CN108101612A - A kind of special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube and its preparation and method of administration - Google Patents
A kind of special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube and its preparation and method of administration Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
The invention belongs to agricultural fertilizer fields, and in particular to a kind of special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube and its preparation and method of administration.The special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube of the present invention presses mass volume ratio 100 by Chicken dung, antimicrobial composition bacterium solution and sodium selenite solution：10~20：15~20 compositions.By the biological organic fertilizer of the present invention of one-time use before rudiment winter-jujube fruit Se content can be made to reach 40~50 μ g/kg, met《Selenium in food tolerance limit》(GB13105-1991) to the requirement of fruit selenium content.It is with strong points and due to the use of winter jujube special microorganism composite bacterial solution, yield of winter jujubes can be significantly improved and improve fruit quality, so that it is guaranteed that the sustainable and healthy development of high-quality selenium-rich winter jujube production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural fertilizer fields, and in particular to a kind of special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube and its prepare with applying
Use method.
Background technology
Winter jujube is a kind of distinctive high-quality Zizyphus jujuba Mill kind in China, is favored by people when its is full of nutrition, in good taste.
Its fruit selenium-rich is made by the application of external source selenium, then human immunological competence is remarkably improved after being absorbed by the body by food chain,
Achieve the purpose that anticancer health care.Since human body is relatively narrow to the range of needs of selenium, excessively intake would potentially result in being poisoned, amount too it is small again
The health care effect of selenium can not be played, therefore fruit selenium content should be strictly controlled in selenium-rich winter jujube production process.
In selenium-rich Fruits production, common measure is soil spraying selenium and Foliar application of selenium.Soil spraying selenium can be with phase of applying fertilizer
It is more convenient during with reference to, application, but selenium, easily by soil fixing, mobility is deteriorated, and only some selenium can be absorbed by root system
It is transported to after into tree body in fruit, therefore generally requires multiple applications.Amount of application during soil spraying selenium is difficult to control, the amount of applying mistake
It is more, phenomena such as injury of the selenium to tree body can be caused, be mainly shown as dead leaf, fallen leaves and shedding, it is particularly fruit selenium-rich amount mistake
When big easily when edible to human body generation toxic action.And if amount of application is very few, the purpose of winter jujube selenium-rich is just not achieved.Such as
Fruit reduces the additive amount of sodium selenite when producing biological organic fertilizer, then uses the multiple applications within winter jujube breeding time, though
So can be to avoid injury of the selenium to tree body and fruit, but multiple applications can cause organic fertilizer excessive, easily lose soil nutrient
Balance, and multiple applications add man power and material's input.
The content of the invention
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube and its preparations and application
Method.The special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube of the present invention can disposably improve Se content in winter jujube, and content is moderate.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme：
A kind of special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube, by Chicken dung, antimicrobial composition bacterium solution and sodium selenite solution
By mass volume ratio 100：10~20：15~20 compositions.
Further, the special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of the winter jujube is by Chicken dung, antimicrobial composition bacterium solution and selenous acid
Sodium solution presses mass volume ratio 100：15：20 compositions.
Further, the sodium selenite solution concentration is 2g/L.
Further, the antimicrobial composition bacterium solution by winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae and is done
Three kinds of bacterium solution compositions of Lactobacillus casei；The winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae and cheese lactic acid bar
The ratio between cfu of bacterium bacterium solution is 7:3~4:1~2, microbial composite bacterium solution ＞ containing viable count 3 × 108cfu/mL。
A kind of preparation method of the special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube, is divided into following steps：
(1) preparation of Chicken dung：By chicken manure composting 5~7 days, carry out turning over for the first time when heap temperature is maintained at 50 DEG C or more
Heap；Hereafter when windrow maximum temperature is not more than 45 DEG C, windrow heap is come for the turning when heap temperature rises to 50 DEG C or more,
Natural air drying after stacking 1 month is stood, crushed 2mm sieves, it is spare；
(2) preparation of microbial inoculum；
(3) sodium selenite solution is uniformly mixed respectively with microbial inoculum.Chicken dung is uniformly sprayed on sprayer
In to get.
A kind of method of administration of the special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube, is applied, every plant of 3~5kg of dosage before winter jujube rudiment.
Further, applied before winter jujube rudiment, every plant of dosage 4kg.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention provides one kind to improve the winter by soil spraying selenium and quick, efficient
The special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube of date fruit Se content is remarkably improved the commodity value and economic benefit of winter jujube.Pass through
One-time use can make winter-jujube fruit Se content reach 40~50 μ g/kg before rudiment, meet《Selenium in food limitation health mark
It is accurate》(GB13105-1991) to the requirement of fruit selenium content.And due to the use of winter jujube special microorganism composite bacterial solution, pin
It is strong to property, yield of winter jujubes can be significantly improved and improve fruit quality, so that it is guaranteed that the sustainable health of high-quality selenium-rich winter jujube production
Development.
Specific embodiment
It is noted that described further below be all exemplary, it is intended to provide further instruction to the present invention.It is unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with general technical staff of the technical field of the invention
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to exemplary embodiments of the present invention.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singulative
It is also intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " bag
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, component and/or combination thereof.
In order to solve the problems, such as described in background technology, the present invention provides a kind of special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube,
By Chicken dung, antimicrobial composition bacterium solution and sodium selenite solution press mass volume ratio 100：10~20：15~20 compositions.
In this ratio range, it can both ensure disposably to improve the content of selenium in winter jujube, and content is moderate；And also assure winter jujube fruit
Product quality.
Further, the special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of the winter jujube is by Chicken dung, antimicrobial composition bacterium solution and selenous acid
Sodium solution presses mass volume ratio 100：15：20 compositions.This proportioning can reach optimal winter jujube selenium-rich effect.
Further, the sodium selenite solution concentration is 2g/L.Invention technician has found, in Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer
If middle Se content is excessively high, the growth of microorganism in organic fertilizer can be inhibited, invention technician is final true by many experiments
It is fixed that concentration is pressed 15~20 for 2g/L sodium selenite solutions and antimicrobial composition bacterium solution:When 10~20 ratios mix, can both it protect
The good growth of microorganism in biological organic fertilizer is demonstrate,proved, microorganism can promote absorption of the winter jujube root system to selenium again in organic fertilizer；Again
It ensure that the content of selenium in winter jujube after applying fertilizer.
Further, the antimicrobial composition bacterium solution by winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae and is done
Three kinds of bacterium solution compositions of Lactobacillus casei；The winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae and cheese lactic acid bar
The ratio between cfu of bacterium bacterium solution is 7:3~4:1~2, microbial composite bacterium solution ＞ containing viable count 3 × 108cfu/mL.When winter jujube root
After border growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae and Lactobacillus casei bacterium solution mix in a ratio, can effectively it promote
Absorption into winter jujube root system to selenium, so as to ensure that the disposable content for improving selenium in winter jujube.
A kind of preparation method of the special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube, is divided into following steps：
(1) preparation of Chicken dung：By chicken manure composting 5-7 days, carry out turning over for the first time when heap temperature is maintained at 50 DEG C or more
Heap；Hereafter when windrow maximum temperature is not more than 45 DEG C, windrow heap is come for the turning when heap temperature rises to 50 DEG C or more,
Natural air drying after stacking 1 month is stood, crushed 2mm sieves, it is spare；
(2) preparation of microbial inoculum；The preparation method of the microbial inoculum, in patent CN201210501532.4
The preparation method of microbial inoculum is similar, the difference is that winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis in the application antimicrobial composition bacterium solution
The ratio between cfu of bacterium DZ1, S. cervisiae and Lactobacillus casei bacterium solution is 7:3~4:1~2；
(3) sodium selenite solution with microbial inoculum is uniformly mixed respectively, Chicken dung is uniformly sprayed on sprayer
In to get.
A kind of method of administration of the special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube, is applied, every plant of 3~5kg of dosage before winter jujube rudiment.
During applying fertilizer to winter jujube, if fertilising is very few, it can not disposably ensure winter jujube richness there are one suitable dose
Selenium need to repeatedly apply fertilizer, considerably increase the amount of labour；It if overfertilization, can not only increase cost, but also also result in winter jujube quality
Decline.Every plant of 3~5kg of dosage can obviously improve winter jujube quality, it is ensured that selenium-rich content in winter jujube.
Further, applied before winter jujube rudiment, every plant of dosage 4kg.
In order to enable those skilled in the art can clearly understand technical scheme, below with reference to tool
The embodiment of the body technical solution that the present invention will be described in detail.
Embodiment
1st, influence of the sodium selenite dosage to micro organism quantity
1.1 materials and methods
1.1.1 test site and material
It tests and is carried out in September, 2015 in laboratory of Shandong Forest Science Academy.Selenium preparation used in experiment is analysis
Pure sodium selenite will analyze pure sodium selenite reagent and be made into 2g/L solution, is stored in spare in plastic barrel before experiment.It is all organic
Fertilizer is Chicken dung and speck bacterium solution is project team's self-control, and production method is as follows：
(1) Chicken dung
This fertilizer selects chicken manure to be carried out as organic material using the decomposition mode for regular turning of passively divulging information at fermentation
Reason, method are as follows：By chicken manure composting 5-7 days, the first time turning when heap temperature is maintained at 50 DEG C or more.Hereafter whenever heap temperature rises to
When high temperature (less than 45 DEG C) no longer occurs in windrow, windrow heap is come, is stood after stacking 1 month for turning at 50 DEG C or more
Natural air drying crushed 2mm sieves, spare.
(2) microbial inoculum
Microorganism used therefor composite bacterial solution includes winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae, cheese lactic acid
Bacillus.The preparation method of the microbial inoculum, with the preparation method phase of microbial inoculum in patent CN201210501532.4
Seemingly, winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae and cheese in the application antimicrobial composition bacterium solution unlike
The ratio between cfu of Bacillus acidi lactici bacterium solution is 7:3~4:1~2.Winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1 in bacterium solution is from the winter
The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) filtered out in jujube rhizosphere soil, has also obtained patent for invention (201110376966.1).
1.1.2 test method
Sodium selenite solution (2g/L) additive amount of 8 different levels is set altogether, is respectively 0,5,10,15,20,25,30
And 25mL.After the sodium selenite solution of different amounts is uniformly mixed respectively with 15mL microbial inoculums, uniformly added with sprayer
Enter in 100g Chicken dungs, be put into sealed plastic bag, measure micro organism quantity therein afterwards for 24 hours.
1.2 result of the test
Experimental result is as shown in table 1：
Influence of the 1 different amounts sodium selenite solution of table to micro organism quantity
Note:Different letters represent significant difference (P after same column of figure<0.05).
As can be seen from Table 1, different sodium selenite additive amounts generate significantly the micro organism quantity in biological organic fertilizer
Influence.Between 5~25mL trets, the micro organism quantity in fertilizer does not have significant change, is maintained at opposite maintenance level, with
The control for being not added with selenium element processing is not significantly different.And when additive amount is 30mL and 35mL, micro organism quantity occurs significantly
It reduces, is remarkably decreased.The result shows that after 2g/L sodium selenites >=30mL is added the microorganism in bio-fertilizer can be caused to make
Into mortality, additive amount≤25mL is that comparison is safe, will not bring adverse effect to wherein microorganism.The technology of the present invention people
Member in pre-stage test it has also been found that, winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1 in antimicrobial composition bacterium solution, S. cervisiae and
If Lactobacillus casei bacterium solution is 10 by the ratio between cfu:1~2:2~3 are mixed, then 2g/L sodium selenite solutions additive amount is
During 15mL, micro organism quantity is 2.3 × 107A/g, compared with the control group, micro organism quantity declines to a great extent, and illustrates that microorganism is matched somebody with somebody
It is also different to the tolerance degree of Se content than difference.
Influence of the 2 sodium selenite additions to winter jujube selenium-rich
2.1 materials and methods
2.1.1 test site and material
It tests and is carried out in the 4-10 months in 2016 in Feng Jia towns Li Jia villages of Shandong Province Accessories during Binzhou Zhanhua area.Soil types is salinization
Moisture soil.Material is tried to grow 12 years raw winter jujubes similar in just normal ﹑ growing ways, stock is wild jujube, and seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 2.0m, the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground with
It is respectively 7.82cm and 2.56m to set high average value.It is standby to be made into 2g/L solution to analyze pure sodium selenite reagent in advance for selenium fertilizer used
With.Microorganism used therefor composite bacterial solution includes winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae, Lactobacillus casei.
The preparation method of the microbial inoculum, it is similar with the preparation method of microbial inoculum in patent CN201210501532.4, no
Same is winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae and cheese lactic acid in the application antimicrobial composition bacterium solution
The ratio between cfu of bacillus bacterium solution is 7:3~4:1~2.Winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1 in bacterium solution is from winter jujube root
The plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) filtered out in the soil of border, has also obtained patent for invention (201110376966.1).
2.1.2 test method
By different sodium selenite solutions (2g/L) dosage (by every 100g chicken manures add 0 respectively, 5,10,15,20,25mL
Ratio) respectively 6 kinds of selenium-rich lifes are fabricated to (in per 100g chicken manures addition 15mL ratios) with Chicken dung and antimicrobial composition bacterium solution
Object fertilizer, number are respectively M0, M5, M10, M15, M20 and M25.Winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting withered grass bud in the antimicrobial composition bacterium solution
The ratio between cfu of spore bacillus DZ1, S. cervisiae and Lactobacillus casei bacterium solution is 7:3.5:1.5.
Simultaneously in order to verify influence of the antimicrobial composition bacterium solution to winter jujube selenium-rich, by winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis
The ratio between cfu of DZ1, S. cervisiae and Lactobacillus casei bacterium solution is 10:1.5:2.5 antimicrobial composition bacterium solution 15mL with
The Chicken dung and 20mL concentration of 100g is mixed and made into Se-enriched bio fertilizer, number MT for 2g/L sodium selenite solutions.
Before winter jujube rudiment (by the end of March), this 7 kinds of bio-fertilizers are applied to winter jujube fruit tree respectively, 10 plants of each fertilizer application,
Every plant of dosage is respectively 4kg respectively.In winter jujube harvest time (early October) picking fruit, Se content therein is measured respectively.Selenium
The measure of content uses《GB 5009.93-2016》Specified in method carry out.
2.2 result of the test
Result of the test is as shown in table 2.
Influence of 2 different fertilizer of table to winter jujube selenium-rich
Note:Different letters represent significant difference (P after same column of figure<0.05)
There is significant difference in the winter jujube selenium content of different Se-enriched bio fertilizer processing it can be seen from 2 result of the test of table.With Asia
The increase of sodium selenate amount of application, winter jujube selenium content increase, and show preferable selenium-rich effect.《Selenium in food limitation is defended
Raw standard》(GB13105-1991), it is specified that the safety requirements of fruit selenium content is no greater than 50 μ g/g in.According to this state
Family's standard, winter jujube selenium content has been more than standard requirement after the M25 fertilizer applications in this research.To ensure winter jujube edible safety, M15
It is preferable with M20 fertilizer application effects, 40~50 μ g/g are in using the selenium content of rear winter jujube, winter jujube can be greatly improved containing selenium
Amount, and comply with the national standard requirements.Winter jujube selenium content is only 32 μ g/g in MT groups, hence it is evident that less than M25 groups, it can be seen that, micro- life
Influence of the object composite bacterial solution to winter jujube selenium-rich also has a significant impact.
Therefore, this result of the test shows raw material proportioning (Chicken dung：Composite bacterial solution：2g/L sodium selenite solutions) be
100：15：It is more satisfactory for winter jujube selenium-rich when 15~20, wherein optimal proportion is 100：15：20.
Influence of the 3 Se-enriched bio fertilizer different administration amounts to winter jujube selenium content, yield and fruit quality
3.1 materials and methods
3.1.1 test site and material
It tests and is carried out in the 4-10 months in 2016 in Feng Jia towns Li Jia villages of Shandong Province Accessories during Binzhou Zhanhua area.Soil types is salinization
Moisture soil.Material is tried to grow 12 years raw winter jujubes similar in just normal ﹑ growing ways, stock is wild jujube, and seeding row spacing is 1.5m × 2.0m.Selenium used
Fertilizer is made into 2g/L solution in advance to analyze pure sodium selenite reagent.Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer used is by Chicken dung, microbial bacteria
Liquid and sodium selenite solution press suitable proportion (100：15：20) it is made.
3.1.2 test method
This experiment sets the processing of 6 different administration amounts altogether, be respectively 1,2,3,4,5,6kg/ plants, with the place of non-organic fertilizer
It manages as control.Se-enriched bio fertilizer is imposed on into winter jujube fruit tree by different amounts (by the end of March) before winter jujube rudiment, often handles 10 plants of fruits
Tree.In winter jujube harvest time (early October) picking fruit, record every plant of yield, measure respectively Se content and total reducing sugar therein,
The index of quality such as vitamin C, general flavone, acidity.
In winter jujube the measure of total reducing sugar according to《GB/T 10782-2006》In defined method carry out；Vitamin C content
It measures and uses《GB 5009.86-2016》Specified in method carry out；The measure of total acid uses《GB/T 12456-2008》Middle rule
Fixed method carries out；The measure of general flavone content uses《The measure (2003) of total flavonoids in health food》In method carry out；
The measure of Se content uses《GB 5009.93-2016》Specified in method carry out.
3.2 result of the test
3.2.1 influence of the Se-enriched bio fertilizer different administration amount to winter jujube selenium content and yield
Result of the test shows that different administration amount generates winter-jujube fruit selenium content and yield using after Se-enriched bio fertilizer
Significantly affect effect (table 3).When amount of application is at 3~5kg/ plants, winter jujube selenium content is relatively high, in 40~50 μ g/g it
Between, meet national standard《Selenium in food tolerance limit》(GB13105-1991) to the requirement of fruit selenium content, wherein with
Jujube fruit selenium content highest when amount of application is 4kg/ plants.During dose excessive (6kg/ plants), nutrient imbalance in soil can be caused, is influenced
To the absorption function of winter jujube root system, it is unfavorable for winter jujube selenium-rich instead.
As can be seen from Table 3, with the increase of amount of application, yield of winter jujubes shows the trend fallen after rising.When applying
When dosage is 4kg/ plant, yield reaches highest, with amount of application between 3kg/ plants and 5kg/ plants of processing without significant difference,
Preferable effect of increasing production is shown, amount of increase in production is 14.5%~17.4%.
Influence of the 3 difference amount of applying of table to winter jujube selenium-rich and yield
Note:Different letters represent significant difference (P after same column of figure<0.05).
3.2.2 influence of the Se-enriched bio fertilizer different administration amount to winter jujube quality
Analysis result can be seen that using total reducing sugar, the vitamin significantly increased after Se-enriched bio fertilizer in winter jujube from table 4
C and general flavone content, reduce total acid content, hence it is evident that improve winter jujube quality.When amount of application is 3~5kg/ plants, winter jujube
Total reducing sugar, vitamin C and general flavone content are relatively high, and total acid is significantly reduced, and do not have significant difference between three processing,
Show preferable application effect.In contrast, winter jujube performance optimal when amount of application is 4kg/ plants.(6kg/ when amount of application is larger
Strain) when winter jujube quality be decreased obviously instead.
Influence of the 4 difference amount of applying of table to winter jujube quality
Note:Different letters represent significant difference (P after same column of figure<0.05).
Claims (7)
1. a kind of special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube, which is characterized in that by Chicken dung, antimicrobial composition bacterium solution and sub- selenium
Acid sodium solution presses mass volume ratio 100：10~20：15~20 compositions.
2. the special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by Chicken dung, microorganism group
It closes bacterium solution and sodium selenite solution presses mass volume ratio 100：15：20 compositions.
3. the special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the sodium selenite solution concentration
For 2g/L.
4. the special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the antimicrobial composition bacterium solution by
Three kinds of winter jujube rhizosphere growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae and Lactobacillus casei bacterium solution compositions；The winter jujube rhizosphere
The ratio between cfu of growth-promoting bacillus subtilis DZ1, S. cervisiae and Lactobacillus casei bacterium solution is 7:3~4:1~2, microorganism
Composition bacterium solution ＞ containing viable count 3 × 108cfu/mL。
5. according to the preparation method of any special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube of Claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that point
For following steps：
(1) preparation of Chicken dung：By chicken manure composting 5-7 days, first time turning is carried out when heap temperature is maintained at 50 DEG C or more；This
When windrow maximum temperature is not more than 45 DEG C, windrow heap is come, stands heap for the turning when heap temperature rises to 50 DEG C or more afterwards
Natural air drying after putting 1 month crushed 2mm sieves, spare；
(2) preparation of microbial inoculum；
(3) sodium selenite solution with microbial inoculum is uniformly mixed respectively, is uniformly sprayed on sprayer in Chicken dung, i.e.,
.
6. according to the method for administration of any special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube of Claims 1 to 4, which is characterized in that
Winter jujube is applied before sprouting bud, every plant of 3~5kg of dosage.
7. the special Se-enriched bio-organic fertilizer of winter jujube according to claim 6, which is characterized in that applied before winter jujube rudiment, often
Strain dosage 4kg.
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