CN108113000A - 一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108113000A CN108113000A CN201711134765.4A CN201711134765A CN108113000A CN 108113000 A CN108113000 A CN 108113000A CN 201711134765 A CN201711134765 A CN 201711134765A CN 108113000 A CN108113000 A CN 108113000A
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- microalgae
- brown alga
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- alga gel
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- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，属于食品技术领域。其首先将一定量的海藻酸钠溶解在微藻溶液中，形成均匀溶液；然后将该均匀溶液加入到用于对微藻包埋的成型液中，得预包埋褐藻凝胶；向预包埋褐藻凝胶中加入一定量的海藻酸钠水溶液，混合均匀，向其中接着加入成型液；经搅拌、钙化、静置、冷却后，得微藻营养褐藻凝胶。本发明制备得到的微藻营养褐藻凝胶口感好，没有任何腥臭异味，且营养成分保持完好，具有润肠通便、降低胆固醇、提高人体免疫力的营养功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品技术领域，具体涉及一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法。
背景技术
微藻(Microalgae)泛指显微镜下才能辨别其形态的微小藻类，是一类非维管植物，容易收获和加工。其中螺旋藻、小球藻、杜氏盐藻、雨生红球藻等微藻富含对人体有重要保健功效的虾青素、多不饱和脂肪酸、维生素等生物活性成分，具有重要的经济价值。国内外的研究表明，海洋微藻及其微藻产品有增加人体免疫力、抗肿瘤和心血管系统的保健作用，对疾病有预防和治疗功能。
海藻酸钠来自褐藻，是一种可食而又不被人体消化的大分子多糖，它在胃肠里具有吸水性、吸附性、阳离子的交换和凝胶过滤等作用，对人体新陈代谢起到独特的调节效果。在追求健康饮食的当下，海藻酸钠因具有降糖、降脂、清理肠道、排除体内重金属等诸多保健功能，所以在食品中的角色已不单单局限于食品添加剂的范畴，还作为一种功能因子、健康元素，更广泛的应用于各式功能食品、保健食品中。
目前现有技术中制备的褐藻凝胶，主要采用制备方法为：将微藻烘干制成粉末，与明胶、琼脂等果冻粉混合后形成的凝胶。现有技术存在的缺陷为：通过加入一些调味物质(加入任何化学合成的香精、香料和防腐剂)，或者破壁、烘、晒干燥处理等物理方法对微藻粉末的口味进行掩盖或改善，未呈现微藻的原本形态。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，其结合微藻富含的生物活性成分，通过微胶囊预包埋处理微藻，制备得到的微藻营养褐藻凝胶口感好，没有任何腥臭异味，且营养成分保持完好。
其技术解决方案包括：
一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，依次包括以下步骤：
a、将一定量的海藻酸钠溶解在微藻溶液中，形成均匀溶液；
b、将步骤a所得均匀溶液中加入到用于对微藻包埋的成型液，固化，捞出，用清水冲洗，得预包埋褐藻凝胶；
c、向步骤b所得预包埋褐藻凝胶中加入一定量的海藻酸钠水溶液，混合均匀，向其中接着加入步骤b所述的成型液；
d经搅拌、钙化、静置、冷却后，得微藻营养褐藻凝胶。
上述技术方案所带来的直接有益技术效果为：
以海藻酸钠作载体，使其与微藻均匀混合，放入钙水中成型，进行微胶囊预包埋处理，可以减少腥臭味、保护营养成分，提高营养价值。在褐藻凝胶中加入了预包埋褐藻凝胶，微藻营养成分保持完好，同时口感好、没有任何腥臭异味，从而增加了微藻的可接受性及褐藻凝胶营养特性。
同时对微藻进行微胶囊预包埋处理，可减少了微藻干燥粉碎等物理手段，可直接浓缩后直接使用。
作为本发明的一个优选方案，步骤a所述的微藻溶液为雨生红球藻溶液、螺旋藻溶液、杜氏盐藻溶液或小球藻溶液。
作为本发明的另一个优选方案，步骤a中，所述海藻酸钠与微藻溶液的质量配比为2:100，所述微藻溶液中，微藻的质量分数为0.01％～5％。
进一步的，所述的成型液为钙盐配成的溶液，其浓度为1～6％。
进一步的，所述钙盐选自氯化钙、葡萄糖酸钙、磷酸氢二钙或磷酸氢钙中的一种。
进一步的，步骤c中，预包埋褐藻凝胶与海藻酸钠水溶液的质量配比为3～10％。
进一步的，步骤d中的钙化时间为20～30min。
本发明在形成凝胶前对微藻进行了预包埋处理，使其保持原始状态。由于海藻酸钠不仅是很好的增稠剂、稳定剂，同时又是一种很好的成膜剂，因此本发明利用海藻酸钠与多价阳离子(主要应用钙离子)反应可以形成凝胶，将微藻溶液包裹在海藻酸钠形成的薄膜中，制成具有良好口感的珍珠状微藻颗粒，对微藻的腥味进行很好的包埋处理，然后进行再进行凝胶成型。
与现有技术相比，本发明带来了以下有益技术效果：
(1)从营养保健角度来讲，新鲜的微藻，未经过烘、晒干燥处理，未加入任何化学合成的香精、香料和防腐剂，经包埋处理营养成分保持完好；微藻粉末经包埋处理后营养成分保持完好，口感好，没有任何腥臭异味。
(2)本发明制备得到的微藻营养褐藻凝胶，具有润肠通便、降低胆固醇、提高人体免疫力的营养功效。
(3)本发明提供的制备方法简单易行，提高了产品质量和营养价值。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，为了使本发明的优点、技术方案更加清楚、明确，下面结合具体实施例对本发明做详细说明。
本发明所选主要原料微藻以及成型剂，均可通过商业渠道购买获得。
下面对本发明所采用的微藻种类及性质做简要说明：雨生红球藻是一种单细胞绿藻，其生物体内积累大量的类胡萝卜素，其中80％以上为虾青素及其酯类。虾青素具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤和增强免疫力等许多重要的生理和生物学功能，在食品添加剂、化妆品、保健品和医药工业上具有广阔的应用前景。与雨生红球藻相似，杜氏盐藻是也是一种绿藻，其生物体内的蛋白质含量可达29.4％，还含有27种无机元素，包括Ca、Mg、Na、K、Fe、Zn、Cu等对人体有重要生理功能的矿物质。
螺旋藻是—种丝状蓝藻，又称蓝细菌。作为地球上最古老的光合生物之一，螺旋藻因其安全、无污染性以及丰富的营养价值及医药价值被联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组认为是21世纪最佳食品和保健品，其蛋白质含量高达60％-72％，其中藻胆蛋白是—种特殊的色素蛋白，在螺旋藻藻体中含量高达20％，具有明显的抗氧化、抗炎症、增强机体免疫能力的作用。此外，螺旋藻富含维生素Bl、B2、B3、B6、B12及维生素E等，含有人体最需要的各种维生素。
小球藻是一种球形单细胞藻，直径3-8微米，是一种高效的光合植物，以光合自养生长繁殖，分布极广。小球藻易于培养，不仅能利用光能自养，还能在异养条件下利用有机碳源进行生长、繁殖，并且生长繁殖速度快，是地球上动植物中唯一能在20h增长4倍的生物，具有很高的应用价值。分析结果显示每100克小球藻中所含的水分、蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、纤维素、叶绿素、矿物质、β-胡萝卜素、小球藻生长因子、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素C、维生素E、泛酸、生物素(维生素H)、叶酸、烟酸(尼克酸)、胆碱、肌醇等生物活性成分的含量分别为6-7g、50-65g、5-10g、10-20g、2-5g、2-4g、5-7g、100-200mg、2000-5000mg、1.0-3.0mg、3.0-6.0mg、1.0-3.0mg、0.2-0.4mg、20-50mg、12-30mg、0.8-2mg、3-20mg、3-10mg、10-30mg、60-160mg、6-20mg。
螺旋藻、小球藻、杜氏盐藻、雨生红球藻等微藻是单细胞藻类，具有微米级颗粒的外观形态，分散在海藻酸钠溶液中可以很容易通过泵滴入或利用液位差自动滴入成型液进行微藻包埋。然后在褐藻凝胶中加入了预包埋处理的微藻，以此得到的褐藻凝胶微藻营养成分保持完好，同时口感好、没有任何腥臭异味。
实施例1：
步骤一、量取10L雨生红球藻培养液，该雨生红球藻培养液中雨生红球藻的含量为0.9g/L。在高剪切乳化搅拌下加入200g海藻酸钠，充分溶解后形成均匀溶液；
步骤二、将该均匀溶液静置、脱泡后，通过泵滴入或利用液位差自动滴入含质量浓度为5％的CaCl2.2H2O的溶液中，固化20min，经过水洗干燥得到预包埋褐藻凝胶，预包埋褐藻凝胶中雨生红球藻的质量含量约为3％；
步骤三、将预包埋褐藻凝胶加入海藻酸钠溶液中，混匀，加入CaCl2.2H2O溶液，加边边搅拌至两者充分接触，钙化20min，经静置、冷却后成型制备得到雨生红球藻营养褐藻凝胶。
实施例2：
制备方法同实施例1，不同点在于：采用小球藻培养液为载体溶解海藻酸钠，培养液中小球藻的含量为0.12g/L；加入成型剂葡萄糖酸钙制备得到含有小球藻的质量含量约为0.4％的预包埋褐藻凝胶；将预包埋褐藻凝胶加入海藻酸钠均匀溶液中，混匀，加入成型剂葡萄糖酸钙，边加边搅拌至两者充分接触，再钙化20min，经静置、冷却后即可成型，得到小球藻营养褐藻凝胶。
实施例3：
制备方法同实施例1，不同点在于：采用螺旋藻培养液为载体溶解海藻酸钠，培养液中螺旋藻的含量是1.2g/L。制备得到含有螺旋藻的质量含量约为4％的预包埋褐藻凝胶。然后将预包埋褐藻凝胶加入海藻酸钠均匀溶液中，混匀，加入成型剂，边加边搅拌至两者充分接触，再钙化20min，经静置、冷却后即可成型，得到螺旋藻营养褐藻凝胶。
实施例4：
制备方法同实施例1，不同点在于：采用杜氏盐藻培养液为载体溶解海藻酸钠，培养液中杜氏盐藻的含量为0.45g/L。制备得到含有杜氏盐藻的质量含量约为1.5％的预包埋褐藻凝胶。然后将预包埋褐藻凝胶加入海藻酸钠均匀溶液中，混匀，加入成型剂，边加边搅拌至两者充分接触，再钙化20min，经静置、冷却后即可成型，得到杜氏盐藻营养褐藻凝胶。
需要说明的是，在本说明书的教导下本领域技术人员所做出的任何等同方式，或明显变型方式均应在本发明的保护范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于，依次包括以下步骤：
a、将一定量的海藻酸钠溶解在微藻溶液中，形成均匀溶液；
b、将步骤a所得均匀溶液中加入到用于对微藻包埋的成型液，固化、捞出，用清水冲洗，得预包埋褐藻凝胶；
c、向步骤b所得预包埋褐藻凝胶中加入一定量的海藻酸钠水溶液，混合均匀，向其中接着加入步骤b所述的成型液；
d经搅拌、钙化、静置、冷却后，得微藻营养褐藻凝胶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤a所述的微藻溶液为雨生红球藻溶液、螺旋藻溶液、杜氏盐藻溶液或小球藻溶液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤a中，所述海藻酸钠与微藻溶液的质量配比为2:100，所述微藻溶液中，微藻的质量分数为0.01％～5％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤b中，所述的成型液为钙盐配成的溶液，其浓度为1～6％。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：所述钙盐选自氯化钙、葡萄糖酸钙、磷酸氢二钙或磷酸氢钙中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤c中，预包埋褐藻凝胶与海藻酸钠水溶液的质量配比为3～10：100。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种微藻营养褐藻凝胶的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤d中的钙化时间为20～30min。
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