CN106832207A - 高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN106832207A
CN106832207A CN201710051342.XA CN201710051342A CN106832207A CN 106832207 A CN106832207 A CN 106832207A CN 201710051342 A CN201710051342 A CN 201710051342A CN 106832207 A CN106832207 A CN 106832207A
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张佳佳
徐业峰
念以亭
张丽萍
单明礼
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Shandong Inov New Material Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,具体涉及一种高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚及其制备方法和应用。本发明所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚,由A组分和B组分构成,其中:A组份为,以重量百分数计:聚醚多元醇A 15‑25%;聚醚多元醇B 15‑25%;聚酯多元醇C 10‑15%泡沫稳定剂1‑2%;化学发泡剂1‑2%;催化剂1‑2.7%;阻燃剂20‑30%;物理发泡剂18‑25%。B组份为聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。本发明在自产聚醚与阻燃聚酯搭配的同时添加阻燃剂得到高强度、高阻燃性的聚氨酯泡沫,同时产品兼备保温效果好、表面光滑无缺陷的特点。

Description

高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于聚氨酯技术领域,具体涉及一种高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
目前,以聚氨酯泡沫为主的塑料泡沫行业是中国淘汰氢氯氟烃的主战场,而作为氢氯氟烃系列产品的主力军,HCFC-141b必将遭淘汰。
作为氯氟烃类替代品的氢氟烃包括1,1,1,3,3–五氟丙烷(HFC–245fa)和1,1,1,3,3–五氟丁烷(HFC–365mfc)等,这类化合物分子中不含氯原子,其ODP(消耗臭氧潜能值)值为零。HFC–245fa由于其沸点偏低(15℃)能够改善发泡过程中泡沫的流动性,在一定程度又会造成泡沫内部泡孔增多的影响;HFC–365mfc其沸点高于25℃,发泡设备无需较大改动即可使用,但是其具有一定的可燃性。近年来家庭火灾统计发现,家电引发火灾占到主要比例,家电阻燃材料的需求越来越迫切。目前家电防火性能提高已经达成共识,作为热水器水箱腔体填充的聚氨酯泡沫也需要具备阻燃性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚,本发明同时提供其制备方法和应用。
本发明所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚,由A组分和B组分构成,其中:
A组份为,以重量百分数计:
聚醚多元醇A:15-25%;
聚醚多元醇B:15-25%;
聚酯多元醇C:10-15%;
泡沫稳定剂:1-2%;
化学发泡剂:1-2%;
催化剂:1-2.7%;
阻燃剂:20-30%;
物理发泡剂:18-25%;
其中:
聚醚多元醇A为4-5官能度,羟值为430-460mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇;优选山东一诺威新材料有限公司生产的YNW-7001;
聚醚多元醇B为5-6官能度,羟值为470-500mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇;优选山东一诺威新材料有限公司生产的YNW-482;
聚酯多元醇C为2官能度,羟值为220-260的mgKOH/g的聚酯多元醇;优选南京金陵斯泰潘化学有限公司生产的PS-7001;
B组份为:
聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,优选二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯。
其中:
所述的泡沫稳定剂为SI-C类表面活性剂,优选迈图高新材料有限公司的市售产品L-16268。
所述的化学发泡剂为水,优选去离子水。
所述的催化剂为N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二乙烯三胺(PC-5)、N,N-二甲基环己胺(PC-8)、N,N-二甲基苄胺(Y-27)、1,3,5-三(二甲基氨基丙基)六氢三嗪(PC41)、75wt%醋酸钾溶液(PC-46)的混合物。
所述的阻燃剂为三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯(TCPP)与磷酸三乙酯(TEP)质量比1:1的混合物。
所述的物理发泡剂为HFC-365mfc与HFC-245fa按照质量比95:5的混合物。
所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)A组分的制备:将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚酯多元醇C、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂与物理发泡剂,依次加入反应釜中,在常温下搅拌0.5-1小时,充分混合;
(2)B组分的制备:将聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯称量备用;
使用时,将A组分与B组分按A:B=1:1.2-1.3的重量比通过高压发泡机均匀混合注入模具中生产出高阻燃热水器水箱。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明选用自产聚醚YNW-7001,能够降低反应过程中内部反应压力,所得到的聚氨酯泡沫结皮熟化充分,能提高与基材的粘结力能;搭配高官能度的YNW-482在反应过程中 提高交联密度,增强泡沫强度,同时引入该聚醚多元醇能够减少聚氨酯泡沫结皮缺陷;两种聚醚搭配使用在发泡过程中能提高流动性及在水箱腔体的填充性,充分起到保温作用。
2、本发明选用的阻燃聚酯PS-7001为结构型阻燃聚酯,在该聚酯分子链段内就含有大量芳香族及其他五元杂环,因此引入该阻燃聚酯在提高整个体系阻燃性能的同时也将高强度基团引入聚氨酯泡沫中,能够提高聚氨酯泡沫的整体强度。PS-7001表皮熟化快,加入该组合聚醚中能够提高聚氨酯泡沫与基材的粘结力。
3、本发明中所使用的泡沫稳定剂L-16268,与A组份互溶性好,反应过程中能够使A、B两组分更好混合,得到的聚氨酯泡沫细腻、结构均一性好,降低泡沫的导热系数达到更好的保温效果。
4、本发明中多种催化剂搭配使用,使反应各个速度协调,加入能够促进三聚作用的后固化催化剂使反应中过量的B组份自聚成环,提高聚氨酯泡沫强度的同时增加阻燃性能。
5、本发明中所使用的阻燃剂为TCPP与TEP按质量比1:1混合的混合物。当单独使用TCPP时,阻燃效果较单独使用TEP差,泡沫表皮韧性较好;当只使用TEP时,聚氨酯泡沫表皮出现结皮发脆、掉渣现象,严重影响泡沫与基材的粘结;当二者按质量比1:1混合后使用,即能够保证较高的阻燃性能,同时也避免了泡沫结皮效果差的现象。
6、本发明中所使用的物理发泡剂为HFC-365mfc与HFC-245fa按照质量比95:5混合的混合物,使用该混合物一方面可以直接克服HFC-365mfc的可燃性,另一方面HFC-245fa由于沸点低能提高泡沫在水箱腔体的流动性。HFC-365mfc与HFC-245fa的ODP值为0,符合环保要求。
7、本发明是在常温下进行,既节约能源又减少供能设备和繁琐的操作,应用组合料生产的聚氨酯泡沫保温材料也是在常温、常压下进行,工艺简单,易操作,挥发低,无三废,产品质量稳定,生产周期短,成本低,效率高,耗能低。
综上,本发明以HFC-365mfc与HFC-245fa的混合物作为物理发泡剂符合环保要求,当HFC-365mfc与HFC-245fa按照质量比95:5搭配使用时可以直接克服HFC-365mfc的可燃性。自产聚醚与阻燃聚酯搭配同时添加阻燃剂得到高强度、高阻燃性的聚氨酯泡沫,同时产品兼备保温效果好、表面光滑无缺陷的特点。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
(1)制备A组份,200kg,分别称量聚醚多元醇A:YNW-7001(山东一诺威新材料有限公司)、42kg,聚醚多元醇B:YNW-482(山东一诺威新材料有限公司)、37kg,聚酯多元 醇C:PS-7001(南京金陵斯泰潘化学有限公司)、27kg,泡沫稳定剂:Y-16268(迈图高新材料有限公司)、2.2kg,化学发泡剂:去离子水、2.3kg,催化剂:PC5、0.5kg,PC8、1.3kg,Y-27、1.5kg,PC41、0.6kg,PC46、0.6kg,阻燃剂:TCPP、21kg,TEP 21kg,物理发泡剂:HFC-365mfc与HFC-245fa按照质量比95:5的混合物共43kg。
将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚酯多元醇C、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂与物理发泡剂,依次加入反应釜中,在常温下搅拌0.5小时,充分混合。
(2)B组分二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,240kg。
(3)A组分与B组分按照重量比1:1.2通过高压机均匀混合注入水箱模具中,制得的产品质量指标见表1。
实施例2
(1)制备A组份,200kg,分别称量聚醚多元醇A:YNW-7001(山东一诺威新材料有限公司)、36kg,聚醚多元醇B:YNW-482(山东一诺威新材料有限公司)、41kg,聚酯多元醇C:PS-7001(南京金陵斯泰潘化学有限公司)、25kg,泡沫稳定剂:Y-16268(迈图高新材料有限公司)、2.5kg,化学发泡剂:去离子水、2.4kg,催化剂:PC5、0.6kg,PC8、1.4kg,Y-27、1.6kg,PC41、0.4kg,PC46、1.1kg,阻燃剂:TCPP、23kg,TEP 23kg,物理发泡剂:HFC-365mfc与HFC-245fa按照质量比95:5的混合物共42kg。
将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚酯多元醇C、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂与物理发泡剂,依次加入反应釜中,在常温下搅拌0.5小时,充分混合。
(2)B组分二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,260kg。
(3)A组分与B组分按照重量比1:1.3通过高压机均匀混合注入水箱模具中,制得的产品质量指标见表1。
实施例3
(1)制备A组份,200kg,分别称量聚醚多元醇A:YNW-7001(山东一诺威新材料有限公司)41kg,聚醚多元醇B:YNW-482(山东一诺威新材料有限公司)、41kg,聚酯多元醇C:PS-7001(南京金陵斯泰潘化学有限公司)、20kg,泡沫稳定剂:Y-16268(迈图高新材料有限公司)、2.8kg,化学发泡剂:去离子水、2.4kg,催化剂:PC5、0.5kg,PC8、1.2kg,Y-27、1.5kg,PC41、0.5kg,PC46、1.1kg,阻燃剂:TCPP、21.5kg,TEP 21.5kg,物理发泡剂:HFC-365mfc与HFC-245fa按照质量比95:5的混合物共45kg。
将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚酯多元醇C、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂与物理发泡剂,依次加入反应釜中,在常温下搅拌0.5小时,充分混合。
(2)B组分多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯,250kg。
(3)A组分与B组分按照重量比1:1.25通过高压机均匀混合注入水箱模具中,制得的产品质量指标见表1。
表1实施例1-3的泡沫产品质量检测数据
从表1中可以看出,使用本发明制成的电热水箱用聚氨酯泡沫压缩强度高,尺寸稳定性好,泡孔细腻、导热系数低,阻燃性能优异。实施例2中A、B组份质量比为1:1.3,相当于在聚氨酯泡沫内部的刚性结构含量更高,因此,表1测试结果显示:实施例2中的泡沫强度及阻燃性能最好。

Claims (9)

1.一种高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚,其特征在于:由A组分和B组分构成,其中:
A组份为,以重量百分数计:
其中:
聚醚多元醇A为4-5官能度,羟值为430-460mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇;
聚醚多元醇B为5-6官能度,羟值为470-500mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇;
聚酯多元醇C为2官能度,羟值为220-260mgKOH/g的聚酯多元醇;
B组份为:
聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚,其特征在于:泡沫稳定剂为SI-C类表面活性剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚,其特征在于:化学发泡剂为水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚,其特征在于:催化剂为N,N,N’,N”,N”-五甲基二乙烯三胺、N,N-二甲基环己胺、N,N-二甲基苄胺、1,3,5-三(二甲基氨基丙基)六氢三嗪、75wt%醋酸钾溶液的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚,其特征在于:阻燃剂为三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯与磷酸三乙酯质量比1:1的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚,其特征在于:物理发泡剂为HFC-365mfc与HFC-245fa按照质量比95:5的混合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚,其特征在于:聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯或多亚甲基多苯基异氰酸酯。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)A组分的制备:将称量好的聚醚多元醇A、聚醚多元醇B、聚酯多元醇C、泡沫稳定剂、化学发泡剂、催化剂、阻燃剂与物理发泡剂,依次加入反应釜中,在常温下搅拌0.5-1小时,充分混合;
(2)B组分的制备:将聚合二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯称量备用。
9.一种权利要求1-7任一所述的高阻燃热水器水箱用组合聚醚的应用,其特征在于:使用时,将A组分与B组分按A:B=1:1.2-1.3的重量比通过高压发泡机均匀混合注入模具中,生产出高阻燃热水器水箱。
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