CN113892425A

CN113892425A - Rapid cultivation method of hazelnut semi-aseptic seedlings

Info

Publication number: CN113892425A
Application number: CN202111330508.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王晶; 杨彝华; 王万坤; 曾维军; 郑旋; 康超; 向准; 李鹏; 杨玲; 邓春英; 刘忠玄; 黄静; 和耀威
Original assignee: Guizhou Institute of Biology
Current assignee: Guizhou Institute of Biology
Priority date: 2021-11-11
Filing date: 2021-11-11
Publication date: 2022-01-07
Also published as: WO2023083284A1

Abstract

In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly cultivating a semi-aseptic seedling of hazelnut, which comprises the following steps: s1, removing the empty and rotten seeds to obtain seeds to be treated. S2, placing the seeds to be treated into the first soaking solution to soak for 22-25h to obtain first treated seeds. S3, placing the first treated seeds into a second soaking solution to soak for 100-140min to obtain second treated seeds. And S4, cleaning the second treated seeds, and then carrying out surface disinfection by using a disinfectant to obtain disinfected seeds. S5, slightly breaking the disinfected seeds, and then disinfecting the disinfected seeds for the second time by using a disinfectant to obtain the pretreated seeds. S6, sowing the pretreated seeds, and then carrying out field management to obtain the hazelnut semi-aseptic seedlings. The method obviously reduces the emergence time of hazelnut seeds from about 6 months to about 25 days in the prior art. The hazelnut seeds have high germination rate and regular emergence, and are convenient for seedling management.

Description

Rapid cultivation method of hazelnut semi-aseptic seedlings

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a rapid cultivation method of semi-aseptic seedlings of hazelnuts.

Background

The hazel tree is a perennial deciduous shrub nut tree species, is one of economic forest dry fruits, and can be called as a whole body and a treasure. The hazelnut kernel contains 51.4-66.4% of fat, 17.32-25.92% of protein, 4.9-9.8% of carbohydrate, 8 kinds of amino acids necessary for human body, vitamin C, E, B and various mineral substances, especially selenium and paclitaxel, and has unique effects of lowering blood pressure, protecting eyesight and resisting cancer, so that it is called nut king and is popular with people. The hazelnut kernel can be used for extracting oil, and the hazelnut oil is dry oil, is rich in unsaturated fatty acid and is high-quality edible oil. Secondly, the hazelnut shells are good raw materials for manufacturing the activated carbon, the hazelnut barks and the hazelnut bracts contain 8.5 to 14.5 percent of tannin and can be used for extracting and copying glue, the hazelnut leaves contain 15.9 percent of crude protein and can be used for raising tussah and pigs, and the hazelnut shells are developed in root systems and can be used for building water and soil conservation forests and also are dominant tree species for developing economic forests.

Corylus sp. belonging to family Fagales Betulaceae of order Fagales and family Betulaceae of order Fagales. There are about 20 kinds of hazelnuts in the world, with wild being mainly distributed in temperate regions of asia, europe and north america, and hazelnuts being mainly produced in turkey, italy, spain, usa, portugal, etc. [1 ]. There are 9 wild hazelnuts in China, which are Sichuan hazelnut C.heterphylla Fisch.ex Tracutv.var.sumutenensis Franch, Weixi hazelnut C.wangii Hu., spiny hazel C.ferox Wall.Yunnan hazel C.yunnanensis (Franchet) A.Camus., hazelnut C.fargesii Schneid.Huafilbert C.chinensis Franch, hairy hazel C.mandshurica Maxim, Siberian hazel C.heterphylla Fisch.Wuling C.wuulingensis Q.X.Liu et C.M.Zhang. The wild hazel tree has small nuts, low yield and poor quality, the economic forest research institute of Liaoning province gradually optimizes the cross breeding work of the hazel and the European hazel in 1999, and breeds a new variety (line) of the hybrid hazel of the Pingguo which has the characteristics of strong adaptability, high kernel rate, large nuts, full fruits and the like, such as thin shell red, jade pendant, Dawei, Jinling and the like, and the hybrid of the Pingguo hazel starts to be cultivated in large scale in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Shandong, Hebei, Anhui, Shanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang and the like in China, but mainly adopts a dual-purpose mixed garden which mainly cultures seedlings, so that the annual yield of the hazel is still not high in China at present, and the market demand of the hazel is large and the demand is wide, thus causing the shortage of supply and demand.

Guizhou belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, the terrain height difference is great, the weather climate characteristics are greatly different in the vertical direction, the three-dimensional climate is obvious, and the influence of atmospheric circulation and the like causes the Guizhou climate to be diversified, the Guizhou climate is basically divided into four seasons and ten miles and different days, the annual average temperature of Guizhou is 12-19 ℃, but the highest temperature of copper kernels in the east of Guizhou is 42.5 ℃ once, and the lowest temperature of Weining in the west of Guizhou is-15.3 ℃. However, there are 5 wild hazelnuts in Guizhou, which are respectively corylus heterophylla, corylus avellana, and corylus heterophylla, and account for 56% of wild species in China, and are mainly distributed in the western and southwestern areas of Guizhou province, indicating that Guizhou is a suitable region for corylus heterophylla. In view of forest compound operation, greening afforestation and under-forest economy are combined, hazelnuts are selected, and mycorrhizal seedlings are cultivated, so that the demand of greening afforestation in stony desertification areas can be met, and a foundation can be laid for harvesting truffles in later periods and obtaining long-term under-forest economic profit. Therefore, the hazel forest is protected, utilized and developed, and the hazel forest has important significance for developing the economy of mountainous areas, adjusting the industrial structure of rural areas and improving the living standard of people, and has huge development potential in Guizhou. In addition, according to the national reserve forest construction scheme of Guizhou province, 1098 ten thousand mu of Chinese reserve forest is constructed in the first stage of Guizhou province, when the national reserve forest plan is implemented, truffles, namely hazelnut mycorrhizal seedlings are selected for transplantation, the forestry industry economy can be accelerated to develop, the economic benefits of hazelnuts, hazelnut leaves and the like can be harvested in a short period, the expensive truffles can be continuously harvested for a long period, employment posts are created, income increase and enrichment of people in mountainous areas are realized, and a stable industry is constructed for the vogue of villages.

However, because the hazelnut shell is compact, the hazelnut shell can hinder the germination of the seeds during seedling raising, and the prior art generally adopts a certain time of bottom temperature treatment to promote the hazelnut germination, which specifically comprises the following steps: the sand storage seed temperature is 0-5 deg.C, the treatment time is 60-90 days, and when 25% of seeds germinate, sowing can be carried out. The slow germination time severely restricts the breeding of the hazel tree.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly cultivating a hazelnut semi-aseptic seedling, which comprises the following steps:

s1, removing the empty and rotten seeds to obtain seeds to be treated.

S2, placing the seeds to be treated into the first soaking solution to soak for 22-25h to obtain first treated seeds.

S3, placing the first treated seeds into a second soaking solution to soak for 100-140min to obtain second treated seeds.

And S4, cleaning the second treated seeds, and then carrying out surface disinfection by using a disinfectant to obtain disinfected seeds.

S5, slightly breaking the disinfected seeds, and then disinfecting the disinfected seeds for the second time by using a disinfectant to obtain the pretreated seeds.

S6, sowing the pretreated seeds, and then carrying out field management to obtain the hazelnut semi-aseptic seedlings.

Further, in the step S2, the first soaking solution is water with a temperature of 0-30 ℃.

Furthermore, the first soaking solution contains citric acid with the mass of 0.07-0.09% of water.

Further, the second soaking solution in step S3 is water with a temperature of 30-65 ℃.

Further, the second soak solution is water with the temperature of 60 +/-0.5 ℃.

Further, in step S4, the method for cleaning the second processed seed includes: rinse 2 times with ultrapure water.

Further, the method for disinfecting the surface in step S4 is: soaking in 75% ethanol for 30min for surface sterilization.

Further, the method for slightly breaking the sterilized seeds in step S5 is as follows: the seeds are slightly cracked by adopting a mechanical cutting mode.

Further, the second sterilization method in step S5 is: the slightly broken seeds were wiped with 75% alcohol cotton gauze.

Further, the field management in step S6 includes: compatibility of planting matrix, seeding management, water and soil management, and pest control management.

The planting substrate compatibility comprises:

according to the weight ratio of sand: perlite is 3: 1, uniformly mixing, and stirring the materials with ultrapure water until water overflows but does not drip in a hand-pinched hand seam, wherein the water content is 55-65%. Adjusting the pH value to 7.0-7.5 with quicklime water to obtain the planting substrate.

The sowing management comprises the following steps:

spreading medical gauze on the square sieve, spreading 6-9cm thick matrix on the gauze, uniformly spreading the radicle of the pretreated hazelnut seed downwards on the matrix, covering the hazelnut with the matrix for 1-3cm after sowing, and slightly pressing.

The moisture and soil management includes:

watering was started 2 days after seeding, and ultrapure water was poured 1 time per week. If the surface of the substrate is dry, the substrate is watered again. The humidity of the seedling raising room is kept at 62 +/-1 percent, the temperature is kept at 20 +/-2 ℃, and soil is kept loose without weeds.

The pest control management comprises the following steps:

treating with calx or chemical before the imago of mosquito and insect ovum and before saprophytic bacteria are immature. If the symbiotic bacteria are infected, the infected seedlings need to be removed as soon as possible to prevent the propagation. For powdery mildew, the spraying of 800-fold 1000-times 50% wettable thiophanate or carbendazim is started from the time when the seedlings grow to 4 leaves.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method obviously reduces the emergence time of hazelnut seeds from about 6 months to about 25 days in the prior art.

2. The method for cultivating the semi-aseptic hazelnut seedlings has the advantages of high germination rate of hazelnut seeds, regular emergence of seedlings and convenience in seedling management.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below.

Example 1

A method for quickly cultivating a semi-aseptic seedling of hazelnut comprises the following steps:

s1, removing the empty and rotten seeds to obtain seeds to be treated.

S2, placing the seeds to be treated into the first soaking solution to soak for 24 hours to obtain first treated seeds.

And S3, soaking the first treated seeds in a second soaking solution for 120min to obtain second treated seeds.

In the step S2, the first soak solution is water with the temperature of 20 ℃.

In the step S3, the second soaking solution is water with the temperature of 50 ℃.

Step S4, the method for cleaning the second treated seed includes: rinse 2 times with ultrapure water.

The method for disinfecting the surface in the step S4 comprises the following steps: soaking in 75% ethanol for 30min for surface sterilization.

The method for slightly breaking the sterilized seeds in the step S5 is as follows: the seeds are slightly cracked by adopting a mechanical cutting mode.

The second disinfection method in step S5 includes: the slightly broken seeds were wiped with 75% alcohol cotton gauze.

Example 2

s1, removing the empty and rotten seeds to obtain seeds to be treated.

S2, placing the seeds to be treated into the first soaking solution to soak for 25 hours to obtain first treated seeds.

S3, soaking the first treated seeds in a second soaking solution for 140min to obtain second treated seeds.

In the step S2, the first soak solution is water with the temperature of 30 ℃.

In the step S3, the second soak solution is water with the temperature of 65 ℃.

Example 3

s1, removing the empty and rotten seeds to obtain seeds to be treated.

S2, placing the seeds to be treated into the first soaking solution to soak for 22h to obtain first treated seeds.

And S3, soaking the first treated seeds in a second soaking solution for 100min to obtain second treated seeds.

In the step S2, the first soak solution is water with the temperature of 0 ℃.

In the step S3, the second soak solution is water with the temperature of 30 ℃.

Through research, by adopting the rapid cultivation method of the semi-aseptic hazelnut seedlings in the embodiments 1 to 3, firstly, the hazelnut seeds are pretreated, and then, sowing and field management are carried out, so that the emergence time of the hazelnut seeds can be obviously reduced, the germination rate of the seeds is high, the emergence is neat, and the subsequent field management is convenient.

Example 4

Based on the method for quickly cultivating the semi-sterile hazelnut seedlings as in any one of the embodiments 1 to 3, the second soaking solution is water with the temperature of 60 +/-0.5 ℃. Through research, the second soaking solution is water with the temperature of 30-65 ℃, the germination time of hazelnut seeds can be obviously reduced, but when the second soaking solution is water with the temperature of 60 +/-0.5 ℃, the effect is mutated. The water with the temperature of 60 plus or minus 0.5 ℃ is used as the second soaking solution, and the emergence time of the hazel tree seeds is suddenly reduced to 25-26 days from 40-45 days at the rest temperature.

Example 5

Based on the method for quickly cultivating the semi-sterile hazelnut seedlings as described in any one of embodiments 1 to 3, the first soaking solution contains citric acid with the mass of 0.07 to 0.09 percent of water, and preferably 0.08 percent of water. The addition of a trace amount of citric acid to the first soaking solution can significantly reduce the time for treating the seeds with the first soaking solution. By contrast, after 0.07-0.09% of citric acid is added, the time for treating the seeds by adopting the first soaking solution can be reduced to 15-16 hours, and the treatment requirement can be met without influencing the seedling emergence time, the germination rate and the tooth emergence uniformity of the seeds.

In addition, the applicant selects the Jade plummet seeds in the hazelnut seeds, and performs a comparative experiment aiming at the step S2 and the step S5, wherein the experimental design is as follows:

TABLE 1 comparative experimental design for different ways of carrying out Steps S2 and S5

Based on the experimental design scheme of table 1, the applicant performed orthogonal experiments, the design of which is shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 orthogonal experimental design based on TABLE 1

F1-1-P	F3-2-P	F2-1-P	F2-1-CK
				F1-2-P	F3-3-P	F2-2-P	F2-2-CK
F1-3-P	F3-4-P	F2-3-P	F2-3-CK
				F1-1-CK	F3-1-CK	F2-4-P	F2-4-CK
F1-2-CK	F3-2-CK	F2-5-P	F2-5-CK
				F1-3-CK	F3-3-CK	F2-6-P	F2-6-CK
F3-1-P	F3-4-CK	F2-7-P	F2-7-CK

The result is: the Yuzhu seeds begin to be sown in the first ten days of 1 month, the emergence of seedlings begins with the first treatment of F2-4-P in the middle of 2 months, and then with the second treatments of F2-2-P, F1-1-P and F3-3-P in the beginning of 3 months. The other are sequentially arranged according to the emergence of seedlings from early to late: F2-5-P > F2-1-P > F2-6-P > F3-4-P > F1-2-P > F2-7-P > F1-3-P > F3-1-P > F2-3-P > F3-2-P > F3-4-CK > F2-4-CK > F2-5-CK > F2-1-CK > F3-3-CK > F2-2-CK > F3-2-CK > F1-1-CK > F2-6-CK > F1-3-P > F3-1-CK > F1-2-CK > F2-7-CK > F2-3-CK.

The experimental result shows that the corn plumule is pretreated in the same experiment, and the seedlings emerge before opening. The method comprises the following steps of soaking the Jade drop hazelnuts in cold water for 24 hours, then soaking in water at 60 ℃ for 2 hours, washing with ultrapure water for 2 times, soaking in 75% alcohol for 30 minutes for surface disinfection, mechanically making the seeds slightly broken, wiping with 75% alcohol cotton yarns for disinfection, and then sowing, so that semi-aseptic seedlings of the Jade drop hazelnuts can be quickly cultivated, and a powerful support is provided for cultivation of truffle-Jade drop hazelnut mycorrhiza seedlings. The water treatment of the seeds at the temperature of 60 ℃ can not only rapidly cultivate semi-aseptic seedlings, but also avoid the use of chemical reagents in the process of seedling cultivation and reduce the production cost. By adopting the prior art, only the germination time of the seeds needs 60-90 days, and the seedling raising time is added, so that the seedlings can emerge in about 6 months generally, and in modern fast-paced days, the fast and efficient cultivation technology of the Jade plumule semi-aseptic seedlings with the minimum seedling emergence time of 25 days is applied, so that the cultivation of the truffle-Jade plumule mycorrhizal seedlings can take a new stage of development.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the field management in step S6 includes: compatibility of planting matrix, seeding management, water and soil management, and pest control management.

The planting substrate compatibility comprises:

The sowing management comprises the following steps:

The moisture and soil management includes:

The pest control management comprises the following steps:

By adopting the field management method, the growth stability of the hazelnut seeds after budding can be stabilized, and the reduction of the growth stability is realized on the one hand

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A rapid cultivation method of hazelnut semi-aseptic seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, removing empty, shrunken and mildewed seeds to obtain seeds to be treated;

s2, placing the seeds to be treated into a first soaking solution to be soaked for 22-25h to obtain first treated seeds;

s3, placing the first treated seeds into a second soaking solution to soak for 100-;

s4, cleaning the second treated seeds, and then carrying out surface disinfection by using a disinfectant to obtain disinfected seeds;

s5, slightly breaking the disinfected seeds, and then disinfecting for the second time by using a disinfectant to obtain pretreated seeds;

2. The method for rapidly cultivating the semi-aseptic hazelnut seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the first soaking solution in the step S2 is water at 0-30 ℃.

3. The method for rapidly cultivating the semi-aseptic hazelnut seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the first soaking solution contains 0.07-0.09% by mass of citric acid based on the mass of water.

4. The method for rapidly cultivating the semi-aseptic hazelnut seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the second soaking solution in the step S3 is water at 30-65 ℃.

5. The method for rapidly cultivating the semi-aseptic hazelnut seedlings according to claim 3, wherein the second soaking solution is water at 60 ± 0.5 ℃.

6. A method for rapidly cultivating a semi-aseptic hazelnut seedling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S4 is to wash the second treated seed clean by: rinse 2 times with ultrapure water.

7. A method for rapidly cultivating a semi-aseptic hazelnut seedling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S4 is a method for sterilizing the surface comprising: soaking in 75% ethanol for 30min for surface sterilization.

8. A method for rapidly cultivating a semi-aseptic hazelnut seedling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S5 is to slightly break the sterilized seeds by: the seeds are slightly cracked by adopting a mechanical cutting mode.

9. A method for rapidly cultivating a semi-aseptic hazelnut seedling as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second sterilization in step S5 comprises: the slightly broken seeds were wiped with 75% alcohol cotton gauze.

10. A method for rapidly cultivating a semi-aseptic seedling of hazelnut as claimed in claim 1, wherein the field management of step S6 comprises: planting matrix compatibility, seeding management, water and soil management and pest control management;

the planting substrate compatibility comprises:

according to the weight ratio of sand: perlite is 3: 1, uniformly mixing, namely mixing the materials with ultrapure water until water overflows but does not drip in a hand-pinched hand seam, wherein the water content is 55-65%; adjusting the pH value to 7.0-7.5 by quicklime water to obtain the planting substrate;

the sowing management comprises the following steps:

spreading medical gauze on a square sieve, spreading a 6-9cm thick substrate on the gauze, uniformly spreading the radicle of the pretreated hazelnut seed downwards on the substrate, covering the hazelnut with the substrate for 1-3cm after sowing, and slightly pressing;

the moisture and soil management includes:

watering is started 2 days after seeding, and ultrapure water is watered for 1 time every week; if the surface of the substrate is dry, the substrate is watered again; keeping the humidity of the seedling raising room at 62 +/-1% and the temperature at 20 +/-2 ℃, and keeping soil loose and free of weeds;

the pest control management comprises the following steps:

treating with quicklime or medicament before the mosquito eggs become adult and before saprophytic bacteria are immature; if the symbiotic bacteria are infected, the infected seedlings need to be removed as soon as possible to prevent propagation; for powdery mildew, the spraying of 800-fold 1000-times 50% wettable thiophanate or carbendazim is started from the time when the seedlings grow to 4 leaves.