CN108157085B - Winter wheat planting method - Google Patents

Winter wheat planting method Download PDF

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CN108157085B
CN108157085B CN201711454545.XA CN201711454545A CN108157085B CN 108157085 B CN108157085 B CN 108157085B CN 201711454545 A CN201711454545 A CN 201711454545A CN 108157085 B CN108157085 B CN 108157085B
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parts
winter wheat
weight
fertilizer
wheat seeds
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CN108157085A (en
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吴全忠
翟云龙
陈国栋
汪志强
毛廷勇
曹琦
徐鹏
陈旭
黄光伟
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Tarim University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/06—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings
    • A01N43/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom five-membered rings condensed with a carbocyclic ring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
    • A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
    • A01N59/08—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A01N65/22—Lamiaceae or Labiatae [Mint family], e.g. thyme, rosemary, skullcap, selfheal, lavender, perilla, pennyroyal, peppermint or spearmint
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
    • A01N65/44—Poaceae or Gramineae [Grass family], e.g. bamboo, lemon grass or citronella grass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02—Superphosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
    • C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/54—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids

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  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for planting winter wheat, which is carried out according to a conventional planting method and further comprises the following steps: the method is used for treating winter wheat seeds and comprises the following steps: putting winter wheat seeds into acetic acid aqueous solution containing chitosan, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, and introducing ozone into the acetic acid aqueous solution in the ultrasonic treatment process; taking out winter wheat seeds, washing the winter wheat seeds with water, taking out, drying, placing the winter wheat seeds in a magnetic field for treatment, and adding the winter wheat seeds into a seed soaking solution for soaking after far infrared radiation; then taking out and naturally airing, and then processing in the electric field intensity; further comprising: fertilizer is additionally applied in three stages of tillering, booting and heading of winter wheat; applying leaf fertilizer in the flowering period. The winter wheat planting method provided by the invention manages from seed treatment, and through scientific treatment, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, and the yield of the winter wheat is improved; the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, so that the insect-proof effect is good, the absorption of trace elements by winter wheat can be promoted, and the nutritive value of the winter wheat is improved.

Description

Winter wheat planting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method of winter wheat.
Background
Wheat is one of the main grain crops in China, plays an important role in the development of national economy in China, and is an important foundation for ensuring the safety of Chinese grains. China is a large population country and one of countries in the world with scarce cultivated land resources per capita, so the problem of food supply is concerned deeply and is the greatest importance of China. In the past, the productivity level of China is low, the planting density of wheat is high, and under the condition that the temperature in winter is increased at present, the winter wheat overwintering mortality is effectively reduced, and the planting risk is reduced; meanwhile, the flowering period is prolonged, the pre-flowering vegetative growth time is fully obtained, and a certain positive effect on the growth of winter wheat is also achieved. However, the temperature is higher, which brings many disadvantages, the precipitation amount is less due to the temperature rise, the evaporation of the soil moisture is accelerated, and the water content of the soil is rapidly reduced. The water supply is insufficient, the function which can be exerted by inhibiting the increase of heat resources is inhibited, and the yield change of the winter wheat is greatly increased. The rising of the air temperature in winter increases uncertain factors in the production of winter wheat, and under the condition, the contradiction between the population and the individual of the wheat becomes a main obstacle factor for further improving the yield of the wheat.
The wheat planting process mainly comprises the steps of land preparation, ridging, seed selection, seeding, fertilization, thinning, pesticide application, watering and the like. In the prior art, the planting efficiency of wheat is not high, and optimization treatment is not carried out on some planting steps, so that the planting of winter wheat cannot achieve an ideal effect, and the germination rate of the winter wheat is low, the germination speed is low, and the yield of the winter wheat is low.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and/or disadvantages and to provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for planting winter wheat according to a conventional planting method at 350-400 kg/hm2Seeding, further comprising: the method is used for treating winter wheat seeds and comprises the following steps: putting winter wheat seeds into an acetic acid aqueous solution containing 0.5-0.8 mg/mL of chitosan, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min at 20-30 ℃, and introducing ozone into the acetic acid aqueous solution during the ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ozone introducing speed is 50-100L/min; taking out winter wheat seeds, washing the winter wheat seeds with water, taking out the winter wheat seeds, drying the winter wheat seeds, placing the winter wheat seeds in a magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 50mT for 10min, carrying out far infrared radiation for 8min, and then adding the winter wheat seeds into a seed soaking solution for soaking for 1-3 h; then taking out and naturally drying, and then treating for 60-100 s in a pulse electric field with the electric field intensity of 70-80 kV/cm, the pulse width of 10-15 mus and the pulse frequency of 100-120 Hz;
further comprising: additionally applying fertilizers in three stages of tillering, booting and heading of winter wheat, wherein 80-100 kg of fertilizers are applied per mu; applying a foliar fertilizer in the flowering period, wherein 20-30 kg of the foliar fertilizer is applied per mu; and the dilution multiple of the foliar fertilizer is 600-800 times.
Preferably, the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.5-1.5 parts of borax, 1-5 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 0.1-0.5 part of nano titanium dioxide, 5-10 parts of modified diatomite, 1-3 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 1-2 parts of radix puerariae extract, 1-3 parts of agilawood extract, 0.2-0.3 part of polyoxyethylene ether, 0.2-0.3 part of graphene oxide and 0.1-0.5 part of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps: adding 30-50 parts by weight of diatomite, 5-10 parts by weight of ammonium molybdate, 5-10 parts by weight of molybdenum nitrate, 1-3 parts by weight of ammonium oxalate, 3-5 parts by weight of iminodisuccinate chelated zinc and 100 parts by weight of water into a sealed container, sealing, placing in an electron accelerator of 2.5MeV and 40mA for irradiation stirring treatment, filtering, drying and calcining to obtain modified diatomite; the irradiation dose rate of irradiation is 100-200 kGy/h, the irradiation dose is 200-400 kGy, and the stirring speed is 200 r/min; the calcining process comprises the following steps: adding the dried material into a rotary roasting furnace, and introducing CO at the flow rate of 50-100 mL/min2Simultaneously heating to 250 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 450 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 120min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 1-2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60min to obtain modified diatomite; the rotating speed of the rotary furnace is 3-10 r/min.
Preferably, the seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-0.8 part of gibberellin, 2-5 parts of potassium nitrate, 8-12 parts of polyethylene glycol, 12-15 parts of sodium chloride, 2-3 parts of bamboo vinegar, 1-2 parts of tea polyphenol, 3-5 parts of chitosan, 1-3 parts of citric acid, 1-3 parts of allicin, 1-2 parts of cynomorium songaricum extract, 2-4 parts of mint extract, 1-3 parts of honeysuckle extract and 150-300 parts of rice washing water.
Preferably, in the second step, the process of adding the winter wheat seeds into the seed soaking solution for soaking comprises: firstly, placing a seed soaking solution in a constant temperature tank, selecting a probe type pulse ultrasonic instrument to treat the seed soaking solution for 10-15 minutes, then adding winter wheat seeds into the seed soaking solution, continuously treating for 10-15 minutes, inserting a probe of the probe type pulse ultrasonic instrument into the mixed solution for 3-5 cm, keeping the liquid level height of the mixed solution at 8-10 cm, controlling the pulse time at 8-12 s and the duty ratio at 60-85%, controlling the temperature in the constant temperature tank at 20-25 ℃, and controlling the sound intensity at 100-300W/cm2The ultrasonic frequency is 20-30 kHz, and the processing time is 10-15 minutes; the diameter of the probe is 10 mm.
Preferably, the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 10-20 parts by weight of modified konjac glucomannan, 20-25 parts by weight of polyacrylamide, 0.05 part by weight of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 20 parts by weight of ethanol and 100 parts by weight of water into a supercritical reaction device, introducing carbon dioxide to 40-60 MPa after the system is sealed, stirring and reacting for 1-3 hours at 75 ℃, then removing the pressure of the carbon dioxide, adding 3-5 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 parts by weight of nitrogen fertilizer, 1-3 parts by weight of potash fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part by weight of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol lactic acid, 1-3 parts by weight of brassinolide, 1-2 parts by weight of cooked indate, 1-3 parts by weight of dodecyl betaine and 1-3 parts by weight of iminodisuccinate chelated zinc, injecting carbon dioxide again until the pressure is 35-50 MPa, stirring for 1-3 hours at 50 ℃, releasing the pressure, filtering and drying to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified konjac glucomannan comprises the following steps: and (2) adding 30-50 parts by weight of konjac glucomannan into 1-2 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, stirring for 30-60 min, filtering, and drying to obtain the konjac glucomannan.
Preferably, the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate and diammonium phosphate.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate.
Preferably, the potash fertilizer is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, plant ash and potassium nitrate.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects: the winter wheat planting method provided by the invention manages from seed treatment, and through scientific treatment, the germination rate of the seeds is improved, and the yield of the winter wheat is improved; in the process of treating the seeds, a hormone treating agent is not used, so that pollution is avoided, and the variation of winter wheat can be effectively prevented from influencing the quality of the winter wheat; and the foliar fertilizer is sprayed, so that the insect-proof effect is good, the absorption of trace elements by winter wheat can be promoted, and the nutritive value of the winter wheat is improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
It should be noted that, in the planting method of winter wheat of the present invention, the experimental methods described in the following embodiments, if not specified, are all conventional methods, including but not limited to weeding, thinning, irrigating, harvesting, etc.; the reagents and materials are commercially available, unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
a winter wheat planting method is carried out according to a conventional planting method and according to 375kg/hm2Seeding, further comprising: the method is used for treating winter wheat seeds and comprises the following steps: putting winter wheat seeds into an acetic acid aqueous solution containing 0.5mg/mL chitosan, performing ultrasonic treatment at 20 ℃ for 10min, and introducing ozone into the acetic acid aqueous solution during the ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ozone introducing speed is 50L/min; taking out winter wheat seeds, washing with water, taking out, drying, treating in a magnetic field with the magnetic field strength of 50mT for 10min, irradiating with far infrared for 8min, and soaking in seed soaking solution for 3 h; then taking out and naturally airing, and then treating for 60s in a pulse electric field with the electric field intensity of 80kV/cm, the pulse width of 15 mus and the pulse frequency of 100 Hz; the mass fraction of acetic acid in the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1.2%, and a commercially available germination accelerating seed soaking solution is adopted;
further comprising: fertilizing fertilizers additionally in three periods of tillering, booting and heading of winter wheat, wherein 80kg of fertilizers are applied per mu; applying 30kg of foliar fertilizer per mu in the flowering period; the dilution multiple of the foliar fertilizer is 800 times; the foliar fertilizer is a commercially available foliar fertilizer;
the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of urea, 25 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1.5 parts of borax, 5 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 0.1 part of nano titanium dioxide, 10 parts of modified diatomite, 3 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 2 parts of radix puerariae extract, 3 parts of agilawood extract, 0.3 part of polyoxyethylene ether, 0.3 part of graphene oxide and 0.5 part of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.
Example 2:
a winter wheat planting method is carried out according to a conventional planting method and according to 375kg/hm2Seeding, further comprising: the method is used for treating winter wheat seeds and comprises the following steps: putting winter wheat seeds into an acetic acid aqueous solution containing 0.6mg/mL chitosan, performing ultrasonic treatment at 25 ℃ for 10min, and introducing ozone into the acetic acid aqueous solution during the ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ozone introducing speed is 80L/min; taking out winter wheat seeds, washing with water, taking out, drying, treating in a magnetic field with the magnetic field strength of 50mT for 10min, irradiating with far infrared for 8min, and soaking in seed soaking solution for 2 h; then taking out and naturally airing, and then processing for 80s in a pulse electric field with the electric field intensity of 75kV/cm, the pulse width of 12 mus and the pulse frequency of 120 Hz; the mass fraction of acetic acid in the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1.2%, and a commercially available germination accelerating seed soaking solution is adopted;
further comprising: fertilizing 90kg of fertilizer per mu in three periods of tillering, booting and heading of winter wheat; applying leaf fertilizer in the flowering period, wherein 25kg of leaf fertilizer is applied per mu; the dilution multiple of the foliar fertilizer is 700 times;
the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of urea, 20 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 1 part of borax, 3 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 0.3 part of nano titanium dioxide, 8 parts of modified diatomite, 2 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 1 part of radix puerariae extract, 2 parts of agilawood extract, 0.2 part of polyoxyethylene ether, 0.2 part of graphene oxide and 0.3 part of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps: adding 30 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5 parts of molybdenum nitrate, 3 parts of ammonium oxalate, 5 parts of iminodisuccinate chelated zinc and 100 parts of water into a sealed container, sealing, placing the container in an electron accelerator of 2.5MeV and 40mA for irradiation stirring treatment, filtering, drying and calcining to obtain the modified diatomite(ii) a The irradiation dose rate of irradiation is 100kGy/h, the irradiation dose is 200kGy, and the stirring speed is 200 r/min; the calcining process comprises the following steps: adding the dried material into a rotary roasting furnace, and introducing CO at a flow rate of 100mL/min2Simultaneously heating to 250 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 450 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 120min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60min to obtain modified diatomite; the rotating speed of the rotary furnace is 3-10 r/min.
The remaining process parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 4:
the preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps: adding 50 parts of diatomite, 10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 8 parts of molybdenum nitrate, 2 parts of ammonium oxalate, 3 parts of iminodisuccinate chelated zinc and 100 parts of water into a sealed container, sealing, placing in an electron accelerator of 2.5MeV and 40mA for irradiation stirring treatment, filtering, drying and calcining to obtain modified diatomite; the irradiation dose rate of irradiation is 200kGy/h, the irradiation dose is 400kGy, and the stirring speed is 200 r/min; the calcining process comprises the following steps: adding the dried material into a rotary roasting furnace, and introducing CO at a flow rate of 100mL/min2Simultaneously heating to 250 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 450 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 120min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60min to obtain modified diatomite; the rotating speed of the rotary furnace is 5 r/min.
The remaining process parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 5:
in the second step, the process of adding the winter wheat seeds into the seed soaking solution for soaking is as follows: firstly, placing seed soaking liquid in a constant temperature tank, selecting a probe type pulse ultrasonic instrument to treat the seed soaking liquid for 10 minutes, then adding winter wheat seeds into the seed soaking liquid, continuously treating for 15 minutes, inserting a probe of the probe type pulse ultrasonic instrument into the mixed liquid for 5cm, keeping the liquid level height of the mixed liquid for 10cm, the pulse time for 8s and the duty ratio for 65 percent, and controlling the temperature in the constant temperature tankAt 25 ℃ and the sound intensity of 300W/cm2Ultrasonic frequency is 30kHz, and processing time is 15 minutes; the diameter of the probe is 10 mm;
the seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.8 part of gibberellin, 5 parts of potassium nitrate, 12 parts of polyethylene glycol, 15 parts of sodium chloride, 3 parts of bamboo vinegar, 2 parts of tea polyphenol, 5 parts of chitosan, 3 parts of citric acid, 3 parts of allicin, 2 parts of cynomorium songaricum extract, 4 parts of mint extract, 1 part of honeysuckle extract and 300 parts of rice washing water are taken.
The remaining process parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 6:
in the second step, the process of adding the winter wheat seeds into the seed soaking solution for soaking is as follows: firstly, placing seed soaking liquid in a constant temperature tank, selecting a probe type pulse ultrasonic instrument to treat the seed soaking liquid for 10 minutes, then adding winter wheat seeds into the seed soaking liquid, continuously treating for 10 minutes, inserting a probe of the probe type pulse ultrasonic instrument into the mixed liquid for 5cm, keeping the liquid level height of the mixed liquid for 10cm, controlling the pulse time to be 12s and the duty ratio to be 85%, controlling the temperature to be 25 ℃ in the constant temperature tank and the sound intensity to be 300W/cm2Ultrasonic frequency is 20kHz, and processing time is 10 minutes; the diameter of the probe is 10 mm;
the seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.6 part of gibberellin, 3 parts of potassium nitrate, 10 parts of polyethylene glycol, 15 parts of sodium chloride, 3 parts of bamboo vinegar, 1 part of tea polyphenol, 3 parts of chitosan, 2 parts of citric acid, 2 parts of allicin, 2 parts of cynomorium songaricum extract, 2 parts of mint extract, 2 parts of honeysuckle extract and 200 parts of rice washing water.
The remaining process parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 7:
the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 20 parts by weight of modified konjac glucomannan, 25 parts by weight of polyacrylamide, 0.05 part by weight of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 20 parts by weight of ethanol and 100 parts by weight of water into a supercritical reaction device, introducing carbon dioxide to 60MPa after a system is sealed, stirring and reacting for 3 hours at 75 ℃, then removing the pressure of the carbon dioxide, adding 3 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts by weight of nitrogen fertilizer, 3 parts by weight of potash fertilizer, 0.5 part by weight of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lactic acid, 2 parts by weight of brassinolide, 2 parts by weight of indate, 3 parts by weight of dodecyl betaine and 1 part by weight of iminodisuccinate chelated zinc, injecting carbon dioxide again to 35-50 MPa, stirring for 1 hour at 50 ℃, releasing pressure, filtering and drying to obtain a leaf fertilizer; the preparation method of the modified konjac glucomannan comprises the following steps: adding 30 parts by weight of konjac glucomannan into 2mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, stirring for 60min, filtering, and drying to obtain the konjac glucomannan;
the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate; the nitrogen fertilizer is ammonium nitrate; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
The remaining process parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 1.
Example 8:
the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer comprises the following steps: adding 15 parts by weight of modified konjac glucomannan, 20 parts by weight of polyacrylamide, 0.05 part by weight of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 20 parts by weight of ethanol and 100 parts by weight of water into a supercritical reaction device, introducing carbon dioxide to 50MPa after a system is sealed, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 75 ℃, then removing the pressure of the carbon dioxide, adding 3 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts by weight of nitrogen fertilizer, 3 parts by weight of potash fertilizer, 0.2 part by weight of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lactic acid, 2 parts by weight of brassinolide, 1 part by weight of indole ester, 2 parts by weight of dodecyl betaine and 2 parts by weight of iminodisuccinate chelated zinc, injecting carbon dioxide again to 40MPa, stirring for 2 hours at 50 ℃, releasing the pressure, filtering and drying to obtain a leaf fertilizer; the preparation method of the modified konjac glucomannan comprises the following steps: adding 30 parts by weight of konjac glucomannan into 1mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, stirring for 60min, filtering, and drying to obtain the konjac glucomannan;
the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the potash fertilizer is potassium chloride.
The remaining process parameters and procedures were exactly the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 1:
a method for planting winter wheat comprises the following steps:
a winter wheat planting method is carried out according to a conventional planting method and according to 375kg/hm2To carry outSeeding, still include: the method is used for treating winter wheat seeds and comprises the following steps: putting winter wheat seeds into an acetic acid aqueous solution containing 0.5mg/mL chitosan, performing ultrasonic treatment at 20 ℃ for 10min, and introducing ozone into the acetic acid aqueous solution during the ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ozone introducing speed is 50L/min; taking out winter wheat seeds, washing with water, taking out, drying, treating in a magnetic field with the magnetic field strength of 50mT for 10min, irradiating with far infrared for 8min, and soaking in seed soaking solution for 3 h; then taking out and naturally airing, and then treating for 60s in a pulse electric field with the electric field intensity of 80kV/cm, the pulse width of 15 mus and the pulse frequency of 100 Hz; the mass fraction of acetic acid in the acetic acid aqueous solution is 1.2%; adopting a commercially available germination accelerating seed soaking solution;
further comprising: fertilizing fertilizers additionally in three periods of tillering, booting and heading of winter wheat, wherein 80kg of fertilizers are applied per mu; applying 30kg of foliar fertilizer per mu in the flowering period; the dilution multiple of the foliar fertilizer is 800 times; the foliar fertilizer is a commercially available foliar fertilizer;
the fertilizer adopts nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer sold in the market.
Three winter wheat bases with the area of 30 mu are taken, and the method of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 3 and the comparative example 1 is respectively adopted to plant winter wheat; two winter wheat bases are adjacent, the planting methods are consistent, statistics shows that the disease and pest incidence rate of comparative example 1 is 15.5%, the disease and pest incidence rate of example 1 is 5.6%, the disease and pest incidence rate of example 3 is 5.4%, the average yield per mu of comparative example 1 is 585.35kg, and the average yield per mu of example 1 is 670.23 kg; example 3 average yield per mu of 726.23 kg.
The method of example 1, example 2, example 5, example 6 and example 8 is respectively adopted to plant winter wheat, the planting plots are adjacent, the germination rate, the disease and pest incidence rate and the yield per mu of each group of seeds are observed, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
Bud ratio Disease and insect pest incidence (%) Yield per mu (kg)
Example 1 96.8％ 5.4％ 670.23
Example 2 96.6％ 5.3％ 672.15
Example 5 99.7％ 1.5％ 703.58
Example 6 99.8％ 1.3％ 705.25
Three winter wheat bases with the area of 30 mu are taken, and the method of the embodiment 1, the embodiment 7 and the embodiment 8 is respectively adopted to plant winter wheat; three winter wheat bases are adjacent, and statistics shows that the disease and pest incidence rate of example 1 is 5.6%, the disease and pest incidence rate of example 7 is 1.6%, the disease and pest incidence rate of example 8 is 1.4%, the average yield per mu of example 1 is 670.23kg, the average yield per mu of example 7 is 710.23kg, and the average yield per mu of example 8 is 711.25 kg.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not limited to the applications set forth in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable to various fields of endeavor for which the invention may be embodied with additional modifications as would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is therefore not limited to the details given herein and to the examples shown and described without departing from the generic concept as defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. A winter wheat planting method is carried out according to a conventional planting method and according to a ratio of 350-400 kg/hm2Seeding is carried out, and the method is characterized by further comprising the following steps: the method is used for treating winter wheat seeds and comprises the following steps: putting winter wheat seeds into an acetic acid aqueous solution containing 0.5-0.8 mg/mL of chitosan, performing ultrasonic treatment for 10min at 20-30 ℃, and introducing ozone into the acetic acid aqueous solution during the ultrasonic treatment, wherein the ozone introducing speed is 50-100L/min; taking out winter wheat seeds, washing the winter wheat seeds with water, taking out the winter wheat seeds, drying the winter wheat seeds, placing the winter wheat seeds in a magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity of 50mT for 10min, carrying out far infrared radiation for 8min, and then adding the winter wheat seeds into a seed soaking solution for soaking for 1-3 h; then taking out and naturally drying, and then treating for 60-100 s in a pulse electric field with the electric field intensity of 70-80 kV/cm, the pulse width of 10-15 mus and the pulse frequency of 100-120 Hz;
further comprising: additionally applying fertilizers in three stages of tillering, booting and heading of winter wheat, wherein 80-100 kg of fertilizers are applied per mu; applying a foliar fertilizer in the flowering period, wherein 20-30 kg of the foliar fertilizer is applied per mu; the dilution multiple of the foliar fertilizer is 600-800 times;
the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of urea, 15-25 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5-10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.5-1.5 parts of borax, 1-5 parts of bamboo charcoal powder, 0.1-0.5 part of nano titanium dioxide, 5-10 parts of modified diatomite, 1-3 parts of amino acid chelated zinc, 1-2 parts of radix puerariae extract, 1-3 parts of agilawood extract, 0.2-0.3 part of polyoxyethylene ether, 0.2-0.3 part of graphene oxide and 0.1-0.5 part of dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate;
the preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps: according to the parts by weight, 30-50 parts of diatomite, 5-10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-10 parts of molybdenum nitrate, 1-3 parts of ammonium oxalate,Adding 3-5 parts of iminodisuccinate chelated zinc and 100 parts of water into a sealed container, sealing, placing in a 2.5MeV and 40mA electron accelerator for irradiation stirring treatment, filtering, drying and calcining to obtain modified diatomite; the irradiation dose rate of irradiation is 100-200 kGy/h, the irradiation dose is 200-400 kGy, and the stirring speed is 200 r/min; the calcining process comprises the following steps: adding the dried material into a rotary roasting furnace, and introducing CO at the flow rate of 50-100 mL/min2Simultaneously heating to 250 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 60min, heating to 450 ℃ at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, preserving heat for 120min, heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 1-2 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 60min to obtain modified diatomite; the rotating speed of the rotary furnace is 3-10 r/min;
the seed soaking solution is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight: taking 0.5-0.8 part of gibberellin, 2-5 parts of potassium nitrate, 8-12 parts of polyethylene glycol, 12-15 parts of sodium chloride, 2-3 parts of bamboo vinegar, 1-2 parts of tea polyphenol, 3-5 parts of chitosan, 1-3 parts of citric acid, 1-3 parts of allicin, 1-2 parts of cynomorium songaricum extract, 2-4 parts of mint extract, 1-3 parts of honeysuckle extract and 150-300 parts of rice washing water;
the process of adding winter wheat seeds into the seed soaking solution for soaking comprises the following steps: firstly, placing a seed soaking solution in a constant temperature tank, selecting a probe type pulse ultrasonic instrument to treat the seed soaking solution for 10-15 minutes, then adding winter wheat seeds into the seed soaking solution, continuously treating for 10-15 minutes, inserting a probe of the probe type pulse ultrasonic instrument into the mixed solution for 3-5 cm, keeping the liquid level height of the mixed solution at 8-10 cm, controlling the pulse time at 8-12 s and the duty ratio at 60-85%, controlling the temperature in the constant temperature tank at 20-25 ℃, and controlling the sound intensity at 100-300W/cm2The ultrasonic frequency is 20-30 kHz, and the processing time is 10-15 minutes; the diameter of the probe is 10 mm.
2. The planting method of winter wheat of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the foliar fertilizer is as follows: adding 10-20 parts by weight of modified konjac glucomannan, 20-25 parts by weight of polyacrylamide, 0.05 part by weight of N, N-methylene bisacrylamide, 20 parts by weight of ethanol and 100 parts by weight of water into a supercritical reaction device, introducing carbon dioxide to 40-60 MPa after the system is sealed, stirring and reacting for 1-3 hours at 75 ℃, then removing the pressure of the carbon dioxide, adding 3-5 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 parts by weight of nitrogen fertilizer, 1-3 parts by weight of potash fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part by weight of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol lactic acid, 1-3 parts by weight of brassinolide, 1-2 parts by weight of cooked indate, 1-3 parts by weight of dodecyl betaine and 1-3 parts by weight of iminodisuccinate chelated zinc, injecting carbon dioxide again until the pressure is 35-50 MPa, stirring for 1-3 hours at 50 ℃, releasing the pressure, filtering and drying to obtain the foliar fertilizer.
3. The method for planting winter wheat of claim 2, wherein the modified konjac glucomannan is prepared by the method comprising: and (2) adding 30-50 parts by weight of konjac glucomannan into 1-2 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution, stirring for 30-60 min, filtering, and drying to obtain the konjac glucomannan.
4. The method for planting winter wheat of claim 2, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is one or more of calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate and diammonium phosphate.
5. The method for planting winter wheat of claim 2, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is one or more of urea, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate and ammonium bicarbonate.
6. The method for planting winter wheat of claim 2, wherein the potash fertilizer is one or more of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, plant ash and potassium nitrate.
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