CN108093741A - Balsam pear implantation methods - Google Patents
Balsam pear implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN108093741A CN108093741A CN201711376237.XA CN201711376237A CN108093741A CN 108093741 A CN108093741 A CN 108093741A CN 201711376237 A CN201711376237 A CN 201711376237A CN 108093741 A CN108093741 A CN 108093741A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of balsam pear implantation methods, are related to balsam pear field of planting, which comprises the following steps：Seed of bitter gourd is put into alkaline aqueous solution and impregnates and cleans, is put into the clear water that temperature is 0~3 DEG C and impregnates 0.5~2h；Seed is put into the seed-soaking liquid that temperature is 50~70 DEG C and impregnates 3~7h, it is sterilized after naturally dry, when vernalization is to seed bud length to 0.3~0.7cm, under conditions of temperature is 20~25 DEG C after 3~7d of Seeded growth, temperature is reduced to 15~20 DEG C, and it is that 3~4 leaves are transplanted to spray 5~10d of growth inhibitor culture that mass fraction is 0.1~1.5% to seedling；Draws climing restocking after the climing elongation of seedling melon, wipes out the branch away from below ground 40cm, stays 2~5 main stems, and every main stem stays 1~4 lateral bine, and distance of the lateral bine root apart from main stem root is 45~65cm, is pinched when lateral bine grows to 60~80cm.The present invention can improve the germination percentage of balsam pear, improve the yield of balsam pear.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to balsam pear field of planting, in particular to a kind of balsam pear implantation methods.
Background technology
Balsam pear is a kind of important worldwide vegetable crop, is annual climbing up by holding on to property herbaceous plant, wide in China north and south various regions
General cultivation.A variety of nutriments, such as substantial amounts of vitamin C, amino acid, protein, cellulose, and energy are rich in balsam pear fruit
Enough physiological activators such as the polysaccharide of separation and Extraction, Charantin, saponin(e, flavones from balsam pear fruit, often eating can be with heat-clearing
Removing toxic substances, blood pressure lowering, anti-inflammatory, anticancer etc. can improve immunity of organisms.With the improvement of people ' s living standards with health care consciousness
Awakening, balsam pear have a extensive future as a kind of vegetables of integration of drinking and medicinal herbs, have critically important economy and social effect.Currently,
The production and processing of balsam pear rapidly develop, and balsam pear cultivated area also increases year by year.
Not hygroscopic since the kind shell of seed of bitter gourd is thicker when balsam pear is planted at present, generally use warm water scalds kind, seed
The mode of surface opening and presoaking and germinating promotes seed water suction to sprout, but whole germination percentage is still relatively low.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of balsam pear implantation methods, this method can improve for defect in the prior art
The germination percentage and yield of balsam pear.
To achieve these goals, a kind of balsam pear implantation methods provided by the invention, comprise the following steps：
S1, seed of bitter gourd is put into the alkaline aqueous solution that temperature is 30~35 DEG C, pH value is 8.3~9 impregnate 10~
15min is simultaneously cleaned, and is then placed in the clear water that temperature is 0~3 DEG C and is impregnated 0.5~2h；
The present invention is impregnated by alkaline aqueous solution, can not only remove the mucus on balsam pear surface, and can be by balsam pear kind
Shell softens so that and the cellulosic structure for planting shell becomes loose, meanwhile, by controlling pH value and soaking time, avoid alkali
Property solution penetrate into inside kind of shell, avoid damage to the structures such as plumule, keep the integrality of seed, and in the prior art in the surface of the seed
Opening only carries out small range destruction to the local of kind of shell, and the absorbent properties of kind shell entirety are still poor, the loose fibre of the present invention
Dimension structure water imbibition significantly improves, and can effectively improve germination percentage.
S2, seed is put into the seed-soaking liquid that temperature is 50~70 DEG C and impregnates 3~7h, sterilized after naturally dry, then will
Seed after sterilization carries out vernalization,
Seed bud is cast to and nursery is carried out on seedling bed by S3 when seed bud length is to 0.3~0.7cm, is 20~25 DEG C in temperature
Under conditions of grow 3~7d, temperature is then reduced to 15~20 DEG C, and spray mass fraction be 0.1~1.5% growth press down
The quantity of 5~10d of preparation culture to seedling leaves is transplanted for 3~4 leaves；
It is set near S4, the seedling after transplanting and climbs rattan teapoy, climb the height of rattan teapoy as 1.5~1.8m, the climing elongation of seedling melon
The branch away from below ground 40cm is wiped out in draws climing restocking afterwards, stays 2~5 main stems；It pinches to main stem, every main stem stays 1~
4 lateral bines, distance of the lateral bine root apart from main stem root are 45~65cm, are pinched when lateral bine grows to 60~80cm,
Remove the blade apart from below ground 50cm in main stem.
Further, the step S1) in, in seed-soaking liquid, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide is 2~10%, the matter of potassium nitrate
It is 0.01~0.07% to measure fraction.
Potassium nitrate can increase the activity of alpha-amylase in seed, promote the progress of seed metabolism, and then promote kind
The sprouting of son, and hydrogen peroxide can release oxygen in soaking process, increase oxygen content in water body, avoid the seed after sprouting
Self-operation live anoxic, effectively facilitate sprout after seed normal growth.
Yet further, the step S2) in, the seed after sterilization carries out vernalization and is as follows：
Seed after sterilization is put into the germinator that temperature is 25~32 DEG C and carries out vernalization to the point that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；Wherein, vernalization
Agent is the graphene oxide that mass fraction is 0.001~0.01%.
Yet further, the germinator is the graphene oxide solution that mass fraction is 0.002~0.008%.
Germinator is the graphene oxide that mass fraction is 0.001~0.01%, in actual use, the quality of germinator
Fraction is set according to actual needs, and in the present embodiment, germinator is the graphene oxide that mass fraction is 0.007~0.009%.
Graphene oxide can improve the penetrability of kind of skin, and promote the expression of aquaporin, and then improve the germination percentage of seed, and
Graphene oxide can't enter in the inside cell of seed in itself, just with the strongly hydrophilic on its surface, by active moisture
Son is collected to the surface of seed, is realized the ultrafast transmission of water, is promoted the sprouting of seed.
Yet further, the step S4) in implementation process, sprayed every 3 days into soil mass fraction for 0.003~
0.005% graphene oxide solution is to fruiting.
Yet further, the S2) before seed is put into seed-soaking liquid, in the standardized opening of the surface of the seed.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention is by controlling the quantity of main stem and lateral bine, the position of lateral bine and length so that the equal energy of balsam pear on climing branch
Preferable nutrient is obtained, climing branch is avoided excessively to cause nutritional deficiency, improves the quality of single balsam pear, and then improves balsam pear entirety
Yield.
Specific embodiment
In order to preferably explain the present invention, below in conjunction with the specific embodiment main contents that the present invention is furture elucidated, but
Present disclosure is not limited solely to following embodiment.
Using the seed of bitter gourd of " evergreen balsam pear " kind as experimental subjects in following embodiment, used in every embodiment
Germinative seed quantity is 600.
Embodiment 1
S101, seed of bitter gourd is put into the alkaline aqueous solution that temperature is 30 DEG C, pH value is 9 and impregnates 10min and clean, put
Enter in the clear water that temperature is 3 DEG C and impregnate 2h.
S102, seed is put into the seed-soaking liquid that temperature is 50 DEG C and impregnates 7h, sterilized after naturally dry, by the kind after sterilization
Son is put into the germinator that temperature is 28 DEG C and carries out vernalization to the point that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and when seed bud length is to 0.4cm, moves on seedling bed and carries out
Nursery；Wherein, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide is 6%, and the mass fraction of potassium nitrate is 0.05%；Germinator is that mass fraction is
0.001% graphene oxide；
S103, after Seeded growth 3d, temperature is reduced to 15 DEG C under conditions of temperature is 20 DEG C, and sprays mass fraction
To seedling it is that 3 leaves are transplanted for 0.1% growth inhibitor culture 5d,.
After S104, transplanting, every 3 days graphene oxides that spray concentration is 0.003% into soil to fruiting；It is transplanting
Seedling afterwards nearby sets and climbs rattan teapoy, climbs the height of rattan teapoy as 1.5m, draws climing restocking after the climing elongation of seedling melon is wiped out away from ground
The branch of below 40cm stays 2 main stems, pinches to main stem, and every main stem stays 4 lateral bines, and the lateral bine root distance is main
The distance of climing root is 45cm, is pinched when lateral bine grows to 80cm, removes the blade apart from below ground 50cm in main stem.
In the present embodiment, the germination percentage of balsam pear is 85%, and the plant for surviving and growing accounts for the 83% of seed amount, final to receive
The balsam pear obtained is compared with the balsam pear of general planting (using identical kind), output increased more than 80%.
Embodiment 2
S201, seed of bitter gourd is put into the alkaline aqueous solution that temperature is 35 DEG C, pH value is 8.3 and impregnates 10min and clean,
It is put into the clear water that temperature is 0 DEG C and impregnates 2h.
S202, seed is put into the seed-soaking liquid that temperature is 70 DEG C and impregnates 3h, sterilized after naturally dry, by the kind after sterilization
Son is put into the germinator that temperature is 30 DEG C and carries out vernalization to the point that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and when seed bud length is to 0.5cm, moves on seedling bed and carries out
Nursery；Wherein, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide is 8%, and the mass fraction of potassium nitrate is 0.05%；Germinator is that mass fraction is
0.006% graphene oxide；
S203, after Seeded growth 6d, temperature is reduced to 18 DEG C, and spray concentration is under conditions of temperature is 23 DEG C
1.5% growth inhibitor culture 10d is transplanted to seedling for 4 leaves,.
After S204, transplanting, every 3 days graphene oxides that spray concentration is 0.004% into soil to fruiting；It is transplanting
Seedling afterwards nearby sets and climbs rattan teapoy, climbs the height of rattan teapoy as 1.7m, draws climing restocking after the climing elongation of seedling melon is wiped out away from ground
The branch of below 40cm stays 3 main stems, pinches to main stem, and every main stem stays 2 lateral bines, and the lateral bine root distance is main
The distance of climing root be 65cm, pinch when lateral bine grows to 70cm, as a result after, remove main stem on apart from below ground 50cm
Blade.
In the present embodiment, the germination percentage of balsam pear is 87%, and the plant for surviving and growing accounts for the 85% of seed amount, final to receive
The balsam pear obtained is compared with the balsam pear of general planting (using identical kind), output increased more than 85%.
Embodiment 3
S301, seed of bitter gourd is put into the alkaline aqueous solution that temperature is 32 DEG C, pH value is 8.5 and impregnates 13min and clean,
It is put into the clear water that temperature is 2 DEG C and impregnates 1h.
S302, seed is put into the seed-soaking liquid that temperature is 55 DEG C and impregnates 4h, sterilized after naturally dry, by the kind after sterilization
Son is put into the germinator that temperature is 30 DEG C and carries out vernalization to the point that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and when seed bud length is to 0.3~0.7cm, moves to seedling bed
Upper carry out nursery；Wherein, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide is 8%, and the mass fraction of potassium nitrate is 0.03%；Germinator is quality point
Number is 0.002% graphene oxide；
S303, after Seeded growth 5d, temperature is reduced to 18 DEG C, and spray concentration is under conditions of temperature is 22 DEG C
0.8% growth inhibitor culture 9d is transplanted to seedling for 3 leaves,.
After S304, transplanting, every 3 days graphene oxides that spray concentration is 0.004% into soil to fruiting；It is transplanting
Seedling afterwards nearby sets and climbs rattan teapoy, climbs the height of rattan teapoy as 1.7m, draws climing restocking after the climing elongation of seedling melon is wiped out away from ground
The branch of below 40cm stays 3 main stems, pinches to main stem, and every main stem stays 4 lateral bines, and the lateral bine root distance is main
The distance of climing root be 55cm, pinch when lateral bine grows to 68cm, as a result after, remove main stem on apart from below ground 50cm
Blade.
In the present embodiment, the germination percentage of balsam pear is 90%, and the plant for surviving and growing accounts for the 87% of seed amount, final to receive
The balsam pear obtained is compared with the balsam pear of general planting (using identical kind), output increased more than 87%.
Embodiment 4
S401, seed of bitter gourd is put into the alkaline aqueous solution that temperature is 34 DEG C, pH value is 8.8 and impregnates 13min and clean,
It is put into the clear water that temperature is 0 DEG C and impregnates 1.2h.
S402, seed is put into the seed-soaking liquid that temperature is 63 DEG C and impregnates 4.5h, sterilized after naturally dry, after sterilization
Seed is put into the germinator that temperature is 27 DEG C and carries out vernalization to the point that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and when seed bud length is to 0.55cm, moves on seedling bed
Carry out nursery；Wherein, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide is 6%, and the mass fraction of potassium nitrate is 0.03%；Germinator is mass fraction
For 0.008% graphene oxide；
S403, after Seeded growth 6d, temperature is reduced to 17 DEG C, and spray concentration is under conditions of temperature is 23 DEG C
1.7% growth inhibitor culture 6d is transplanted to seedling for 3 leaves,
After S404, transplanting, every 3 days graphene oxides that spray concentration is 0.004% into soil to fruiting；It is transplanting
Seedling afterwards nearby sets and climbs rattan teapoy, climbs the height of rattan teapoy as 1.5m, draws climing restocking after the climing elongation of seedling melon is wiped out away from ground
The branch of below 40cm stays 2 main stems, pinches to main stem, and every main stem stays 4 lateral bines, and the lateral bine root distance is main
The distance of climing root be 48cm, pinch when lateral bine grows to 69cm, as a result after, remove main stem on apart from below ground 50cm
Blade.
In the present embodiment, the germination percentage of balsam pear is 91%, and the plant for surviving and growing accounts for the 87% of seed amount, final to receive
The balsam pear obtained is compared with the balsam pear of general planting (using identical kind), output increased more than 95%.
Embodiment 5
S501, seed of bitter gourd is put into the alkaline aqueous solution that temperature is 34 DEG C, pH value is 8.6 and impregnates 15min and clean,
It is put into the clear water that temperature is 1 DEG C and impregnates 1.8h.
S502, seed is put into the seed-soaking liquid that temperature is 50~70 DEG C and impregnates 4.5h, sterilized, will sterilize after naturally dry
Seed afterwards is put into the germinator that temperature is 30 DEG C and carries out vernalization to the point that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally, and when seed bud length is to 0.6cm, moves to seedling bed
Upper carry out nursery；Wherein, the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide is 4%, and the mass fraction of potassium nitrate is 0.05%；Germinator is quality point
Number is 0.0055% graphene oxide；
S503, after Seeded growth 5d, temperature is reduced to 17 DEG C, and spray concentration is under conditions of temperature is 24 DEG C
0.6% growth inhibitor culture 7d is transplanted to seedling for 4 leaves, after S504, transplanting, is sprayed every 3 days into soil dense
The graphene oxide for 0.0035% is spent to fruiting；It is set near seedling after transplanting and climbs rattan teapoy, the height for climbing rattan teapoy is
1.5m, draws climing restocking after the climing elongation of seedling melon, wipes out the branch away from below ground 40cm, stays 3 main stems, main stem is beaten
Top, every main stem stay 3 lateral bines, and distance of the lateral bine root apart from main stem root is 65cm, when lateral bine grows to 80cm
Topping, as a result after, remove blade apart from below ground 50cm in main stem.
In the present embodiment, the germination percentage of balsam pear is 86%, and the plant for surviving and growing accounts for the 81% of seed amount, final to receive
The balsam pear obtained is compared with the balsam pear of general planting (using identical kind), output increased more than 83%.
Blank example 1
Selection full grains, undamaged seed are put into soaking sterilization in brine, and it is 60 DEG C clear that temperature is put into after cleaning
15min is impregnated in water, in the standardized opening of the surface of the seed after cleaning, is then placed in the clear water that temperature is 30 DEG C Steeping and budding to broken
In vain, the Seeded growth under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C.
It is set near seedling after transplanting and climbs rattan teapoy, the height of rattan teapoy is climbed as 1.5m, after the climing elongation of seedling melon in draws climing
Frame carries out conventional topping.
White seed amount, which is broken, in this blank example, after vernalization accounts for the 60% of all seed amounts, the plant for surviving and growing
Account for the 50% of seed amount.
Blank example 2
Full grains, undamaged seed is selected to be put into temperature as soaking sterilization in 80 DEG C of water, temperature is put into after cleaning
To impregnate 15min in 60 DEG C of clear water, in the standardized opening of the surface of the seed after cleaning, it is then placed in the clear water that temperature is 30 DEG C and soaks
Vernalization is steeped to broken white, the Seeded growth under conditions of temperature is 25 DEG C.
It is set near seedling after transplanting and climbs rattan teapoy, the height of rattan teapoy is climbed as 1.5m, after the climing elongation of seedling melon in draws climing
Frame carries out conventional topping.
White seed amount, which is broken, in this blank example, after vernalization accounts for the 50% of all seed amounts, the plant for surviving and growing
Account for the 50% of seed amount.
Comparative example 1
In the present embodiment, except alkaline solution immersion will be used to replace with directly in kind of a shell surface opening in step S101
Outside, remaining step and condition are same as Example 1.
In this comparative example, the germination percentage of balsam pear is 61%, and the plant for surviving and growing accounts for the 55% of seed amount, final to receive
The balsam pear obtained is compared with the balsam pear of blank example, output increased 40%.
Comparative example 2
Step and 1 step of embodiment in the present embodiment is essentially identical, the difference is that：
Step S102 and S104 are without using germinator and graphene oxide solution；
In this comparative example, the germination percentage of balsam pear is 30%, and the plant for surviving and growing accounts for the 55% of seed amount, final to receive
For the balsam pear obtained compared with the balsam pear of embodiment 1, yield reduces by 30%.
Other unspecified parts are the prior art.Although above-described embodiment is made that the present invention and retouches in detail
State, but it be only part of the embodiment rather than whole embodiments of the present invention, people can also according to the present embodiment without
Other embodiment is obtained under the premise of creativeness, these embodiments belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of balsam pear implantation methods, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
S1, seed of bitter gourd is put into the alkaline aqueous solution that temperature is 30~35 DEG C, pH value is 8.3~9 and impregnates 10~15min simultaneously
It cleans, is then placed in the clear water that temperature is 0~3 DEG C and impregnates 0.5~2h；
S2, seed is put into the seed-soaking liquid that temperature is 50~70 DEG C and impregnates 3~7h, sterilized after naturally dry, the kind after sterilization
Son carries out vernalization；
Seed bud is cast to and nursery is carried out on seedling bed by S3 when seed bud length is to 0.3~0.7cm, in the item that temperature is 20~25 DEG C
3~7d is grown under part, temperature is then reduced to 15~20 DEG C, and sprays the growth inhibition that mass fraction is 0.1~1.5%
Agent, the quantity of 5~10d of culture to seedling leaves are transplanted when being 3~4 leaf；
It is set near S4, the seedling after transplanting and climbs rattan teapoy, climbed the height of rattan teapoy as 1.5~1.8m, draw after the climing elongation of seedling melon
The branch away from below ground 40cm is wiped out in climing restocking, stays 2~5 main stems；It pinches to main stem, every main stem stays 1~4
Lateral bine, distance of the lateral bine root apart from main stem root are 45~65cm, are pinched when lateral bine grows to 60~80cm, are removed
Apart from the blade of below ground 50cm in main stem.
2. balsam pear implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step S1) in, in seed-soaking liquid, dioxygen
The mass fraction of water is 2~10%, and the mass fraction of potassium nitrate is 0.01~0.07%.
3. balsam pear implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step S2) in, seed after sterilization into
Row vernalization is as follows：
Seed after sterilization is put into the germinator that temperature is 25~32 DEG C and carries out vernalization to the point that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally；Wherein, germinator is
Mass fraction is 0.001~0.01% graphene oxide.
4. balsam pear implantation methods according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The germinator is that mass fraction is 0.002
~0.008% graphene oxide solution.
5. balsam pear implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step S4) in implementation process, every 3 days
Graphene oxide solution that mass fraction is 0.003~0.005% is sprayed into soil to fruiting.
6. balsam pear implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step S2) seed be put into seed-soaking liquid before,
In the standardized opening of the surface of the seed.
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| CN201711376237.XA CN108093741A (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2017-12-19 | Balsam pear implantation methods |
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| CN201711376237.XA CN108093741A (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2017-12-19 | Balsam pear implantation methods |
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| CN110999734A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-14 | 江西邦谷农业发展有限公司 | Greenhouse bitter gourd seedling insect-prevention cultivation method |
| CN114885637A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国标准化研究院 | Seed soaking and germination accelerating method for improving germination rate of corn seeds |
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| CN114885637A (en) * | 2022-05-18 | 2022-08-12 | 中国标准化研究院 | Seed soaking and germination accelerating method for improving germination rate of corn seeds |
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