CN108101542A - 一种SiC泡沫及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种SiC泡沫及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108101542A
CN108101542A CN201711283318.5A CN201711283318A CN108101542A CN 108101542 A CN108101542 A CN 108101542A CN 201711283318 A CN201711283318 A CN 201711283318A CN 108101542 A CN108101542 A CN 108101542A
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李斌斌
袁小森
廖家豪
陈照峰
毛帮笑
黄海泉
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Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种SiC泡沫及其制备方法。将去灰分的活性炭与SiC微粉、PCS粉末、催化剂混合研磨,溶解于溶剂中,制备浆料;将浆料烘干后研磨均匀放置于模具中,制备SiC泡沫胚体;将胚体放入真空管式炉中在惰性气体保护下升温至1400‑1500 ℃,保温4‑5 h,随炉冷却至500 ℃‑600 ℃;通入氧气,氧化去除活性炭,冷却至室温得到SiC纳米线和SiC微粉组成的SiC泡沫。本发明通过在纳米级SiC微粉之间原位生长SiC纳米线,SiC纳米线将SiC微粉缠绕,串联一起,形成了SiC泡沫,提高了SiC泡沫的强度和孔隙率,推动了SiC纳米线及SiC泡沫的广泛应用前景。

Description

一种SiC泡沫及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种泡沫及其制备方法,特别涉及一种SiC泡沫及其制备方法。
背景技术
由SiC纳米线和SiC微粉组成的SiC泡沫具有高气孔率,连通的纳米孔,保留了一维纳米材料和纳米颗粒材料特殊的电学、光学和力学性能。在分离、超滤、光电子工业、复合材料等领域有广阔的应用前景。
文献Li, GY.; Ma, J.; Peng, G, et al. Room-temperature humidity-sensing performance of SiC nanopaper[J]. Acs Applied Materials & Interfaces,2014, 6(24): 22673-22679.采用丙酮压缩的方法制备了可用于感应湿度变化的SiC纳米纸,他们的研究表明了SiC纳米线材料在电学领域等方面的应用潜力,但这种制备碳化硅纳米线纸的方法为两步法,采用该方法制备纳米材料是将纳米线配制成悬浮液进行抽滤或者将大量纳米线使用外力压制而成。中国专利CN106185946A,2016.以甲基三甲氧基硅烷和二甲基二甲氧基硅烷为原料,硝酸作为交联剂和催化剂,通过在1320-1500 ℃石磨基体上生长及剥离制备了碳化硅纳米纸,此种方法剥离较为困难,得到的仅为二维方向的纸张材料,仍没有得到三维方向上的结构,限制了SiC纳米线材料的应用。中国专利CN103724046B,2016.以三甲基氯硅烷为源气,采用CVD化学气相沉积法在聚氨酯泡沫热解得到的碳泡沫表面沉积一层SiC基体之后在表面沉积一层SiC涂层,得到以碳泡沫为基底的SiC泡沫,该方法得到的SiC泡沫以碳泡棉为基体,不能耐受高温。
发明内容
为克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷,本发明的目的在于提供一种SiC泡沫及其制备方法,所述SiC泡沫具有三维立体结构,纳米线细长,耐高温的特点,且制备工艺简单、易操作。
本发明目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种SiC泡沫,所述SiC泡沫由SiC纳米线与SiC微粉组成;所述SiC纳米线通过原位生长将SiC微粉包裹,串联在一起,形成多孔的SiC泡沫;所述SiC纳米线的平均直径为30-100nm,平均长度为1-10 mm;所述SiC微粉的平均粒径为40 nm。
一种SiC泡沫的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将活性炭灰分处理后备用;
(2)将步骤(1)中活性炭与聚碳硅烷、SiC微粉以质量比5: (2-4) : (2-4) 混合,研磨成均匀粉末;将所得粉末以比例5 g: (5-10) mL溶解于溶剂中,震荡搅拌制备成均匀浆料;将浆料放置于模具中烘干备用;
(3)将步骤(2)中烘干的浆料及模具放置于管式炉中,在惰性气体保护下以4-5 ℃/min的速率升温至1400-1500 ℃,保温3-4 h,随炉冷却至500-600 ℃保温;
(4)向步骤(3)管式炉中通入氧气,氧化去除活性炭,随炉冷却至室温得到SiC泡沫。
所述步骤(1)中活性炭灰分处理方法为:将活性炭通过蒸馏水煮沸2-3 h,取出;放入1%HF中循环酸洗5-7 h;取出后在蒸馏水中煮沸2-4 h,80-100 ℃烘干。
所述步骤(2)中溶剂选自正庚烷,正己烷或石油醚。
所述步骤(2)中浆料磨具可以是方形、球形、长方形或菱形。
所述步骤(2)中浆料烘干温度为80-100 ℃。
所述步骤(3)中惰性气体可以是氮气或氩气。
所述步骤(4)中氧化时间为0.1-1 h,通入氧气速度为30 sccm。
本发明的有益效果在于:
(1)SiC泡沫制备方法简单、易操作,可以制备复杂三维立体结构的SiC泡沫;
(2)SiC泡沫通过微粉之间原位生长SiC纳米线,SiC纳米线将SiC微粉缠绕,串联一起,形成,得到SiC泡沫纳米线长度较长、直径较细,附图1、2为SiC泡沫微观结构图,碳化硅纳米线平均直径为30-100 nm,平均长度为1-10mm。
附图说明
图1、2为SiC泡沫的扫描图片,SiC泡沫微观结构中SiC纳米线穿过或包裹SiC微粉组成SiC泡沫;
图3为活性炭和SiC的热重图谱,图中活性炭在550 ℃左右开始氧化失重,SiC纳米线在800 ℃左右开始增重,因此除活性炭的氧化温度对于SiC纳米线和微粉没有影响;
图4为SiC泡沫的XRD图谱,图谱表明所制备的SiC泡沫为结晶良好的β-SiC。
具体实施方式
现在结合具体实施例及附图,进一步阐明本发明,应理解这些事例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围,在阅读了本发明之后,本领域技术人员对于本发明的各种等价形式的修改均落于本申请所附权利要求所限定。
实施例1
(1)活性炭除灰分处理:将活性炭通过蒸馏水煮沸2 h,取出;将取出的活性炭放入1%HF中循环酸洗5 h;取出后在蒸馏水中煮沸2 h,90 ℃烘干备用;
(2)将活性炭与聚碳硅烷,SiC微粉以比例5 g: 3g: 3g混合,研磨成均匀粉末;将所得粉末以比例5 g: 10 mL溶解于正庚烷中,震荡搅拌20 min,制备成均匀浆料;将浆料放置于方形石墨模具中90 ℃烘干备用;
(3)将步骤(2)中烘干的浆料及模具放置于管式炉中,在氮气保护下以5 ℃/min的速率升温至1400 ℃,保温3 h,随炉冷却至500 ℃保持;
(4) 向步骤(3)管式炉中以30 sccm的流量通入氧气,氧化0.1 h,氧化去除活性炭,随炉冷却至室温得到 SiC泡沫。
对本实施例制备的SiC泡沫进行微观结构扫描分析,图1、2为SiC微观结构图,SiC纳米线的平均直径为30-100 nm,平均长度为1-10 mm;图3为活性炭和SiC的热重图谱,图中活性炭在550 ℃左右开始氧化失重,SiC纳米线在800 ℃左右开始增重,因此除活性炭的氧化温度对于SiC纳米线和微粉没有影响;图4为SiC泡沫的XRD图谱,图谱表明所制备的SiC泡沫为结晶良好的β-SiC。
实施例2
(1)活性炭除灰分处理:将活性炭通过蒸馏水煮沸3 h,取出;将取出的活性炭放入1%HF中循环酸洗7 h;取出后在蒸馏水中煮沸3 h,80 ℃烘干备用;
(2)将活性炭与聚碳硅烷,SiC微粉以比例5 g: 4 g: 4g混合,研磨成均匀粉末;将所得粉末以比例5 g: 7 mL溶解于正庚烷中,震荡搅拌40 min,制备成均匀浆料;将浆料放置于长方形石墨模具中80 ℃烘干备用;
(3) 将步骤2中烘干的浆料及模具放置于管式炉中,在氮气保护下以4 ℃/min的速率升温至1500 ℃,保温3.5 h,随炉冷却至500 ℃保持;
(4) 向步骤3管式炉中以30 sccm的流量通入氧气,氧化1 h,氧化去除活性炭,随炉冷却至室温得到 SiC泡沫。
实施例3
(1)活性炭除灰分处理:将活性炭通过蒸馏水煮沸2.5 h,取出;将取出的活性炭放入1%HF中循环酸洗6 h;取出后在蒸馏水中煮沸4 h,85 ℃烘干备用;
(2)将的活性炭与聚碳硅烷,SiC微粉以比例5 g: 2 g: 2 g混合,研磨成均匀粉末;将所得粉末以比例5 g: 5 mL溶解于正己烷,震荡搅拌30 min,制备成均匀浆料;将浆料放置于球形石墨模具中100 ℃烘干备用;
(3) 将步骤2中烘干的浆料及模具放置于管式炉中,在氮气保护下以4.5 ℃/min的速率升温至1450 ℃,保温4 h,随炉冷却至600 ℃保持;
(4) 向步骤3管式炉中以30 sccm的流量通入氧气,氧化1 h,氧化去除活性炭,随炉冷却至室温得到 SiC泡沫。
实施例4
(1)活性炭除灰分处理:将活性炭通过蒸馏水煮沸2 h,取出;将取出的活性炭放入1%HF中循环酸洗5 h;取出后在蒸馏水中煮沸2 h,100 ℃烘干备用;
(2)将活性炭与聚碳硅烷,SiC微粉以比例5 g: 4 g: 2 g混合,研磨成均匀粉末;将所得粉末以比例5 g: 10 mL溶解于环己烷中,震荡搅拌20 min,制备成均匀浆料;将浆料放置于菱形石墨模具中90 ℃烘干备用;
(3) 将步骤2中烘干的浆料及模具放置于管式炉中,在氮气保护下以5 ℃/min的速率升温至1500 ℃,保温4 h,随炉冷却至550 ℃保持;
(4) 向步骤3管式炉中以30 sccm的流量通入氧气,氧化0.5 h,氧化去除活性炭,随炉冷却至室温得到 SiC泡沫。
实施例5
(1)活性炭除灰分处理:将活性炭通过蒸馏水煮沸2 h,取出;将取出的活性炭放入1%HF中循环酸洗5 h;取出后在蒸馏水中煮沸2 h,90 ℃烘干备用;
(2)将活性炭与聚碳硅烷,SiC微粉以比例5 g: 2 g: 4 g混合,研磨成均匀粉末;将所得粉末以比例5 g: 7 mL溶解于石油醚中,震荡搅拌50 min,制备成均匀浆料;将浆料放置于方形石墨模具中90 ℃烘干备用;
(3) 将步骤2中烘干的浆料及模具放置于管式炉中,在氮气保护下以5 ℃/min的速率升温至1500 ℃,保温4 h,随炉冷却至550 ℃保持;
(4) 向步骤3管式炉中以30 sccm的流量通入氧气,氧化1 h,氧化去除活性炭,随炉冷却至室温得到 SiC泡沫。

Claims (8)

1.一种SiC泡沫,其特征在于,所述SiC泡沫由SiC纳米线与SiC微粉组成;所述SiC纳米线通过原位生长将SiC微粉包裹,串联在一起,形成多孔的SiC泡沫;所述SiC纳米线的平均直径为30-100 nm,平均长度为1-10mm;所述SiC微粉的平均粒径为40 nm。
2.一种SiC泡沫的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)将活性炭灰分处理后备用;
(2)将步骤(1)中活性炭与聚碳硅烷、SiC微粉以质量比5 : (2-4) : (2-4) 混合,研磨成均匀粉末;将所得粉末以比例5 g: (5-10) mL溶解于溶剂中,震荡搅拌制备成均匀浆料;将浆料放置于模具中烘干备用;
(3)将步骤(2)中烘干的浆料及模具放置于管式炉中,在惰性气体保护下以4-5 ℃/min的速率升温至1400-1500 ℃,保温3-4 h,随炉冷却至500-600 ℃保温;
(4)向步骤(3)管式炉中通入氧气,氧化去除活性炭,随炉冷却至室温得到SiC泡沫。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种SiC泡沫的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)活性炭灰分处理方法为:将活性炭通过蒸馏水煮沸2-3 h;取出放入1%HF中循环酸洗5-7 h;取出后在蒸馏水中煮沸2-4 h,80-100 ℃烘干。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述一种SiC泡沫的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中溶剂选自正庚烷,正己烷或石油醚。
5.根据权利要求2或3所述一种SiC泡沫的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)2中浆料磨具可以是方形、球形、长方形或菱形。
6.根据权利要求2或3所述一种SiC泡沫的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中浆料烘干温度为80-100 ℃。
7.根据权利要求2所述一种SiC泡沫的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中惰性气体可以是氮气或氩气。
8.根据权利要求2或3所述一种SiC泡沫的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中氧化时间为0.1-1 h,通入氧气速度为30 sccm。
CN201711283318.5A 2017-12-07 2017-12-07 一种SiC泡沫及其制备方法 Pending CN108101542A (zh)

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CN114105537B (zh) * 2021-11-29 2022-06-21 湖北工业大学 一种采用湿磨发泡制备铜尾矿泡沫混凝土的方法

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