CN104829810B - 一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN104829810B
CN104829810B CN201510207744.5A CN201510207744A CN104829810B CN 104829810 B CN104829810 B CN 104829810B CN 201510207744 A CN201510207744 A CN 201510207744A CN 104829810 B CN104829810 B CN 104829810B
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戴静波
何人可
余海明
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Changfeng Shaoxin City Urethane Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明及聚氨酯制备领域，特指一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品及其制备方法，通过将若干种聚醚多元醇和催化剂组合物、阻燃剂、泡沫稳定剂、发泡剂与多甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯PM‑200通过搅拌混合制成。采用上述方案后，具有低挥发，低散发，低气味的特点，且具有优异的保温性能和尺寸稳定性。

Description

一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯制备领域，特指一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯喷涂泡沫塑料主要应用在建筑物外墙保温，屋面防水保温一体化、冷库保温隔热、管道保温材料、冷藏车及冷库隔热材等。聚氨酯硬泡体是一种具有保温与防水功能的新型合成材料，其导热系数低，仅0.022～0.024W／（m﹒k），相当于挤塑板的一半，是目前所有保温材料中导热系数最低的。该类产品自上世纪60年代在欧洲建筑业应用以来已有40年历史，一些国家还通过立法把聚氨酯喷涂作为建筑业指定的保温防水用材。近年来，随着我国建筑节能市场的迅速发展，聚氨酯喷涂在建筑保温防水领域得到了广泛的应用，已成为主导市场的保温节能产品之一。
聚氨酯喷涂是以异氰酸酯和聚醚为主要原料，在发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂等多种助剂的作用下，通过专用设备混合，经高压喷涂现场发泡而成的,高速运动的物料在喷枪口形成细雾状，均匀地喷射到物件表面。 在施工过程中会在空气中释放大量有毒有害气体，尤其是在室内及通风不良的环境下施工时，对人的呼吸系统与神经系统形成了危害。
因此，本发明人对此做进一步研究，研发出一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品及其制备方法，本案由此产生。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品及其制备方法，制备过程和制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有低挥发，低散发，低气味的特点，且具有优异的保温性能和尺寸稳定性。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品，由组份一和组份二组成，其中：组份一成份组成：
聚醚多元醇A为10～30份；
聚醚多元醇B为5～20份；
聚醚多元醇C为5～20份；
聚酯多元醇为40～80份；
催化剂组合物4.1～14份；
阻燃剂为10～40份；
泡沫稳定剂为1～3份；
水为0.1～2份；
发泡剂为20～60份；
组份二为多甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯PM-200；
其中：所述聚醚多元醇A以蔗糖、二甘醇为起始剂，由环氧丙烷聚合而成，官能度4.1，羟值400～500mgKOH/g；
所述聚醚多元醇B以山梨醇为起始剂，由环氧丙烷聚合而成，官能度5.4，羟值400～500mgKOH/g；
所述聚醚多元醇C以乙二胺为起始剂，由环氧丙烷聚合而成，官能度4，羟值700～800 mgKOH/g；
所述聚酯多元醇是官能度为2的邻苯二甲酸酐系列多元醇，黏度为2000 ～3000mpa·s/25℃，羟值300～350 mgKOH/g。
进一步，所述催化剂组合物包括：催化剂A为0.1～1份；催化剂B为1～4份；催化剂C为1～3份；催化剂D为2～6份；所述催化剂A为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯DabcoT12，所述催化剂B为DabcoPT303，所述催化剂C为DabcoPT304，所述催化剂D为DabcoPT305；所述发泡剂为141B。
进一步，所述阻燃剂为TCPP、DMMP复配而成；所述泡沫稳定剂为LK443或LK221。
进一步，所述阻燃剂为TCPP与DMMP以3:1的比例复配而成。
进一步，所述泡沫稳定剂LK443或LK221为具有优良尺寸稳定性的非硅类表面活性剂。
一种制备权利要求1所述的低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将组份一所述各成份按上述重量份投入到容器内搅拌均匀，将A、组份二按A:B=100：100～105的重量比混合，所得混合物通过高压喷涂机喷涂即可制成低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品。
采用上述方案后，本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下优点：
以组合聚醚和异氰酸酯在一定比例条件下，可通过使用高压发泡机进行喷涂施工，发泡成型制得硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料保温材料，施工灵活方便，非常适合各种复杂条件状况下表面及管道缝隙内等的生产操作，劳动生产效率高，成本低廉。并且，其施工过程与施工制得的泡沫具有低挥发、低散发、低气味的特点，是真正的环保节能材料。
使用聚氨酯高压喷涂机喷涂成型的泡沫具有优异的阻燃性能，可以满足国标GB8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》平板状建筑材料及制品的燃烧性能等级和分级依据中B2级要求。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例说明本发明，但不限定本发明。
一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品，由组份一和组份二组成，其中：组份一为，成份组成（以重量份计）：聚醚多元醇A为10～30份；聚醚多元醇B为5～20份；聚醚多元醇C为5～20份；聚酯多元醇为40～80份；阻燃剂为10～40份；泡沫稳定剂为1～3份；催化剂A为0.1～1份；催化剂B为1～4份；催化剂C为1～3份；催化剂D为2～6份；水为0.1～2份；发泡剂为20～60份；
其中：
所述聚醚多元醇A以蔗糖、二甘醇为起始剂，环氧丙烷聚合而成，官能度4.1，羟值400～500mgKOH/g；
所述聚醚多元醇B以山梨醇为起始剂，环氧丙烷聚合而成，官能度5.4，羟值400～500mgKOH/g；
所述聚醚多元醇C以乙二胺为起始剂，环氧丙烷聚合而成，官能度4，羟值700～800mgKOH/g；
所述聚酯多元醇为2官能度的邻苯二甲酸酐系列多元醇，黏度为2000 ～3000mpa·s/25℃,羟值300～350 mgKOH/g。
所述阻燃剂为TCPP与DMMP以3:1的比例复配而成，生产厂家为扬州晨华科技集团。
所述表面活性剂LK443或LK221为具有优良尺寸稳定性的非硅类表面活性剂，生产厂家为美国空气化工产品有限公司。
所述催化剂为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯DabcoT12；低气味强发泡催化剂DabcoPT303；所述催化剂为低气味三聚催化剂DabcoPT304；所述催化剂为低气味反应性凝胶催化剂DabcoPT305，生产厂家为美国空气化工产品有限公司。
所述发泡剂为141B，生产厂家为浙江三美化工有限公司。
一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品的制备方法，其特征是，包括以下步骤：制备组份一：将所述各原料按上述重量份投入到容器内搅拌均匀，即得到低气味聚氨酯喷涂组合聚醚；组份二为多甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯PM-200，生产厂家烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司。使用时将A、组份二按A:B=100：100～105的重量配比高压喷涂机喷涂即可制成低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品。
实施列1～4是采用本发明组合料配方喷涂成型的聚氨酯泡沫。对照例1～2为常用聚氨酯喷涂配方。
表1：对照例与实施例配方。
采用对照例或实施例的配方制备的低气味聚氨酯喷涂泡沫的性能测试见表2。本发明中，泡沫气味的评测采用如下方法：随机邀请10个人进行气味比较，将每种泡沫按气味的严重状况进行评估，取平均值即为检查结果。评测标准分为5个等级：1级，无异味；2级，稍有异味；3级，有异味但不刺鼻；4级，稍有异味且刺鼻；5级，有刺鼻的异味，无法忍受。
表2泡沫性能指标
备注：
泡沫密度、抗压强度、导热系数、尺寸稳定性、氧指数皆按国家标准进行测试。
上述仅为本发明的具体实施例，但本发明的设计构思并不局限于此，凡利用此构思对本发明进行非实质性的改动，均应属于侵犯本发明保护范围的行为。

Claims (6)

1.一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品，其特征在于：由组份一和组份二组成，其中：组份一成份组成：
聚醚多元醇A为10～30份；
聚醚多元醇B为5～20份；
聚醚多元醇C为5～20份；
聚酯多元醇为40～80份；
催化剂组合物4.1～14份；
阻燃剂为10～40份；
泡沫稳定剂为1～3份；
水为0.1～2份；
发泡剂为20～60份；
组份二为多甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯PM-200；
其中：所述聚醚多元醇A以蔗糖、二甘醇为起始剂，由环氧丙烷聚合而成，官能度4.1，羟值400～500mgKOH/g；
所述聚醚多元醇B以山梨醇为起始剂，由环氧丙烷聚合而成，官能度5.4，羟值400～500mgKOH/g；
所述聚醚多元醇C以乙二胺为起始剂，由环氧丙烷聚合而成，官能度4，羟值700～800mgKOH/g；
所述聚酯多元醇是官能度为2的邻苯二甲酸酐系列多元醇，黏度为2000 ～3000mpa·s/25℃，羟值300～350 mgKOH/g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品，其特征在于：
所述催化剂组合物包括：催化剂A为0.1～1份；催化剂B为1～4份；催化剂C为1～3份；催化剂D为2～6份；所述催化剂A为二丁基锡二月桂酸酯DabcoT12，所述催化剂B为DabcoPT303，所述催化剂C为DabcoPT304，所述催化剂D为DabcoPT305；
所述发泡剂为141B。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品，其特征在于：所述阻燃剂为TCPP、DMMP复配而成；所述泡沫稳定剂为LK443或LK221。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品，其特征在于：所述阻燃剂为TCPP与DMMP以3:1的比例复配而成。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品，其特征在于：所述泡沫稳定剂LK443或LK221为具有优良尺寸稳定性的非硅类表面活性剂。
6.一种制备权利要求1所述的低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
将组份一所述各成份按上述重量份投入到容器内搅拌均匀，将组份一和组份二按组份一: 组份二=100：100～105的重量比混合，所得混合物通过高压喷涂机喷涂即可制成低气味聚氨酯泡沫制品。
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