围内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的双管液压阻尼器，其中，所述附加偏转盘(716)的厚度(T2)大于或等于所述主偏转盘(711)的厚度(T1)。
5.根据权利要求1所述的双管液压阻尼器，其中，所述附加偏转盘(716)设置有多个轴向贯穿开口(7161)。
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US15/841,224 US10578183B2 (en) 2017-01-24 2017-12-13 Twin-tube hydraulic damper with a vibration suppressing device
US15/841,224 2017-12-13

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