CN104448230A - 一种组合聚醚及由其制得的聚氨酯夹芯板 - Google Patents

一种组合聚醚及由其制得的聚氨酯夹芯板 Download PDF

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CN104448230A
CN104448230A CN201410856929.4A CN201410856929A CN104448230A CN 104448230 A CN104448230 A CN 104448230A CN 201410856929 A CN201410856929 A CN 201410856929A CN 104448230 A CN104448230 A CN 104448230A
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贾雪芹
倪军
许凤华
邵静
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Shanghai Dongda Chemical Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种组合聚醚及由其制得的聚氨酯夹芯板。该组合聚醚由甲组分和乙组分组成,该甲组分包括:10~20份聚酯多元醇A、40~60份聚醚多元醇B、20~50份聚醚多元醇C、1~2份泡沫稳定剂、0.5~1份开孔剂、2.5~4份化学发泡剂、1~3份催化剂I、0.4~1份催化剂II、0.6~1.5份催化剂III、35~50份物理发泡剂、20~30份阻燃剂;所述乙组分为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯。该聚氨酯夹芯板由该组合聚醚制备得到。将本发明的组合聚醚用于聚氨酯夹芯板的连续式生产方式中,生产速率高,制得的板材整体密度低,密度分布均匀,制得的板材泡沫细腻、无开裂、尺寸稳定性好、保温性能优良、吸音减噪。

Description

一种组合聚醚及由其制得的聚氨酯夹芯板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种组合聚醚及由其制得的聚氨酯夹芯板。
背景技术
聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料广泛用于建筑、交通运输、冰箱冰柜、石油化工管道、航空军用等诸多方面做隔热材料和结构材料。随着聚氨酯硬泡板材事业的不断发展推进,市场对于聚氨酯硬泡板材组合料的需求也越来越大。
目前板材生产方式主要分间歇式和连续式两种,由于间歇板生产效率较低,连续式生产工艺生产效率高,越来越多的企业选择连续式生产工艺来生产聚氨酯夹芯板,同时伴随着市场的推广,聚氨酯夹芯板的应用也越来越广泛:冷库拼装、建筑外墙保温、工厂厂房建造等。由于彩钢板型聚氨酯夹芯板外观美丽大方,根据不同需要选用不同颜色,压制不同花纹,个性化选择多,安装方便快速,兼顾保温隔热、吸音减噪等特点,在新建工业厂房中替代水泥土建的应用也日渐广泛。目前的连续式夹芯板板芯密度控制在40~45kg/m3,而板材的生产速度也仅能控制在4~5m/min,由于连续线一般投资额大,工艺控制复杂。如何在保证板材质量的同时降低板材密度,或者提高生产速度以提升对于连续生产线的利用效率,对提高竞争力产生积极的作用,是一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有聚氨酯夹芯板的连续式生产方式的生产速率不够高,生产的聚氨酯夹芯板的板材整体密度高,密度分布不够均匀的现状,而提供一种连续式生产聚氨酯夹芯板用的组合聚醚及由其制得的聚氨酯夹芯板。将本发明的组合聚醚用于聚氨酯夹芯板的连续式生产方式中,生产速率高,可达到8~12m/min,制得的板材整体密度低,密度分布均匀,本发明制得的板材泡沫细腻、无开裂、尺寸稳定性好(收缩率≤2%)、保温性能优良、吸音减噪。
本发明通过以下技术方案来解决上述技术问题。
本发明提供的技术方案之一是:
一种组合聚醚,所述组合聚醚用于聚氨酯夹芯板的连续式生产工艺,所述组合聚醚由重量比为100∶100~110的甲组分和乙组分组成,所述甲组分包括以下重量份数的原料:10~20份聚酯多元醇A、40~60份聚醚多元醇B、20~50份聚醚多元醇C、1~2份泡沫稳定剂、0.5~1份开孔剂、2.5~4份化学发泡剂、1~3份催化剂I、0.4~1份催化剂II、0.6~1.5份催化剂III、35~50份物理发泡剂、20~30份阻燃剂;所述乙组分为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯;
其中,聚酯多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B和聚醚多元醇C的总重量份数为100份;所述的聚酯多元醇A满足下述指标:官能度为2,羟值为190~200mgKOH/g,25℃下的粘度为1200~2500mpa·s;所述的聚醚多元醇B是以蔗糖为起始剂的聚醚多元醇,所述聚醚多元醇B满足下述指标:羟值为430~470mgKOH/g,25℃下的粘度为17250-17750mPa·s;所述的聚醚多元醇C是以蔗糖为起始剂的聚醚多元醇,所述聚醚多元醇C满足下述指标:羟值为370~390mgKOH/g,25℃下的粘度为10000~11000mPa·s;
所述催化剂I为胺类凝胶型催化剂,所述催化剂II为胺类三聚催化剂和/或金属三聚催化剂,所述催化剂III胺类凝胶型催化剂。
本发明中,所述的泡沫稳定剂为本领域常规所述,即常规的应用于聚氨酯硬泡领域的硅烷类表面活性剂和/或非硅烷类表面活性剂,较佳地为空气化工产品公司生产的产品编号为DC-193、LK-221、LK665和迈图高新材料公司生产的产品编号为L6860的泡沫稳定剂中的一种或几种。
本发明中,所述的开孔剂为本领域常规所述,即常规的应用于聚氨酯硬泡领域的开孔剂,较佳地为赢创德固赛公司生产的产品编号为O-501的开孔剂。
本发明中,所述的化学发泡剂可为本领域常规使用的化学发泡剂,较佳地为水,更佳地为去离子水。
本发明中,所述的催化剂I、所述的催化剂II和所述的催化剂III分别独立地可为本领域常规使用的胺类或金属类催化剂。所述催化剂I较佳地为二甲基环己胺和/或复合胺类催化剂,如空气化工产品公司生产的产品编号为BX405、PT306等产品;所述催化剂II较佳地选自1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)-六氢三嗪和异辛酸钾的一缩二乙二醇溶液中的一种或几种,此外还可以选自延迟型三聚催化剂,所述延迟型三聚催化剂为本领域常规所述,如空气化工产品公司生产的产品编号为TMR-2的延迟型三聚催化剂;所述催化剂III较佳地为N,N-二甲基苄胺(BDMA)。
本发明中,所述的物理发泡剂可为本领域常规使用的物理发泡剂,所述物理发泡剂较佳地选自氢化氟氯烃(HCFC)类发泡剂和氢化氟烷烃(HFC)类发泡剂中的一种或多种,更佳地选自HFC-245fa、HFC-365mfc和HFC-227ea中的一种或几种。
本发明中,所述的阻燃剂种类不受限制,其可以是本领域用于制造聚氨酯的常规阻燃剂,较佳地选自三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯(TCEP)、三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)、磷酸三乙酯(TEP)和乙基膦酸二乙酯(DEEP)中的一种或几种。
本发明中,所述的乙组分为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯(PAPI),又称聚合MDI,俗称粗MDI。所述的粗MDI常规市售可得,如烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司生产的异氰酸酯PM200、拜耳材料科技(中国)有限公司生产的异氰酸酯44V20、巴斯夫(BASF)公司生产的异氰酸酯M20S、日本聚氨酯工业株式会社(NPU)生产的异氰酸酯MR200和亨斯迈公司生产的异氰酸酯5005等均可用于本发明。本发明更优选烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司生产的异氰酸酯PM200。
本发明提供的技术方案之二是:
一种聚氨酯夹芯板的制备方法,所述聚氨酯夹芯板由如前所述的组合聚醚制备得到,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)甲组分的制备:将所述聚酯多元醇A、所述聚醚多元醇B、所述聚醚多元醇C、所述泡沫稳定剂、所述开孔剂、所述化学发泡剂、所述催化剂、所述物理发泡剂和所述阻燃剂按照配方重量投入不锈钢反应釜中,常温搅拌混合30~60min,得到所述甲组分;
(2)将所述甲组分和所述乙组分以甲组分∶乙组分=100∶100~110的重量配比,按照常规的聚氨酯夹芯板的连续式生产工艺进行发泡、成型、熟化,即得。
本发明中,所述连续式生产工艺的工艺参数较佳地为:夹芯板面材选用彩钢板,甲组分和乙组分的温度控制在20~25℃,甲组分∶乙组分=100∶105,控制层压机温度为35~45℃,切割后常温熟化24小时以上,熟化温度为25~30℃,熟化时间48~72小时。
本发明提供的技术方案之三是:一种由如前所述的制备方法制备得到的聚氨酯夹芯板。
采用本发明的组合聚醚生产的聚氨酯夹芯板,无开裂、收缩,整体投料密度处于28~35kg/m3,生产速度为8~12m/min,板材形变≤2%,吸水率≤3%,性能稳定,阻燃离火自熄,板材复合B2级,并具有一定的吸音减噪作用。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:
1、目前连续板生产的速度一般在4~5m/min,对于10cm及更厚的连续板,则生产速度更慢。本发明的组合聚醚用于聚氨酯夹芯板的连续式生产工艺,极大地提高了生产速度,可达到8~12m/min,从而使生产效率有了很大提升,也使连续生产线设备的利用率有了大幅提高。
2、本发明通过引入特殊助剂,控制泡沫闭孔率,解决了聚氨酯硬泡连续板密度低时容易变形收缩的问题。在保证了泡沫的阻燃性能、强度、导热系数等各项性能的条件下,使得板材密度相比现有技术有了明显的降低,直接降低了聚氨酯连续板的成本,极大的提升了聚氨酯连续板的市场竞争力。
3、本发明生产的聚氨酯夹芯板,无开裂、收缩,整体投料密度处于28~35kg/m3,板材形变≤2%,吸水率≤3%,尺寸稳定性好(收缩率≤2%),阻燃离火自熄,板材复合B2级,保温性能优良,并具有一定的吸音减噪作用。
4、本发明中,当物理发泡剂选用HFC-365mfc、HFC-245fa时可生产绿色环保无氟的环境友好型板材,具有极好的市场前景。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
下述实施例中,所使用原料的来源为:
聚酯多元醇DM2003,北京东方美龙化工科技有限公司生产;
聚醚多元醇YD-8315,河北亚东化工集团有限公司生产;
聚醚多元醇8238,句容宁武新材料发展有限公司生产;
聚醚多元醇SU-450L,山东蓝星东大化工责任有限公司;
聚醚多元醇4110,句容宁武新材料发展有限公司;
聚酯多元醇PS-3152,南京金陵斯泰潘化学有限公司;
表面活性剂DC193,空气化工产品公司生产;
表面活性剂LK665,空气化工产品公司生产;
表面活性剂L-6860,迈图高新材料集团;
表面活性剂B8532,赢创特种化学(上海)有限公司;
开孔剂O-501,赢创特种化学(上海)有限公司;
催化剂I DMCHA,空气化工产品公司生产;
催化剂IIPC-41,空气化工产品公司生产;
催化剂II TMR-2,扬州市大江化工实业有限公司;
催化剂II K-15,扬州市大江化工实业有限公司;
催化剂III BDMA,空气化工产品公司生产;
阻燃剂TCPP,江苏雅克科技股份有限公司;
阻燃剂TCEP,江苏雅克科技股份有限公司;
阻燃剂TEP,江苏雅克科技股份有限公司;
阻燃剂DEEP,江苏雅克科技股份有限公司;
物理发泡剂HFC-245fa,霍尼韦尔特性材料和技术集团;
物理发泡剂HFC-365mfc/HFC-227ea(93:7),索尔维(化工)上海有限公司;
物理发泡剂HCFC-141b,浙江三美化工股份有限公司;
异氰酸酯PM-200,烟台万华聚氨酯股份有限公司生产。
实施例1~5及对比例1
表1为实施例1~7的组合聚醚的原料配方表,表2为对比例1的组合聚醚的原料配方表,表中各数值均为重量份数。各实施例以及对比例1中,将除异氰酸酯以外的组分混合均匀,即得甲组分,异氰酸酯PM200为乙组分。
表1
表2
对比例1
聚醚多元醇SU-450L 40
聚醚多元醇4110 40
聚酯多元醇PS-3152 20
表面活性剂B8532 2
H2O 1.5
催化剂DMCHA 2.0
催化剂PC-41 0.8
催化剂BDMA 1.0
阻燃剂TCPP 25
物理发泡剂HCFC-141b 24
异氰酸酯PM200 203.2
表1与表2中除异氰酸酯以外的组分在搅拌釜中常温搅拌30-60min得到甲组分,异氰酸酯为乙组分,按照表3中各项工艺指标进行连续板的生产,各实施例和对比例1的连续夹芯板板型为:双面彩钢板,板厚5cm。作为本领域技术人员很容易理解,该工艺同样适用于其他尺寸的板型,并不将本发明限定于此,此处仅以前述版型作对比讨论。
表3
将熟化好的板材去皮取芯部泡沫进行各项性能测试,测试结果见表4。
表4
注:泡沫芯密度测试按照标准:GB/T 6343-2009
泡沫导热系数测试按照标准:GB/T 10295-2008
泡沫压缩强度测试按照标准:GB/T 8813-2008
阻燃性能分级是根据GB 8624-1997
综上所述,各实施例与对比例1在具体生产过程中的工艺控制基本相似,无需作调整,即可将生产效率提高100%~200%,对生产出的板材边角处填充良好,并未出现边角填充不满的情况。熟化48h后板材板面平整,无收缩变形。对比泡沫性能可以看出,实施例的导热系数比对比例1略微偏高,但也均低于30mw/M·K,对比挤塑板等保温材料仍旧有很大的优势,在实际应用中,搭建工业厂房以及各种临时工棚时,导热系数均非首要指标,故也能达到要求。而其余指标包括压缩强度≥120KPa,吸水率≤3%,也均满足实际需要,在安全方面,复合B2级的阻燃等级在存储、运输和使用过程中也与对比例相同。因此,将本发明的组合聚醚用于聚氨酯夹芯板的连续式生产工艺,具有降低连续板的密度,提高生产速度,板材性能优良,阻燃等级高,生产过程无三废,板材质量可控的优点。同时,根据本发明还可更换发泡剂生产绿色环保、无氟的聚氨酯连续板,具有很好的市场应用前景。

Claims (10)

1.一种组合聚醚,所述组合聚醚用于聚氨酯夹芯板的连续式生产工艺,其特征在于,所述组合聚醚由重量比为100∶100~110的甲组分和乙组分组成,所述甲组分包括以下重量份数的原料:10~20份聚酯多元醇A、40~60份聚醚多元醇B、20~50份聚醚多元醇C、1~2份泡沫稳定剂、0.5~1份开孔剂、2.5~4份化学发泡剂、1~3份催化剂I、0.4~1份催化剂II、0.6~1.5份催化剂III、35~50份物理发泡剂、20~30份阻燃剂;所述乙组分为多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯;
其中,聚酯多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B和聚醚多元醇C的总重量份数为100份;所述的聚酯多元醇A满足下述指标:官能度为2,羟值为190~200mgKOH/g,25℃下的粘度为1200~2500mpa·s;所述的聚醚多元醇B是以蔗糖为起始剂的聚醚多元醇,所述聚醚多元醇B满足下述指标:羟值为430~470mgKOH/g,25℃下的粘度为17250-17750mPa·s;所述的聚醚多元醇C是以蔗糖为起始剂的聚醚多元醇,所述聚醚多元醇C满足下述指标:羟值为370~390mgKOH/g,25℃下的粘度为10000~11000mPa·s;
所述催化剂I为胺类凝胶型催化剂,所述催化剂II为胺类三聚催化剂和/或金属三聚催化剂,所述催化剂III为胺类凝胶型催化剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合聚醚,其特征在于,所述的泡沫稳定剂为空气化工产品公司生产的产品编号为DC-193、LK-221、LK665和迈图高新材料公司生产的产品编号为L6860的泡沫稳定剂中的一种或几种。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合聚醚,其特征在于,所述的开孔剂为赢创德固赛公司生产的产品编号为O-501的开孔剂;和/或,
所述的化学发泡剂为水,更佳地为去离子水。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合聚醚,其特征在于,所述的催化剂I为二甲基环己胺和/或复合胺类催化剂;所述的催化剂II选自1,3,5-三(二甲氨基丙基)-六氢三嗪和异辛酸钾的一缩二乙二醇溶液中的一种或几种;所述催化剂III为N,N-二甲基苄胺。
5.如权利要求1所述的组合聚醚,其特征在于,所述物理发泡剂选自氢化氟氯烃类发泡剂和氢化氟烷烃类发泡剂中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合聚醚,其特征在于,所述物理发泡剂选自HFC-245fa、HFC-365mfc和HFC-227ea中的一种或几种。
7.如权利要求1所述的组合聚醚,其特征在于,所述的阻燃剂选自三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(氯异丙基)磷酸酯、磷酸三乙酯和乙基膦酸二乙酯中的一种或几种。
8.一种聚氨酯夹芯板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚氨酯夹芯板由如权利要求1~7任一项所述的组合聚醚制备得到,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)甲组分的制备:将所述聚酯多元醇A、所述聚醚多元醇B、所述聚醚多元醇C、所述泡沫稳定剂、所述开孔剂、所述化学发泡剂、所述催化剂、所述物理发泡剂和所述阻燃剂按照配方重量投入不锈钢反应釜中,常温搅拌混合30~60min,得到所述甲组分;
(2)将所述甲组分和所述乙组分以甲组分∶乙组分=100∶100~110的重量配比,按照常规的聚氨酯夹芯板的连续式生产工艺进行发泡、成型、熟化,即得。
9.如权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述连续式生产工艺的工艺参数为:夹芯板面材选用彩钢板,甲组分和乙组分的温度控制在20~25℃,甲组分∶乙组分=100∶105,控制层压机温度为35~45℃,切割后常温熟化24小时以上,熟化温度为25~30℃,熟化时间48~72小时。
10.一种由权利要求8或9所述的制备方法制得的聚氨酯夹芯板。
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