CN107383330A - 一种高阻燃环保型保温材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高阻燃环保型保温材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107383330A
CN107383330A CN201710638564.1A CN201710638564A CN107383330A CN 107383330 A CN107383330 A CN 107383330A CN 201710638564 A CN201710638564 A CN 201710638564A CN 107383330 A CN107383330 A CN 107383330A
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吴雯钰
吴锁芳
章雷
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Zhenjiang Kurt New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种高阻燃环保型保温材料，由环保白料与异氰酸酯按照1:1～2.4的质量比混合发泡制备而成，所述环保白料包括按重量份计的如下组份：聚醚多元醇10～30份，聚酯多元醇20～40份，有机阻燃剂10～30份，固态阻燃剂5～10份，发泡剂2～5份；所述异氰酸酯为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯中的一种或两种的混合物。本发明改变了传统聚氨酯产品阻燃差的特性，产品氧指数大于31，同时还具有极低的导热系数。

Description

一种高阻燃环保型保温材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高阻燃环保型保温材料及其制备方法，具体是一种硬质聚氨酯保温泡沫体的制备方法。
背景技术
聚氨酯泡沫是以异氰酸酯和聚醚为主要原料，在发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂等多种助剂的作用下，通过专用设备混合，经高压喷涂现场发泡而成的高分子聚合物。聚氨酯泡有软泡和硬泡两种，软泡为开孔结构，硬泡为闭孔结构；软泡又分为结皮和不结皮两种，常用于沙发家具、枕头、坐垫、玩具、服装和隔音内衬；硬泡是一种具有保温与防水功能的新型合成材料，主要应用在建筑物外墙保温、屋面防水保温一体化、冷库保温隔热、管道保温材料、建筑板材、冷藏车及冷库隔热材等。
普通聚氨酯合成主要是-OH和-NCO之间的和链增长的过程，，燃烧危险系数高，且伴随大量的有毒浓烟，无法满足建筑物的防火标准。此外，配方中需要加入大量的阻燃剂以满足防火的需要，通常使用的是一氟二氯乙烷，该产品是氟利昂的替代产品，我国在2025年全面禁止使用。为提升聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能，在发泡配方中采用过量的异氰酸酯官能团(-NCO)进行三聚反应形成异氰脲酸酯六元环，不仅可提高最终形成的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫的压缩强度和尺寸稳定性，同时泡沫的热稳定性也明显提高。一般在使用芳香族聚酯多元醇的配方体系中，添加少量液体阻燃剂，泡沫产品的氧指数可提高到25～26左右，并且拥有优异的抗火焰贯穿的性能。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足，提供一种高阻燃环保白料无氯发泡技术，用特殊的原料改变原有的聚氨酯化学合成方式，从而达到高阻燃的目的。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明公开了一种高阻燃环保型保温材料，由环保白料与异氰酸酯按照1:1～2.4的质量比混合发泡制备而成，所述环保白料包括按重量份计的如下组份：
聚醚多元醇10～30份，
聚酯多元醇20～40份，
有机阻燃剂10～30份，
固态阻燃剂5～10份，
发泡剂2～5份；
所述异氰酸酯为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯中的一种或两种的混合物。
其中，所述聚醚多元醇为植物纤维基聚醚多元醇、植物油基聚醚多元醇、线性环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇中的一种或多种。
其中，所述聚酯多元醇为苯酐聚酯多元醇或芳香族聚酯多元醇。
其中，所述有机阻燃剂为磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂。
其中，所述固态阻燃剂为膨胀石墨、三聚氰胺、红磷、多聚磷酸铵、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和二氧化硅中的一种或多种。
其中，所述发泡剂为Solkane 365/227，即1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷和1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷的混合物。
其中，所述环保白料还包括按重量份计的如下组份：
催化剂2～4份，
泡沫稳定剂1～2份，
水3～6份。
上述高阻燃环保型保温材料的制备方法，先将配比量的环保白料各组份在搅拌机中混合30～60min，然后加入配比量的异氰酸酯，升温至30～50℃，继续搅拌1～2h既得。
有益效果：
1、采用阻燃聚醚多元醇复合聚酯多元醇的配方，改变了传统聚氨酯产品阻燃差的特性，测试的氧指数大于30。
2、采用磷-氮膨胀型有机阻燃剂，利用原料自聚，并且在原料本身链上接入N、P等阻燃元素使其具有更佳的阻燃效果，和外加阻燃剂有着本质的区别。
3、采用环保的Solkane 365/227发泡剂，解决了发泡剂与其他原料的相容性问题，生产出来的产品泡沫孔更加细腻。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例，可以更好地理解本发明。然而，本领域的技术人员容易理解，实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明，而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1
将植物纤维基聚醚多元醇5份、植物油基聚醚多元醇15份、苯酐聚酯多元醇30份、磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂30份，固态阻燃剂6份、发泡剂4份、催化剂3份、泡沫稳定剂2份和水5份置于搅拌机中混合60min制备得到环保白料，然后加入环保白料质量的2.2倍的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯，升温至45℃，继续搅拌1.5h获得该高阻燃环保型保温材料。
实施例2
将植物纤维基聚醚多元醇5份、植物油基聚醚多元醇5份、苯酐聚酯多元醇40份、磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂10份，固态阻燃剂10份、发泡剂2份、催化剂2份、泡沫稳定剂1份和水3份置于搅拌机中混合30min制备得到环保白料，然后加入环保白料质量的1倍的二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯，升温至30℃，继续搅拌1h获得该高阻燃环保型保温材料。
实施例3
将植物纤维基聚醚多元醇5份、植物油基聚醚多元醇5份、线性环氧乙烷聚醚多元醇20份、苯酐聚酯多元醇20份、磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂20份，固态阻燃剂5份、发泡剂5份、催化剂4份、泡沫稳定剂2份和水6份置于搅拌机中混合45min制备得到环保白料，然后加入环保白料质量的2.4倍的多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯，升温至50℃，继续搅拌2h获得该高阻燃环保型保温材料。
实施例4
将植物纤维基聚醚多元醇5份、植物油基聚醚多元醇5份、线性环氧乙烷聚醚多元醇10份、苯酐聚酯多元醇20份、芳香族聚酯多元醇10份、磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂20份，固态阻燃剂6份、发泡剂5份、催化剂4份、泡沫稳定剂2份和水6份置于搅拌机中混合45min制备得到环保白料，然后加入环保白料质量的2.4倍的多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯，升温至50℃，继续搅拌2h获得该高阻燃环保型保温材料。
采用国标GB/T6343-2009测定实施例1、2和3所制备产品的密度，采用国标GB/T10295-2008测定产品的导热系数，采用国标GB/T8811-2008测定产品的尺寸稳定性，采用国标GB/T10799-2008测定产品的闭孔率，采用国标GB/T2406-2008测定产品的氧指数，结果列于表1。
表1
实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4
密度(kg/m3) 52 48 40 60
导热系数W/(M·K)20℃ 0.017 0.023 0.020 0.024
尺寸稳定性/％ 0.98 0.96 0.95 0.96
闭孔率/％ 97 96 95 96
氧指数/％ 33 30 31 32
本发明提供了一种高阻燃环保型保温材料及其制备方法的思路及方法，具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多，以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和润饰，这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (8)

1.一种高阻燃环保型保温材料，其特征在于，由环保白料与异氰酸酯按照1:1～2.4的质量比混合发泡制备而成，所述环保白料包括按重量份计的如下组份：
聚醚多元醇10～30份，
聚酯多元醇20～40份，
有机阻燃剂10～30份，
固态阻燃剂5～10份，
发泡剂2～5份；
所述异氰酸酯为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯或多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯中的一种或两种的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃环保型保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚醚多元醇为植物纤维基聚醚多元醇、植物油基聚醚多元醇、线性环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷聚醚多元醇中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃环保型保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚酯多元醇为苯酐聚酯多元醇或芳香族聚酯多元醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃环保型保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述有机阻燃剂为磷-氮膨胀型阻燃剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃环保型保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述固态阻燃剂为膨胀石墨、三聚氰胺、红磷、多聚磷酸铵、氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和二氧化硅中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃环保型保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述发泡剂为1,1,1,3,3-五氟丁烷和1,1,1,2,3,3,3-七氟丙烷的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高阻燃环保型保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述环保白料还包括按重量份计的如下组份：
催化剂2～4份，
泡沫稳定剂1～2份，
水3～6份。
8.权利要求1～7任意一项所述高阻燃环保型保温材料的制备方法，其特征在于，先将配比量的环保白料各组份在搅拌机中混合30～60min，然后加入配比量的异氰酸酯，升温至30～50℃，继续搅拌1～2h既得。
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