CN108102128A - 一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫 - Google Patents

一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫 Download PDF

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CN108102128A
CN108102128A CN201711237978.XA CN201711237978A CN108102128A CN 108102128 A CN108102128 A CN 108102128A CN 201711237978 A CN201711237978 A CN 201711237978A CN 108102128 A CN108102128 A CN 108102128A
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赵志云
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫按照重量份数及包括以下组分：聚氧化丙烯多元醇75‑90份，四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20‑30份、异氰酸酯45‑65份，辛酸亚锡1‑5份，三乙烯二胺1‑3份，抗氧化剂8‑12份，表面活性剂8‑15份，去离子水0.5‑2份，发泡剂5‑10份，金属氢氧化物10‑15份，聚磷酸铵5‑10份。本发明具有如下有益效果：（1）阻燃效果好；（2）阻燃剂添加量少；（3）耐高温；（4）无毒环保。

Description

一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚氨酯泡沫，尤其是涉及一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫。
背景技术
聚氨酯材料是目前国际上性能最好的保温材料。主链含—NHCOO—重复结构单元的一类聚合物 。英文缩写PU。由异氰酸酯（单体）与羟基化合物聚合而成。由于含强极性的氨基甲酸酯基，不溶于非极性基团，具有良好的耐油性、韧性、耐磨性、耐老化性和粘合性。聚氨酯弹性体用作滚筒、传送带、软管、汽车零件、鞋底、合成皮革、电线电缆和医用人工脏器等；软质泡沫体用于车辆、居室、服装的衬垫，硬质泡沫体用作隔热、吸音、包装、绝缘以及低发泡合成木材，涂料用于高级车辆、家具、木和金属防护，水池水坝和建筑防渗漏材料，以及织物涂层等。胶粘剂对金属、玻璃、陶瓷、皮革、纤维等都有良好的粘着力。
聚氨酯泡沫塑料应用范围十分广泛，几乎渗透到国民经济各部门，特别在家具、床具、运输、冷藏、建筑、绝热等部门使用得十分普遍，已成为不可缺少的材料之一。成为塑料中应用范围最广的品种之一。聚氨酯软泡主要应用于家具、床具及其他家用品，如沙发和座椅、靠背垫，床垫和枕头；聚氨酯硬泡主要用于绝热保温，冷藏冷冻设备及冷库，绝热板材，墙体保温，管道保温，储罐的绝热，单组分泡沫填缝材料等。
然而目前的聚氨酯泡沫存在许多的不足与缺陷，例如其耐高低温性能较差，其最高工作温度仅为120℃，在某些场合往往不能发挥其作用，此外目前的聚氨酯泡沫还极易燃烧，严重危害使用人的生命安全。2010年上海“11·15”特别重大火灾事故已经夺去了53条鲜活的生命，尽管事故是由无证电焊工违章操作引起的，但已查明，真正的幕后杀手却是这些尼龙织网、毛竹片、聚氨酯泡沫。
例如在中国专利文献上公布的一种聚氨酯泡沫，其申请公布号为CN 106432662A，该发明按照质量分数计包括以下组分：甲基丙烯酸15-20份，三乙醇胺10-15份，聚醚多元醇30-40份，异氰酸酯20-30份，抗氧化剂5-15份，十二烷基磺酸钠10-25份，泡沫稳定剂5-9份，硅油12-18份，二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯3-8份。该发明降低了聚氨酯泡沫中挥发性有机物的量，成本低，工艺简单，环保无污染。但是该发明也存在其缺陷，例如该发明没有添加增强聚氨酯泡沫热稳定性的原料，且没有添加阻燃剂，使得该聚氨酯泡沫在火灾中极易燃烧危害使用人的生命安全。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服现有技术中聚氨酯泡沫耐高低温性能较差，无法较好的实现阻燃功能的问题，提供一种能够耐高低温，具有较好的耐候性，具有阻燃功能的一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫按照重量份数及包括以下组分：聚氧化丙烯多元醇75-90份，四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯45-65份，辛酸亚锡1-5份，三乙烯二胺1-3份，抗氧化剂8-12份，表面活性剂8-15份，去离子水0.5-2份，发泡剂5-10份，金属氢氧化物10-15份，聚磷酸铵5-10份。
聚氨酯泡沫由异氰酸酯（单体）与羟基化合物聚合而成。聚氧化丙烯多元醇为主链为硅氧硅主链，其侧链上带有多个羟基，侧链上的羟基能够与四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯进行反应，得到聚氨酯，由于其主链柔顺性相较于普通的碳碳键更加柔顺，最终的聚氨酯产物能够更加的柔软有弹性。三乙醇胺作为聚氨酯催化剂能够有效缩短反应时间，提高生产效率，选择性促进正反应、抑制副反应。金属氧化物与聚磷酸铵可作为阻燃剂，其结构中没有卤素的存在，在燃烧过程中不会产生有毒有害物质，更加的环保，将这两种阻燃剂相配合还能够起到协同作用，降低阻燃剂的用量。
作为优选，所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫的原材料中，聚氧化丙烯多元醇、四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯的重量比为75-80：20-30:50-60。
作为优选，所述的金属氢氧化物为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、氢氧化锌、氢氧化铁中的一种。金属氢氧化物无毒无害不会产生大量烟雾，在受热时分解时能够吸收大量的热量，能够使得燃烧的区域的温度降低到着火点一下，且其分解时产生大量的水蒸气，能够隔绝可燃气体从而从而起到阻燃作用。
作为优选，所述的四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯为二亚甲基苯二四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯、甲基-2,4-二四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯中的一种。
作为优选，所述的抗氧化剂为抗氧剂TNP、抗氧剂TPP、抗氧剂164、抗氧剂264中的一种或多种的混合物。
作为优选，所述的表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十八烷基硫酸钠、硬脂酸钠、二辛基琥珀酸磺酸钠中的一种或多种的混合物。
作为优选，所述的发泡剂为正戊烷、正己烷、二氯二氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷中的一种或多种。
因此，本发明具有如下有益效果：（1）阻燃效果好；（2）阻燃剂添加量少；（3）耐高温；（4）无毒环保。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作以进一步描述说明。
如果无特殊说明，本发明的实施例中说采用的原料均为本领域常用的原料，实施例中所采用的方法，均为本领域的常规方法。
实施例1
一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫按照重量份数及包括以下组分：聚氧化丙烯多元醇75份，二亚甲基苯二四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯45份，辛酸亚锡1份，三乙烯二胺1份，抗氧剂TNP 8份，十二烷基苯磺酸钠8份，去离子水0.5份，正戊烷5份，氢氧化镁10份，聚磷酸铵5份。
所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫经过DSC测试，温度为-100℃—50℃，升温速率为5℃/min，其玻璃化转变温度为-63℃。经过TGA测试，其条件如下，温度范围50-800℃，升温速率10℃/min，氮气条件下，热分解5%时温度为356℃，热分解50%时的温度为508℃，热分解终点温度为643℃。经过极限氧指数仪测试其极限氧指数为27.0 。
实施例2
一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫按照重量份数及包括以下组分：聚氧化丙烯多元醇90份，1,4-环己烷二四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯65份，辛酸亚锡5份，三乙烯二胺3份，抗氧剂TPP 12份，十八烷基硫酸钠15份，去离子水2份，正己烷10份，氢氧化铝15份，聚磷酸铵10份。
所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫经过DSC测试，温度为-100℃—50℃，升温速率为5℃/min，其玻璃化转变温度为-51℃。经过TGA测试，其条件如下，温度范围50-800℃，升温速率10℃/min，氮气条件下，热分解5%时温度为336℃，热分解50%时的温度为518℃，热分解终点温度为648℃。经过极限氧指数仪测试其极限氧指数为27.9 。
实施例3
一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫按照重量份数及包括以下组分：聚氧化丙烯多元醇75份，甲基-2,4-二四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯50份，辛酸亚锡3份，三乙烯二胺2份，抗氧剂164 10份，硬脂酸钠10份，去离子水1份，二氯二氟甲烷8份，氢氧化锌12份，聚磷酸铵8份。
所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫经过DSC测试，温度为-100℃—50℃，升温速率为5℃/min，其玻璃化转变温度为-51℃。经过TGA测试，其条件如下，温度范围50-800℃，升温速率10℃/min，氮气条件下，热分解5%时温度为315℃，热分解50%时的温度为497℃，热分解终点温度为627℃。经过极限氧指数仪测试其极限氧指数为26.8 。
实施例4
一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫按照重量份数及包括以下组分：聚氧化丙烯多元醇80份，二苯基甲烷二四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯60份，辛酸亚锡2份，三乙烯二胺3份，抗氧剂264 5份，抗氧剂TPP 5份，二辛基琥珀酸磺酸钠9份，去离子水1份，二氯四氟乙烷9份，氢氧化铁13份，聚磷酸铵6份。
所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫经过DSC测试，温度为-100℃—50℃，升温速率为5℃/min，其玻璃化转变温度为-55℃。经过TGA测试，其条件如下，温度范围50-800℃，升温速率10℃/min，氮气条件下，热分解5%时温度为319℃，热分解50%时的温度为503℃，热分解终点温度为629℃。经过极限氧指数仪测试其极限氧指数为27.3 。
实施例5
一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫按照重量份数及包括以下组分：聚氧化丙烯多元醇72份，二亚甲基苯二四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯55份，辛酸亚锡2.5份，三乙烯二胺1份，抗氧剂164 8份，十八烷基硫酸钠4份，硬脂酸钠8份，去离子水2份，二氯二氟甲烷8份，氢氧化镁10份，聚磷酸铵10份。
所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫经过DSC测试，温度为-100℃—50℃，升温速率为5℃/min，其玻璃化转变温度为-61℃。经过TGA测试，其条件如下，温度范围50-800℃，升温速率10℃/min，氮气条件下，热分解5%时温度为326℃，热分解50%时的温度为512℃，热分解终点温度为618℃。经过极限氧指数仪测试其极限氧指数为27.1 。

Claims (7)

1.一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，其特征是，所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫按照重量份数计包括以下组分：聚氧化丙烯多元醇75-90份，四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯45-65份，辛酸亚锡1-5份，三乙烯二胺1-3份，抗氧化剂8-12份，表面活性剂8-15份，去离子水0.5-2份，发泡剂5-10份，金属氢氧化物10-15份，聚磷酸铵5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，其特征是，所述的阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫的原材料中，聚氧化丙烯多元醇、四氢呋喃共聚物二醇20-30份、异氰酸酯的重量比为75-80：20-30:50-60。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，其特征是，所述的金属氢氧化物为氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝、氢氧化锌、氢氧化铁中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的有一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，其特征是，所述的异氰酸酯为二亚甲基苯二异氰酸酯、1,4-环己烷二异氰酸酯、甲基-2,4-二异氰酸酯、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的有一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，其特征是，所述的抗氧化剂为抗氧剂TNP、抗氧剂TPP、抗氧剂164、抗氧剂264中的一种或多种的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，其特征是，所述的表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、十八烷基硫酸钠、硬脂酸钠、二辛基琥珀酸磺酸钠中的一种或多种的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种环保阻燃高弹性聚氨酯泡沫，其特征是，所述的发泡剂为正戊烷、正己烷、二氯二氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷中的一种或多种。
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CN105669937A (zh) * 2016-04-26 2016-06-15 滕钜海 一种环保阻燃硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料
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CN111961330A (zh) * 2020-08-30 2020-11-20 宁波耀众模塑科技有限公司 一种基于磷类阻燃剂材料的聚氨酯发泡产品生产配方

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