CN105061715A - 一种用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚及其制备方法,用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其原料包括如下组分:聚醚多元醇40~135份,催化剂0.8~11份,阻燃剂10-60份,泡沫稳定剂0~5份,水0.5~3份和发泡剂HFC-245eb?15~80份,所述份数为质量份数。本发明用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,通过使用HFC245eb为发泡剂制得的板材聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料具有良好的保温性能、机械强度和尺寸稳定性能;是建筑板材保温领域的理想保温材料,安全、环保,满足国家在冰箱家电领域的节能减排要求,且成本低廉,安全性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚及其制备方法,属于聚氨酯泡沫塑料领域。
背景技术
硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料为当前世界最佳的保温节能材料,其广泛用于板材冷柜、建筑、交通运输、石油化工、航空军用等领域做保温隔热材料和结构性能材料。发泡剂是PU泡沫塑料中最重要的一种助剂,发泡剂的种类、数量对PU的物理机械性能、泡沫密度、耐温性能等有直接影响。根据蒙特利尔议定书及其后续的修订案,发展中国家使用HCFC-141b的最后期限为2030年,对部分发达国家要求是在2010年,对美国、日本等国家要求在2003年年底在硬泡行业中停止使用。
现在国内板材领域采用的替代发泡剂主要是HCFC-141b、环戊烷或异戊烷。根据中国聚氨酯泡沫行业HCFC-141b淘汰计划,2013年之后每年都按一定比例削减用量,发展中国家使用HCFC-141b的最后期限为2030年;而环/异戊烷发泡体系在生产过程中易燃易爆,对工艺要求非常严格,且原来的HCFC类发泡体系生产设备和厂房需要投入大量的资金进行后期安全改造,厂家实施难度较大。
目前,虽然也有烃类发泡剂和全水类发泡剂的使用,但烃类发泡剂因易燃易爆,设备改造困难,资金压力大;而全水类发泡体系存在导热系数较高、尺寸稳定性相对较差、对原材料要求较高、配方相对不成熟、实施难度大等缺点。
同时国家要求2015年北方采暖地区普遍执行不低于65%的建筑节能标准,鼓励有条件地区率先实施75%的标准,南方地区探索比现行标准更高节能水平的标准。板材聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料寻找更节能、更安全、更环保、保温性能尺寸稳定性优异的发泡剂显得格外重要。
发明内容
本发明提供一种用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚及其制备方法,所用发泡剂环保、安全、节能、可靠、性能优良,所制备的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有优异的保温性能、机械强度和尺寸稳定性能。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其原料包括如下组分:聚醚多元醇40~135份,催化剂0.8~11份,阻燃剂10-60份,泡沫稳定剂0~5份,水0.5~3份和发泡剂HFC-245eb15~80份,所述份数为质量份数。
将上述各原料按上述质量份投入到容器内搅拌均匀,即得到冰箱聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚。上述发泡剂HFC-245eb的化学名称为1,1,2,3,3-五氟丙烷。
申请人经研究发现:HFC-245eb具有较低的沸点和导热系数,与HCFC类相比,HFC-245eb对环境友好,破坏臭氧层潜值ODP为零,温室效应潜值GWP较低,分子量130.05g/mol,密度1.267g/m3,沸点23℃并且非易燃无毒性无色气体;与CFC-11和HCFC-141b相比,HFC-245eb具有较低的沸点和较高的蒸汽压,可以改进泡沫的某些特性,尤其是低温下的性能,使泡沫在一定温度范围内具有较大的机械性能和更优异的保温性能;因此,HFC-245eb具有优异的物理特性和环保性能,是板材领域进行ODS替代的重要产品。
通过上述用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚所制得的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料成型密度在30~70kg/m3,具有优异的保温性能、尺寸稳定性能和机械性能,是建筑板材保温领域的理想保温材料,安全、环保,满足国家在冰箱家电领域的节能减排要求;且成本低廉,安全性高。
优选,用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其原料包括如下组分:聚醚多元醇70~130份,催化剂1.3~4.3份,阻燃剂20-28份,泡沫稳定剂2.5~3份,水1.5~2份和发泡剂HFC-245eb30~50份,所述份数为质量份数。
现有各种常用的聚醚多元醇均能解决本申请的技术问题,但为了进一步提高所得硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的保温性、尺寸稳定性和机械强度等性能,优选,聚醚多元醇包括:聚醚多元醇Ⅰ0~30份,聚醚多元醇Ⅱ0~65份,聚醚多元醇Ⅲ0~10份和聚酯多元醇Ⅳ0~30份,所述份数为质量份数;其中,聚醚多元醇Ⅰ的官能度为4~6,羟值为390~550mgKOH/g,粘度(25℃)4000~20000cp;聚醚多元醇Ⅱ的官能度为4~6,羟值为350~480mgKOH/g,粘度(25℃)2000~16000cp;聚醚多元醇Ⅲ的官能度为3~5,羟值为700~900mgKOH/g,粘度(50℃)1000~4000cp;聚酯多元醇Ⅳ的官能度2~3,羟值300~480mgKOH/g,粘度(25℃)1500~8000cp。进一步优选,聚醚多元醇Ⅰ的官能度为5;聚醚多元醇Ⅱ的官能度为5.2;聚醚多元醇Ⅲ的官能度为4;聚酯多元醇Ⅳ的官能度为2.2。
聚醚多元醇由起始剂与环氧丙烷聚合而成;为了进一步提高所得产品的保温性能和机械强度,优选,聚醚多元醇Ⅰ所用起始剂为山梨醇;聚醚多元醇Ⅱ所用起始剂为蔗糖或二甘醇,并在添加棕榈油的条件下聚合;聚醚多元醇Ⅲ所用起始剂为乙二胺;聚酯多元醇Ⅳ所用起始剂为精对苯二甲酸、苯酐、乙二醇或甘油。
为了更进一步提高所得硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料的保温性、机械强度和尺寸稳定性等性能,进一步优选,聚醚多元醇包括:聚醚多元醇Ⅰ20~30份,聚醚多元醇Ⅱ40~65份,聚醚多元醇Ⅲ3~10份和聚酯多元醇Ⅳ7~25份,所述份数为质量份数。
本申请可使用现有常用的各种催化剂,但为了进一步保证反应效率,并促进各组分之间的协同效应,优选,催化剂包括:催化剂Ⅰ0.5~4份,复合催化剂Ⅱ0.3~6份和催化剂Ⅲ0~1份,所述份数为质量份数;其中,催化剂Ⅰ为N,N-二甲基环已胺,复合催化剂Ⅱ为季胺盐类化合物、三乙烯二胺、1,3,5-二(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪或醋酸钾中的至少一种,催化剂Ⅲ为五甲基二乙烯三胺。
上述季胺盐类化合物进一步优选为烷基三甲基季铵盐、烷基二甲基苄基季铵盐或烷基二甲基羟乙基季铵盐。复合催化剂Ⅱ优选为三乙烯二胺和1,3,5-二(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪质量比为1:(2~3)的混合物。
为了更进一步保证反应效率,同时使各组分间的协同效应发挥到最佳,进一步优选,催化剂Ⅰ1~2份,复合催化剂Ⅱ0.3~2份和催化剂Ⅲ0~0.2份,所述份数为质量份数。
本申请可使用保温板材领域的各种阻燃剂,但为了能进一步促进各组分之间的协同效应,达到最佳的阻燃效果,优选,阻燃剂包括:阻燃剂Ⅰ10-40份,阻燃剂Ⅱ0-20份,所述份数为质量份数;其中,阻燃剂Ⅰ为磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯,阻燃剂Ⅱ为磷酸三乙酯。
为了能达到更好的阻燃效果,进一步优选,阻燃剂包括:阻燃剂Ⅰ20-25份,阻燃剂Ⅱ0-5份,所述份数为质量份数。
为了进一步促进各组分之间的协同效应,保证产品质量,优选,原料组份中:泡沫稳定剂的质量含量为2.5~3份,水的质量含量为1.5~2份,发泡剂HFC-245eb的质量含量为30~50份,所述份数为质量份数;其中,泡沫稳定剂为AK8863。泡沫稳定剂可使用保温板材领域常用的各种试剂,但申请人经研究发现,使用AK8863可促使各组分之间的协同效应发挥到最佳,从而使最终产品的性能达到最佳。
上述用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚的制备方法,将聚醚多元醇、催化剂、阻燃剂、泡沫稳定剂和水混匀后,再将发泡剂加入并混匀,即得。
上述质量份数均为同一基准下的质量份数。
将本申请所得HFC-245eb型组合聚醚与异氰酸酯反应即可得到聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料,具体工艺参照现有技术。
本发明未提及的技术均参照现有技术。
本发明用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,通过使用HFC245eb为发泡剂制得的板材聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料具有良好的保温性能、机械强度和尺寸稳定性能;制品的成型密度在30~70kg/m3范围内,压缩强度大于140kPa,导热系数小于0.020w/(m.k),低温尺寸稳定性(-30℃,24h)小于等于0.2%,高温尺寸稳定性(70℃,相对湿度95%±5%,24h)小于1%,吸水率小于2%,是建筑板材保温领域的理想保温材料,安全、环保,满足国家在冰箱家电领域的节能减排要求,且成本低廉,安全性高;本申请制备方法简单,对工艺过程无特别要求。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明,下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容,但本发明的内容不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例
各实施例中所用原料如下:
聚醚多元醇Ⅰ(名称为600A,羟值421mgKOH/g,官能度5,粘度(25℃)11500cp)、聚醚多元醇Ⅱ(名称为8238,羟值392mgKOH/g,官能度5.2,粘度(25℃)7350cp)、聚醚多元醇Ⅲ(名称为403,羟值770mgKOH/g,官能度4,粘度(50℃)2100cp)都为绍兴市恒丰聚氨酯实业有限公司生产;聚酯多元醇Ⅳ(名称为400A,羟值425mgKOH/g,官能度2.2,粘度(25℃)2950cp)为张家港南光化工有限公司生产;
催化剂Ⅰ为N,N-二甲基环已胺;生产厂家为江都市大江化工厂;复合催化剂Ⅱ为三乙烯二胺和1,3,5-二(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪质量比为1:2.5的混合物,生产厂家为江都市大江化工厂;催化剂Ⅲ为五甲基二乙烯三胺,生产厂家为空气化工产品(上海)有限公司;
泡沫稳定剂Ⅰ为AK8863,生产厂家为南京德美世创化工有限公司;
阻燃剂Ⅰ为TCPP,化学名为磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯,生产厂家为江苏雅克科技股份有限公司;阻燃剂Ⅱ为TEP,化学名为磷酸三乙酯,生产厂家为江苏雅克科技股份有限公司;
发泡剂为HFC-245eb,化学名称为1,1,2,3,3-五氟丙烷,生产厂家为江苏蓝色星球环保科技有限公司。
各实施例均按以下方法制备:将各原料按表1中所给的份额投入容器内搅拌均匀(将聚醚多元醇、催化剂、阻燃剂、泡沫稳定剂和水混匀后,再将发泡剂加入并混匀),得到使用HFC245eb为发泡剂的组合聚醚。将该组合聚醚与多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯按组合聚醚:异氰酸酯=1:(1~2)的重量比进行高速混合反应,其中,反应温度为20-25℃,搅拌速度为3000r/min(在起始时间搅拌即可),起始时间为12±5s,纤维时间为45±10s,不粘时间为70±20s,制成聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料。
表1各实施例的原料配比及所得产品的性能表
注:1.上表中原料均按质量份额计算;2.泡沫表观芯密度按国家标准GB/T6343-2009进行测试;导热系数按国家标准GB/T10294-2008进行测试;压缩强度按国家标准GB/T8813-2008进行测试;尺寸稳定性按国家标准GB/T8811-2008进行测试;吸水率按国家标准GB/T8810-2005进行测试。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其特征在于:其原料包括如下组分:聚醚多元醇40~135份,催化剂0.8~11份,阻燃剂10-60份,泡沫稳定剂0~5份,水0.5~3份和发泡剂HFC-245eb15~80份,所述份数为质量份数。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其特征在于:聚醚多元醇包括:聚醚多元醇Ⅰ0~30份,聚醚多元醇Ⅱ0~65份,聚醚多元醇Ⅲ0~10份和聚酯多元醇Ⅳ0~30份,所述份数为质量份数;其中,聚醚多元醇Ⅰ的官能度为4~6,羟值为390~550mgKOH/g,粘度(25℃)4000~20000cp;聚醚多元醇Ⅱ的官能度为4~6,羟值为350~480mgKOH/g,粘度(25℃)2000~16000cp;聚醚多元醇Ⅲ的官能度为3~5,羟值为700~900mgKOH/g,粘度(50℃)1000~4000cp;聚酯多元醇Ⅳ的官能度2~3,羟值300~480mgKOH/g,粘度(25℃)1500~8000cp。
3.如权利要求2所述的用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其特征在于:聚醚多元醇由起始剂与环氧丙烷聚合而成;其中,聚醚多元醇Ⅰ所用起始剂为山梨醇;聚醚多元醇Ⅱ所用起始剂为蔗糖或二甘醇,并在添加棕榈油的条件下聚合;聚醚多元醇Ⅲ所用起始剂为乙二胺;聚酯多元醇Ⅳ所用起始剂为精对苯二甲酸、苯酐、乙二醇或甘油。
4.如权利要求2所述的用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其特征在于:聚醚多元醇包括:聚醚多元醇Ⅰ20~30份,聚醚多元醇Ⅱ40~65份,聚醚多元醇Ⅲ3~10份和聚酯多元醇Ⅳ7~25份,所述份数为质量份数。
5.如权利要求1-4任意一项所述的用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其特征在于:催化剂包括:催化剂Ⅰ0.5~4份,复合催化剂Ⅱ0.3~6份和催化剂Ⅲ0~1份,所述份数为质量份数;其中,催化剂Ⅰ为N,N-二甲基环已胺,复合催化剂Ⅱ为季胺盐类化合物、三乙烯二胺、1,3,5-二(二甲氨基丙基)六氢三嗪或醋酸钾中的至少一种,催化剂Ⅲ为五甲基二乙烯三胺。
6.如权利要求5所述的用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其特征在于:催化剂包括:催化剂Ⅰ1~2份,复合催化剂Ⅱ0.3~2份和催化剂Ⅲ0~0.2份,所述份数为质量份数。
7.如权利要求1-4任意一项所述的用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其特征在于:阻燃剂包括:阻燃剂Ⅰ10-40份,阻燃剂Ⅱ0-20份,所述份数为质量份数;其中,阻燃剂Ⅰ为磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯,阻燃剂Ⅱ为磷酸三乙酯。
8.如权利要求7所述的用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其特征在于:阻燃剂包括:阻燃剂Ⅰ20-25份,阻燃剂Ⅱ0-5份,所述份数为质量份数。
9.如权利要求1-4任意一项所述的用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚,其特征在于:原料组份中:泡沫稳定剂的质量含量为2.5~3份,水的质量含量为1.5~2份,发泡剂HFC-245eb的质量含量为30~50份,所述份数为质量份数;其中,泡沫稳定剂为AK8863。
10.权利要求1-9任意一项所述的用于板材聚氨酯塑料的HFC-245eb型组合聚醚的制备方法,其特征在于:将聚醚多元醇、催化剂、阻燃剂、泡沫稳定剂和水混匀后,再将发泡剂加入并混匀,即得。
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CN109438664B (zh) * | 2018-09-30 | 2021-06-18 | 山东一诺威新材料有限公司 | 家电用阻燃性硬泡聚氨酯材料及其制备方法 |
CN114574075A (zh) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-06-03 | 江苏中基复合材料有限公司 | 一种涂树脂铝箔盖板用铝箔及其制备方法 |
CN117264164A (zh) * | 2023-10-25 | 2023-12-22 | 上海玓墨节能科技有限公司 | 一种保冷浇注型聚氨酯泡沫及其制备方法和应用 |
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