CN105504260A - 硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇及其制备方法 - Google Patents

硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105504260A
CN105504260A CN201510962658.5A CN201510962658A CN105504260A CN 105504260 A CN105504260 A CN 105504260A CN 201510962658 A CN201510962658 A CN 201510962658A CN 105504260 A CN105504260 A CN 105504260A
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polyether polyol
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段燕芳
刘小会
徐韦
王丙龙
王怀祥
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Zhonghua Dongda Zibo Co ltd
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    • C08G65/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
    • C08G65/2639Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing elements other than oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur
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    • C08G65/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G65/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
    • C08G65/26Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds
    • C08G65/2642Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds characterised by the catalyst used
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Abstract

本发明属于化工合成技术领域,具体涉及一种硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇及其制备方法。向反应釜中加入甘油、蔗糖、四溴双酚A、环糊精和三氟化硼乙醚,搅拌,氮气置换,升温搅拌;再依次加入环氧氯丙烷和环氧丙烷反应,制得产品。本发明是在聚醚多元醇的起始剂中引入阻燃元素,从而获得阻燃性能;制得的聚醚多元醇具有阻燃性能持久性好、产品的各项物理性能指标良好等优点。

Description

硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于化工合成技术领域,具体涉及一种硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯(PU)硬质泡沫是一种性能优越的高分子材料,被广泛地应用于工业、农业、军事、文教及医疗卫生等众多领域。由于该材料绝热效果好、机械强度高、电学性能、耐化学腐蚀性能及隔音效果优良,使其在家具、汽车内饰、建筑保温、家电等诸多工程领域有着其他材料不可替代的作用,特别是在建筑保温方面,由于世界能源短缺和节能目标的要求,聚氨酯硬质泡沫作为较好的绝热保温材料将被大量使用。
我国将硬质聚氨酯泡沫大面积应用于墙体保温工程始于2003年,至今应用最多的仍然是喷涂硬泡聚氨酯外墙外保温系统,占整个聚氨酯外墙外保温系统应用量的90%以上。作为一种新型的墙体保温系统,喷涂硬泡聚氨酯外墙保温系统具有以下优点:(1)保温效果好。(2)无空腔构造,抗风压能力强。(3)防潮性能优良。(4)具有良好的施工性能。
众所周知,聚氨酯硬质泡沫是一种有机材料,未经阻燃处理的聚氨酯硬泡的氧指数一般低于19,属易燃材料,燃烧过程中释放出HCN、CO等有毒气体,给灭火及火场逃生都带来很大的困难。国内外已经报道了多起聚氨酯硬泡起火及造成巨大经济损失和人员伤亡的火灾案例。对于聚氨酯硬泡材料的火灾危险性早已引起了人们的重视。
喷涂硬质聚氨酯泡沫目前通用的制备方法是:采用蔗糖类聚醚多元醇和胺醚为主体聚醚,添加大量催化剂,以及硅油、发泡剂和阻燃剂配成组合聚醚,再与PAPI组分混合、反应,得到发泡速率适宜的喷涂聚氨酯硬泡。
聚氨酯硬泡的合成反应主要是多异氰酸酯与多元醇之间的化学反应。为保持制品的各种性能,在反应物料中需添加多种助剂。为了获得足够的阻燃性能,常常采取在组合料中加入一定量阻燃剂的办法,但阻燃剂的添加,对合成反应及制品性能都会产生一些不利的影响。为减少阻燃剂的使用,又不影响制品的阻燃性,国内外都已在反应型阻燃硬泡聚醚多元醇方面展开了工作。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇,阻燃性能持久性好、各项物理性能指标良好;本发明同时提供了硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备方法,科学合理、简单易行。
本发明所述的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇,由如下重量份数的原料制成:
本发明所述的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)向反应釜中加入甘油、蔗糖、四溴双酚A、环糊精和三氟化硼乙醚,搅拌,氮气置换,升温搅拌;
(2)向步骤(1)的物料中依次加入环氧氯丙烷和环氧丙烷反应,制得产品。
步骤(1)中所述的升温搅拌的搅拌温度是80-100℃。
步骤(1)中所述的升温搅拌的搅拌时间是2-3小时。
步骤(1)中所述的氮气置换的次数是2-3次。
步骤(2)中所述的反应温度是105-115℃。
步骤(2)中所述的反应时间是4-6小时。
步骤(2)中所述的反应压力是0.1-0.4Mpa。
所述的四溴双酚A原料可使最终产品获得永久而优异的阻燃效果,因为卤素是以化学键的方式结合到最终的聚合物上。
所述的环糊精作为起始剂较蔗糖更易反应,使反应更充分完全,产品最终指标性能更稳定、优异。
所述的三氟化硼乙醚是一种优秀的聚合催化剂,催化效率高,产物无需后处理。
本发明的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇可用于聚氨酯外墙外保温系统。
采用本发明的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇配以聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯、催化剂、发泡剂和阻燃剂等原料,制备出新型高阻燃喷涂硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
本发明是在聚醚多元醇的起始剂中引入阻燃元素,从而获得阻燃性能;制得的聚醚多元醇具有阻燃性能持久性好、产品的各项物理性能指标良好等优点。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
向不锈钢反应釜中加入甘油80份,蔗糖30份,四溴双酚A50份,环糊精15份,再加入三氟化硼乙醚2.5份,温度≤40℃;开启搅拌,氮气置换2次;升温至100℃,搅拌3h;再升温至105℃,开始连续加入90份环氧氯丙烷,90份环氧丙烷,控制压力0.1-0.4MPa,温度110-115℃,内压反应6h,得到产品。
实施例2
向不锈钢反应釜中加入甘油50份,蔗糖20份,四溴双酚A55份,环糊精25份,再加入三氟化硼乙醚3份,温度≤40℃;开启搅拌,氮气置换3次;升温至95℃,搅拌2.5h;再升温至105℃,开始连续加入75份环氧氯丙烷,120份环氧丙烷,控制压力0.1-0.4MPa,温度105-110℃,内压反应4.5h,得到产品。
实施例3
向不锈钢反应釜中加入甘油65份,蔗糖25份,四溴双酚A45份,环糊精35份,再加入三氟化硼乙醚2份,温度≤40℃;开启搅拌,氮气置换2次;升温至80℃,搅拌2h;再升温至105℃,开始连续加入60份环氧氯丙烷,100份环氧丙烷,控制压力0.1-0.4MPa,温度105-110℃,内压反应4h,得到产品。
实施例4
向不锈钢反应釜中加入甘油70份,蔗糖20份,四溴双酚A40份,环糊精20份,再加入三氟化硼乙醚1份,温度≤40℃;开启搅拌,氮气置换3次;升温至90℃,搅拌2.5h;再升温至105℃,开始连续加入90份环氧氯丙烷,120份环氧丙烷,控制压力0.1-0.4MPa,温度110-115℃,内压反应5h,得到产品。
实施例1-4制得的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的性能指标见表1。
表1硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的性能指标
将实施例的聚醚多元醇与聚酯多元醇、泡沫稳定剂、催化剂、发泡剂及阻燃剂等原料按确定比例混合,搅拌均匀,即制得组合聚醚。
由其发泡制备的聚氨酯泡沫的产品性能指标见表2。
表2聚氨酯泡沫的产品性能

Claims (7)

1.一种硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇,其特征在于由如下重量份数的原料制成:
2.一种权利要求1所述的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于步骤如下:
(1)向反应釜中加入甘油、蔗糖、四溴双酚A、环糊精和三氟化硼乙醚,搅拌,氮气置换,升温搅拌;
(2)向步骤(1)的物料中依次加入环氧氯丙烷和环氧丙烷反应,制得产品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中所述的升温搅拌的搅拌温度是80-100℃。
4.根据权利要求2所述的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中所述的升温搅拌的搅拌时间是2-3小时。
5.根据权利要求2所述的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述的反应温度是105-115℃。
6.根据权利要求2所述的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述的反应时间是4-6小时。
7.根据权利要求2所述的硬泡阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中所述的反应压力是0.1-0.4Mpa。
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112300565A (zh) * 2020-11-09 2021-02-02 滁州环球聚氨酯科技有限公司 一种叉车用耐磨聚氨酯轮胎及其制备方法
CN112646161A (zh) * 2020-12-14 2021-04-13 山东一诺威新材料有限公司 全蔗糖型阻燃聚醚多元醇及其制备方法
WO2024037541A1 (zh) * 2022-08-18 2024-02-22 上海东大化学有限公司 基于环糊精的聚醚多元醇的合成方法

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CN104262610A (zh) * 2014-10-11 2015-01-07 淄博德信联邦化学工业有限公司 阻燃聚醚多元醇的制备方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112300565A (zh) * 2020-11-09 2021-02-02 滁州环球聚氨酯科技有限公司 一种叉车用耐磨聚氨酯轮胎及其制备方法
CN112646161A (zh) * 2020-12-14 2021-04-13 山东一诺威新材料有限公司 全蔗糖型阻燃聚醚多元醇及其制备方法
CN112646161B (zh) * 2020-12-14 2022-11-29 山东一诺威新材料有限公司 全蔗糖型阻燃聚醚多元醇及其制备方法
WO2024037541A1 (zh) * 2022-08-18 2024-02-22 上海东大化学有限公司 基于环糊精的聚醚多元醇的合成方法

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