CN115088417B - Method for accelerating germination of seed potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: and (3) fumigating potato tubers, wherein a fumigant used in the fumigating treatment is trans-anisole. The germination accelerating method has strong action and effect, can enable potato blocks and cut blocks of different varieties and different grades to sprout and root in a short time, and the sprout length reaches the length required by sowing, improves the germination uniformity and robustness, advances the seedling aligning time, and improves the yield; meanwhile, the potato tuber germination accelerating agent is safe to use and suitable for large-scale potato tuber germination accelerating.

Description

Method for accelerating germination of seed potatoes

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of germination accelerating of crops, and particularly relates to a method for germination accelerating of potato seeds.

Background

The potato (Solanum tuberosum L) is a plant of Solanaceae genus, has strong adaptability, high yield and comprehensive nutrition, can be used as vegetables and processed into various products such as potato chips, french fries, wheaten food and the like, is a fourth large grain crop in China, and is one of important crops for guaranteeing the grain safety in China. The potato relies on tuber asexual propagation, virus can be accumulated after multi-generation planting, the yield is reduced by serious degeneration, and a mature detoxified seed potato breeding system is established and popularized at present: the method comprises the steps of cultivating detoxified test tube seedlings by stem tip stripping, transplanting the test tube seedlings to a net shed to produce stock seeds, and producing stock seeds and seed potatoes in high-altitude or high-latitude aphid-free areas, namely stock seed grade, stock seed grade and seed potato grade, wherein the problem of germination vigor of potato blocks is solved when sowing is related to seed potatoes of any grade. The existing germination accelerating technology of potato blocks has the following problems:

(1) The dormancy period of potatoes is generally 50-120 d, the stock seeds are bred in a net shed in autumn of Sichuan, and are generally harvested at the bottom of 12 months or 1 month, the stock seeds need to be bred in mountain areas with the altitude of more than 1000m in 2 months, and the dormancy germination of the stock seeds is relieved only at intervals of about 30-50 d; the original seeds collected in a plurality of batches are separated in a mist culture mode, obvious differences exist in germination time of potato blocks in different batches, and the uniformity of emergence is affected. Autumn potato in southwest area is sown in middle and late 8 months, and the used potato is harvested in middle and late 7 months with an interval of only about 30 d; sowing the winter-planted potatoes in the south in the middle and the last ten days of 11 months, and harvesting the used potatoes in the middle and the last ten days of 9 months at intervals of about 60 days. Under the above conditions, some varieties and grades of potato blocks cannot finish dormancy and sprout quickly in a short time, so that a high-efficiency germination accelerating substance is needed to timely release the dormancy period of the potato blocks, promote germination, improve germination uniformity and further improve yield.

(2) In addition, the seed potato with the weight of over 100g is generally cut into pieces (each cut piece is provided with bud eyes) in production so as to reduce the seed cost. Shang Wenyan (influence of potato bud blocks of different bud positions on potato yield, modern agriculture technology, 2018, (11): 74-75) researches that potato tubers have strong top advantages, bud eyes at the middle part and the tail part of the potato blocks have sprouting time later than that of the top, the cutting blocks with buds at different positions are mixed and sown, the top bud cutting blocks always come out first, and the seedlings coming out after the middle part and the tail part cutting blocks are soaked into rain water even without coming out, so that the field seedling uniformity is poor, the growth is inconsistent, the field management and the yield are influenced, and meanwhile, the yield is also influenced by late seedling emergence. Therefore, how to promote the germination of the middle and tail sections to achieve the same germination state as the top section is an effective way to improve the yield of the conventional production mode of potato cutting and mixed sowing.

(3) Studies have shown that endogenous hormones are important substances that regulate the transition of tubers from resting to sprouting, and that there is a complex interaction between the hormones. Abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (Eth), brassinosteroids (BR) promote tuber dormancy, auxins, cytokinins (CTK) and Gibberellins (GA) release dormancy to promote germination, CTK and GA promote bud growth. The current common potato seed germination accelerating method is to soak potato tubers for 20-30 min by adopting 10-30 mg/L gibberellin, and meanwhile Xue and the like (brassinosteroids synthesis and expression change of signal transduction genes during storage of potato tubers and influence on germination, crop theory report, 2017,43 (6): 811-820) find that gibberellin and brassinosteroids can be matched for use to achieve the effects of promoting germination, strengthening buds and increasing yield. However, the seed quantity of the potatoes per mu is generally 200-250 kg, gibberellin and brassinolide can only be prepared into solvents for seed soaking or spraying treatment, so that not only is labor consumption reduced, but also the germination accelerating effect on the potato blocks which are deeply dormant in the harvest treatment is slow, meanwhile, the problem of rot caused by improper draining is solved, and the method is not suitable for large-scale seed germination accelerating; meanwhile, gibberellin has the problems that germination accelerating effect of the variety in the middle and long dormancy period is weak, and the treatment concentration and time are not easy to control, so that germination is thin and weak, and the yield is further affected.

(4) Campbell M et al (Dormancy in potato tuber meristems: chemically induced cessation in dormancy matches the natural process based on transcript profiles. Funct interger Genomics,2008, 8:317-328) found that the volatile organic compounds that have a germination accelerating effect on potatoes had 2-chloroethanol and bromoethane, which can promote tuber dormancy by promoting GA synthesis. Meanwhile, liu Fang and other researches (researches on the effect of bromoethane on breaking dormancy of potatoes and hormone change, chinese agronomic reports, 2012, 28 (9): 55-59) prove that bromoethane can shorten the dormancy period of test tube potatoes of potato reference number 1, atlantic and Kexin number 1 by 33 days, 45 days and 46 days respectively, but increase dormancy amplitude, namely the germination uniformity cannot be improved, and the time required for germination of 10% potato blocks to 90% potato blocks is longer. Meanwhile, 2-chloroethanol and bromoethane are toxic and belong to inflammable and explosive products, and are difficult to popularize and use in production.

(5) The current research shows that the volatile substances of plants have the effect of inhibiting the germination of potatoes, such as spearmint (Mentha spicata L) essential oil and carvone which is the main ingredient thereof can inhibit the germination of potato tubers and the growth activity of fungi and bacteria. Teper-Barnoloker P et al (Mint essential oil can induce or inhibit potato sprouing by differential alteration of apical meristem [ J ]. Planta,2010, 232:179-186) studied that R-carvone caused membrane damage mainly at the apical end of meristem of tuber buds to inhibit germination, and that only terminal buds in the eyes were injured by low concentration (0.5. Mu.L/L) treatment, when lateral buds had not grown, so that lateral buds were not injured. As carvone volatilizes and dissipates, the injury to buds disappears, and the death of terminal buds in potato eyes removes the inhibition of the terminal buds to lateral buds, so that the generation of a large number of buds is promoted after low-concentration treatment, and the meristem of buds in the whole bud eyes is killed after high-concentration (9.0 mu L/L) treatment. Gd mez-Castillo D et al (Effects of essential oils on sprout suppression and quality of potato cultivars [ J ]. Postharvest Biology and Technology,2013.82 (1): 15-21)) studied that peppermint, coriander and Ucalix essential oils each delayed tuber sprouting to varying degrees after 10 days of potato treatment. Therefore, the existing researches only find plant volatile substances which destroy the growth of buds and inhibit the germination of potatoes, but do not find plant source volatile substances which can effectively remove tuber dormancy and promote the germination.

Therefore, there is a need for a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds to solve the deficiencies of the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which has strong action and effect, can enable potato blocks and cut blocks of different varieties and different grades to sprout and root in a short time, and the sprouts reach the length required by sowing, improve the germination uniformity and robustness, advance the seedling alignment time and improve the yield; meanwhile, the potato tuber germination accelerating agent is safe to use and suitable for large-scale potato tuber germination accelerating.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, comprising the steps of: and (3) fumigating potato tubers, wherein a fumigant used in the fumigating treatment is trans-anisole.

Compared with the prior art, the inventor of the invention firstly discovers that the main component of the fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is trans-anisole (the molecular formula is C ₁₀ H ₁₂ O, CAS number 4180-23-8) can effectively remove dormancy of potato tubers, promote potato germination, and further refine research shows that trans-anisole is adopted as fumigant to treat potato tubers, so that potato tubers of different varieties and different grades and cut pieces can sprout and root in a short time, the sprout length reaches the length required by sowing, the germination uniformity and the robustness are improved, the seedling alignment time is advanced, and the yield is improved. As the trans-anisole is a plant volatile substance, a fumigation treatment mode can be adopted, the germination accelerating effect is quick, and the risk of rot is avoided, so that the method is suitable for large-scale germination accelerating of potato tubers. Trans-anisole is also a nontoxic substance, so that the germination accelerating method is safe to use.

Preferably, the ratio of the volume of trans-anisole to the mass of potato tubers in the present invention is 15 to 75. Mu.L/kg. The optimal dosage of the trans-anisole can be correspondingly adjusted according to the variety dormancy stage type of the potato tuber, the seed potato grade, the physiological state of the potato block, the physical state of the potato block and the environmental temperature. Meanwhile, the trans-anisole can be purchased from the market, and each 100mL of the trans-anisole is about 75 to 80 yuan, so that the cost for processing 10 tons of potato tubers is not more than 600 yuan, and the cost of the method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided by the invention is lower.

Preferably, the ratio of the volume of trans-anisole to the mass of potato tubers according to the invention is 15 to 35. Mu.L/kg. According to the inventor of the invention, when the dosage of trans-anisole per kilogram of potato tuber is 15-35 mu L, potato blocks and cut blocks of different varieties and different grades can sprout within 7-20 days after treatment, and the sprout length reaches 2-10 mm length required by sowing, so that the sprouting amplitude can be reduced, the sprouting uniformity can be improved, the sprouting can be promoted, and the healthy and strong sprouting can be ensured without overgrowth phenomenon; the seedling time can be shortened in advance, so that the growth period of the potatoes is prolonged, and the yield is improved by more than 8%. And the cost for processing 10 tons of potato blocks is not more than 250 yuan.

Preferably, the present invention comprises subjecting potato tubers to fumigation treatment in a closed environment for 3 to 7 days. More specifically, a sealed room is prepared to form a closed environment, the room space is not easy to be excessively large, the amount of stacked potato blocks accounts for 2/3 of the room, and the packaged or basket-packaged potato blocks are placed in the sealed room. Or placing the packaged or basket-packed potato blocks into a plastic bag or covering the stacked potato blocks by adopting a plastic film so as to enclose a closed environment. Or placing the bagged or boxed or basket-packed potato blocks on a shelf, and covering the periphery of the shelf by using a plastic film to form a closed environment. More specifically, no more than 5 layers are present, either in bags or in basket stacks.

Preferably, the invention can use 5g/m before piling up the potato blocks ³ Potassium permanganate and 10mL/m ³ Fumigating the closed environment for 7 days, and ventilating after disinfection to ensure the sterile state of the closed environment.

Preferably, the present invention comprises fumigation at a temperature of 9 to 25 ℃. Specifically, the temperature of the fumigation treatment can be selected according to different varieties and different grades of potato blocks.

Preferably, the fumigation treatment according to the invention further comprises selecting the potato tuber grade: selecting original seed grade potato blocks, original seed grade potato blocks or seed grade potato blocks. Therefore, the method for accelerating germination of potato seeds can treat potato blocks of different varieties and different grades, and has strong effect.

Preferably, the original seed grade potato blocks of the invention keep the shape of whole potato for fumigation treatment.

Preferably, the invention fumigates original seed grade potato blocks with the weight of single potato being 20-50 g or seed grade potato blocks with the weight of single potato being 20-50 g with the shape of whole potato.

Preferably, the invention cuts the potato blocks with the single potato weight larger than 50g of the original seed grade or the potato blocks with the single potato weight larger than 50g of the seed grade into pieces, dries the pieces and fumigates the pieces.

Preferably, the present invention comprises taking a plurality of containers, placing the carrier material in the containers, and then dropping the trans-anisole onto the carrier material, wherein the trans-anisole content in any container is not more than 1mL. Specifically, the number of containers=total amount of trans-anisole/dropping amount per container. More specifically, the container is at least one of a glass bottle and a plastic carrying cage. The carrier material is at least one of cotton and filter paper.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a germination pattern of the Federation crude seeds of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 of the present invention 15d after treatment.

FIG. 2 is a germination pattern of 7d of the Federation crude seeds of example 2-2 and comparative example 2-1 of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a germination morphology diagram of 10d of the autonomous breeding lines M16-3-4 of example 3-2, comparative example 3-1, and comparative example 3-2 of the present invention after stock treatment.

FIG. 4 is a physical image of the field emergence of 25d after the original seeds of the autonomously selected strain M16-3-4 of example 3-2, comparative example 3-1 and comparative example 3-2 are sowed.

FIG. 5 is a physical image of the field emergence of 50d after the original seeds of the autonomously selected lines M16-3-4 of the examples 3-2, the comparative examples 3-1 and the comparative examples 3-2 are sowed.

FIG. 6 is a germination pattern of Sichuan Liang taro 13 stock seed small potato pieces treated in examples 4-1, 4-2, 4-1 and 4-2 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a germination pattern of Sichuan Liang taro No. 14 stock seed small potato pieces treated in examples 5-1, 5-2, 5-1 and 5-2 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a germination pattern of the potato pieces of example 6-1, comparative example 6-1 and comparative example 6-2 after the treatment of the original seed small potato pieces of Lishu No. 6.

FIG. 9 is a pattern of germination of the Federation crude strain treated 15d of example 7-2 of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a germination pattern of the Federation crude seeds of examples 7-1, 7-2, 7-1, 7-2 and 7-3 of the present invention 15d after treatment.

FIG. 11 is a germination pattern of the green potato No. 9 stock seed of example 8-1, example 8-2, comparative example 8-1, comparative example 8-2, comparative example 8-3 of the present invention 15d after the treatment.

FIG. 12 is a germination pattern of 7d of the raw purple sweet potato No. 1 of example 9-1 and comparative example 9-1 after the treatment.

FIG. 13 is a germination pattern of the potato seeds of example 10-1 and comparative example 10-1 after the treatment of the potato seeds of No. 1.

Detailed Description

In order to describe the technical scheme, the purpose and the technical effect of the present invention in detail, the following description is made with reference to specific embodiments.

Specifically, in order to illustrate the effect of the method for accelerating germination of potato seeds of the invention on potato blocks and cutting blocks of different varieties and different grades (original seeds, original seeds and potato seeds), the invention selects the short-dormancy type Fei-Rui original seeds (potato block in deep dormancy stage), the short-dormancy type Fei-Rui original seeds (potato block in middle stage), the long-dormancy-period autonomous breeding strain M16-3-4 (potato block in dormancy end stage), the medium-dormancy type Sichuan-cold-taro 13 original seed small potato blocks (potato block bud eye is in white-bud length 3mm state), the medium-dormancy type Sichuan-cold-taro 14 original seed small potato blocks (potato block eye is in white-bud length 3mm state), the medium-dormancy type Liu-6 original seed small potato blocks (potato block eye is in white-bud state), the short-type Fei-Rui original seeds (potato block in middle stage), the long-period green-9 original seeds (potato block in deep dormancy stage), the medium-dormancy type sweet-potato blocks (potato block in deep dormancy stage) and the medium-dormancy type purple-taro 1 (potato block eye-bud size 1) to be used as the detailed research objects.

In addition, the different conditions of the original seed grade potato blocks, the original seed grade potato blocks or the seed grade potato blocks sprouting are shown in table 1, and trans-anisole fumigation can be repeatedly adopted for 1 to 3 times according to the differences of variety dormancy period types, seed grade, physiological states of potato blocks, physical states of potato blocks, environmental temperature and the like.

TABLE 1

1. Sleep type: dividing according to the time required for the potato to grow more than 80% of the buds of the potato to exceed 2mm after the potato is ripe and placed at 25 ℃.

2. The treatment period is as follows: taking potato blocks planted and harvested in two seasons of one year in a Sichuan flat dam area as an example, winter potatoes are generally harvested in 5-6 months, and if the winter potatoes are used for sowing in autumn, the winter potatoes are treated in 7-8 months in summer, and the room temperature is generally 20-25 ℃; autumn-planted potatoes are generally harvested in 12-1 month, and if the autumn-planted potatoes are used for sowing in a mountain Gao Yuanchun, the autumn-planted potatoes are treated in 1-2 months in winter, and the room temperature is generally 5-10 ℃; the potato seeds harvested in 9-10 months are generally sown in 12 months to 1-4 months in the second year, and the potato seeds do not need germination acceleration due to longer interval time, and can naturally release dormancy when sown.

1. Effect on short dormancy variety of Furuita stock (potato block in deep dormancy stage)

Example 1-1

The embodiment provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting a raw seed (potato blocks are in a deep dormancy stage) within 20 days after harvest, placing the raw seed with single potato weight of more than 10g in a plastic basket with holes, placing 2kg potato blocks (about 150 grains) in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; preparing a glass bottle with the diameter of 2cm and the height of 4cm, placing a cotton ball at the inner bottom of the glass bottle, sucking trans-anisole to drop on the cotton ball by a liquid transfer device, placing the bottle beside a plastic basket with the dosage of 15 mu L/kg, placing the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, placing the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 5 days, and then opening to clean the glass bottle. After 5d, 15d, 30d, 45d and 60d treatment, 50 pieces of statistical germination rate were randomly selected from each basket and then put back for continuous observation, and the observation results are shown in table 2.

Examples 1 to 2

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 1-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in example 1-2 was 25. Mu.L/kg, whereas the amount of trans-anisole used in example 1-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Examples 1 to 3

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 1-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in examples 1-3 was 35. Mu.L/kg, whereas the amount of trans-anisole used in examples 1-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Examples 1 to 4

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 1-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in examples 1-4 was 45. Mu.L/kg, whereas the amount of trans-anisole used in examples 1-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative examples 1 to 1

The comparative example provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds substantially as in example 1-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in comparative example 1-1 was 0. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 1-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative examples 1 to 2

The present comparative example provides a method for germination acceleration of potato seeds, comprising the steps of: selecting a raw seed (potato blocks are in a deep dormancy stage) within 20 days after harvest, placing the raw seed with single potato weight of more than 10g in a plastic basket with holes, placing 2kg potato blocks (about 150 grains) in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; soaking potato blocks with gibberellin of 20mg/L for 30min, airing, putting the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is of a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, putting the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing for 5d, opening the plastic bag, and randomly selecting 50 grains from each basket for counting germination rate after treatment for 5d, 15d, 30d, 45d and 60d, and then putting the plastic bag back for continuous observation.

The germination percentage results of examples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-1 and 1-2 are shown in Table 2. Meanwhile, the germination patterns of the F-Usnezoff monkshood stock of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 after the treatment of 15d are shown in FIG. 1.

TABLE 2 germination percentage results of Fei-Wu Rui-Target stock

As is clear from Table 2 and FIG. 1, examples 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4 all showed different degrees of germination after treatment of the F/N stock, wherein the germination rate of example 1-3 (35. Mu.L/kg of trans-anisole) was the highest, and comparative example 1-2 (gibberellin treatment) showed no germination. The germination rate of the Fei-Wu Rui original seeds of the examples 1-2, 1-3 and 1-4 is more than 80% after 30d treatment, namely the germination rate of potato blocks is more than 80% after the treatment of the trans-anisole concentration in the range of 25-45 mu L/kg; while comparative example 1-1 still had no germination, comparative example 1-2 also had only 7.33% germination, while comparative example 1-1 had a germination rate of greater than 80% after about 70d of treatment, and comparative example 1-2 had a germination rate of greater than 80% after about 50-60 d of treatment, i.e., the februretta stock of examples 1-2, 1-3, 1-4 had a germination of about 40d earlier than comparative example 1-1 and about 20d earlier than comparative example 1-2.

In conclusion, the natural seedling-pouring and maturing of the Fei-Rui-Tar is carried out by adopting the trans-anisole to treat the raw seeds (potato blocks are in a deep dormancy stage) within 20 days after harvesting, wherein the ratio of the volume of the trans-anisole to the mass of the potato tubers is 15-45 mu L/kg, and the dormancy stage of the potato blocks can be timely relieved to promote germination.

2. Effect on short dormancy variety of Fei-Rui-Taq stock (potato block will be released from dormancy and start to sprout)

Example 2-1

The embodiment provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting natural seedling of Fei Wu Rui Tao, standing at normal temperature for 70d after harvesting, and weighing single potato>Placing 10g of stock seeds in plastic baskets with holes, placing 2kg of potato blocks (about 150 grains) in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; preparing a glass bottle with the diameter of 2cm and the height of 4cm, placing a cotton ball at the inner bottom of the glass bottle, sucking trans-anisole to drop on the cotton ball by a liquid transfer device, placing the bottle beside a plastic basket with the dosage of 15 mu L/kg, placing the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, placing the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 5 days, and then opening to clean the glass bottle. After 2d (i.e. 7 days after treatment), 8 potato pieces were randomly selected from each basket, and the bud length, bud diameter, and bud root number were measured. Sowing in field after one week, wherein the ridge length is 4.0m, and the ridge distance is 0.9m,1 ridge double row 36 nest, plant spacing 22cm, cell area 14.4m ² The 4 ridges are 1 cell, the yield is measured according to the weighing of the cells 100 days after sowing, the yield is converted into mu yield, and the commodity rate (single potato weight) is calculated>150g of potato pieces by weight).

Example 2-2

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 2-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in example 2-2 was 25. Mu.L/kg, whereas the amount of trans-anisole used in example 2-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Examples 2 to 3

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 2-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in examples 2-3 was 35. Mu.L/kg, whereas the amount of trans-anisole used in example 2-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Examples 2 to 4

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 2-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in examples 2-4 was 45. Mu.L/kg, whereas the amount of trans-anisole used in example 2-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 2-1

The comparative example provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds substantially as in example 2-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in comparative example 2-1 was 0. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 2-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

The results of examples 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4 and 2-1 in terms of bud length, bud diameter, number of roots, yield and commodity rate are shown in Table 3. Meanwhile, the germination patterns of the F-Ubbelodea stock seed of example 2-2 and comparative example 2-1 after the treatment are shown in FIG. 2.

TABLE 3 measurement results after treatment of Fei-Wu-Rui-Target stock

Group of	Bud length (mm)	Bud diameter (mm)	Number of long roots	Yield (kg/667 m) 2 )	Commodity rate (%)
						Example 2-1	19.56±3.98	5.78±0.75	10.13±4.32	1795.07±175.42	83.83±2.50
Example 2-2	20.09±5.51	6.17±0.79	11.75±3.06	1931.95±181.30	79.80±0.62
						Examples 2 to 3	18.84±2.27	5.87±0.97	10.50±2.62	1853.40±149.68	82.73±3.00
Examples 2 to 4	15.90±3.14	5.89±1.13	10.13±3.52	1844.15±191.40	79.95±1.72
						Comparative example 2-1	9.93±2.84	4.96±0.72	0	1688.59±263.93	82.27±0.4

As can be seen from FIG. 2, the buds of example 2-2 were more robust and had developed root systems, while the buds of comparative example 2-1 had just developed root systems and had no root systems. Referring to Table 3 again, it was found that the Federata original seeds of examples 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 and 2-4 had remarkable bud strengthening and rooting promoting effects as compared with comparative example 2-1, and more specifically, the treatment of the potato pieces of examples had higher bud length, bud diameter and root length numbers than comparative examples, with the concentration of trans-anisole in the range of 15 to 45. Mu.L/kg. In addition, the bud length, bud diameter and root length of example 2-2 (the dosage of trans-anisole is 25 mu L/kg) are optimized, the bud length is increased by 102.32% compared with comparative example 2-1, the bud diameter is increased by 24.40% compared with comparative example 2-1, and the example 2-2 is about 7-10 d earlier than comparative example 2-1 in seedling emergence after sowing because the trans-anisole treatment promotes germination and rooting, planting is carried out in autumn, the utilization of the early photo-thermal resource is promoted, and the yield of the final example 2-2 is increased by 14.41% compared with comparative example 2-1. Therefore, the trans-anisole is adopted to treat the natural seedling-pouring maturity of the Fei-Rui-Tai, and the stock seeds (potato blocks are exposed to white and are about to be released from dormancy to start sprouting) are placed for 70 days after harvest, wherein the ratio of the volume of the trans-anisole to the mass of the potato tubers is 15-45 mu L/kg, the sprouting can be obviously strengthened, the rooting can be promoted, and the yield can be improved.

3. Effect on autonomous breeding line M16-3-4 stock (potato block is at end stage of dormancy) with long dormancy period

The long dormancy stage strain M16-3-4 is not easy to break dormancy and germinate by external factors in the deep dormancy stage and the middle dormancy stage, and the germination effect after 10d treatment can not be achieved no matter the 20d, 30d and 60d after harvest are treated by 20mg/L gibberellin or 15-45 mu L/kg trans-anisole, so that the M16-3-4 stock of the 100d after harvest is selected from the examples 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-1 and 3-2, and the stock has different degrees of white dew signs, namely the stock is at the end dormancy stage.

Example 3-1

The embodiment provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting M16-3-4 stock seeds with the weight of single potato being more than 10g after harvest, placing the stock seeds in plastic baskets with holes, placing 2kg potato blocks (about 150 grains) in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; preparing a glass bottle with the diameter of 2cm and the height of 4cm, placing a cotton ball at the inner bottom of the glass bottle, sucking trans-anisole to drop on the cotton ball by a liquid transfer device, placing the bottle beside a plastic basket with the dosage of 15 mu L/kg, placing the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, placing the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 5 days, and then opening to clean the glass bottle. After 5d (i.e. 10 days after treatment), 8 potato pieces were randomly selected from each basket, and the sprout length and sprout diameter were measured. Sowing in a field after one week, wherein the ridge length is 4.0m, the ridge distance is 0.9m, the row spacing is 36 nest on 1 ridge, the plant spacing is 22cm, the cell area is 14.4m < 2 >, 4 ridges are 1 cell, measuring the yield according to the weighing of the cell after sowing for 100 days, converting into mu yield, and calculating the commodity rate (the weight ratio of potato blocks with the weight of single potato being more than 150 g).

Example 3-2

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 3-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in example 3-2 was 25. Mu.L/kg, whereas the amount of trans-anisole used in example 3-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Examples 3 to 3

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 3-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in example 3-3 was 35. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 3-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 3-1

The comparative example provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds substantially as in example 3-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in comparative example 3-1 was 0. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 3-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 3-2

The present comparative example provides a method for germination acceleration of potato seeds, comprising the steps of: selecting M16-3-4 stock of 100d after harvest, and weighing single potato>Placing 10g of stock seeds in plastic baskets with holes, placing 2kg of potato blocks (about 150 grains) in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; soaking potato blocks with gibberellin of 20mg/L for 30min, airing, putting the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is of a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, putting the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing for 5d, and then opening. After 5d (i.e. 10 days after treatment), 8 potato pieces were randomly selected from each basket, and the sprout length and sprout diameter were measured. Sowing in a field after one week, wherein the ridge length is 4.0m, the ridge distance is 0.9m, the ridge distance is 1, the rows are 36 nest, the plant distance is 22cm, and the cell area is 14.4m ² The 4 ridges are 1 cell, the yield is measured according to the weighing of the cells 100 days after sowing, the yield is converted into mu yield, and the commodity rate (single potato weight) is calculated>150g of potato pieces by weight).

The results of the bud length, bud diameter, yield and commodity rate of examples 3-1, 3-2, 3-3, 3-1 and 3-2 are shown in Table 4. The germination patterns of the M16-3-4 stock of example 3-2, comparative example 3-1 and comparative example 3-2 10d after the treatment are shown in FIG. 3. The actual graphs of the field seedlings of the M16-3-4 stock seeds of the example 3-2, the comparative example 3-1 and the comparative example 3-2 after sowing for 25 days are shown in FIG. 4; a physical map of the field emergence of 50d after the sowing of the M16-3-4 stock seeds of example 3-2, comparative example 3-1 and comparative example 3-2 is shown in FIG. 5.

TABLE 4 measurement results after stock treatment of M16-3-4

As is clear from FIG. 3, example 3-2 showed better germination uniformity and stronger sprouting than comparative examples 3-1 and 3-2 (gibberellin treatment). As can be seen from Table 4, the bud length, bud diameter and yield of the potato blocks of examples 3-1, 3-2 and 3-3 are higher than those of comparative examples 3-1 and 3-2, more specifically, the bud length and bud diameter of example 3-2 (the amount of trans-anisole is 25. Mu.L/kg) are optimal, the bud length of example 3-2 is increased by 75.57% compared with comparative example 3-1, and the bud diameter of example 3-2 is increased by 64.73% compared with comparative example 3-1; the bud length of example 3-2 was increased by 47.44% over comparative example 3-2, and the bud diameter of example 3-2 was increased by 34.02% over comparative example 3-2; the yield of example 3-2 was increased by 33.69% compared to comparative example 3-1, and the yield of example 3-2 was increased by 10.74% compared to comparative example 3-2.

From fig. 4 to 5, it is known that, since the trans-anisole treated potato blocks sprout more neatly and more robustly, the field alignment time of example 3-2 is much earlier than that of comparative example 3-1 and comparative example 3-2, the early emergence of seedlings is favorable for resisting the damage of field flooding caused by continuous rainfall in autumn, while the comparative example 3-1 is favorable for the potato blocks not to emerge in time, the sown potato blocks decay under high temperature and high humidity, and the seedlings are lack in different degrees in the field.

Therefore, trans-anisole is adopted to treat the long dormancy stage of the autonomous breeding strain M16-3-4 stock (potato blocks are at the end of dormancy), wherein the ratio of the volume of the trans-anisole to the mass of potato tubers is 15-35 mu L/kg, so that the germination uniformity is better, the grown buds are more robust, the seedling alignment time is advanced, and the yield is improved.

4. Effect of small potato blocks (with bud eye in white-bud length 3 mm) of original seed of 13 # Chuanliang taro as a medium dormant variety

The seed potatoes, the stock seeds and the germination accelerating difficulty of the stock seeds of the same variety are sequentially increased in production, and the seed potatoes are the potato pieces of the stock seed grade, the germination of the small potato pieces with small single potato weight is later than that of the big potato pieces with high single potato weight, namely the germination accelerating difficulty of the small potato pieces is larger than that of the big potato pieces. The original seeds generally require that the weight of the single potato is more than 2g, and less than 2g is ineffective potato. Therefore, the example 4-1, the example 4-2, the comparative example 4-2 and the comparative example 4-2 adopt the small potato blocks (the weight of single potato is 2-3 g) of the original seed of the Sichuan purple yam 13 which is a medium dormancy variety.

Example 4-1

The embodiment provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting a medium dormancy variety Sichuan-Liang taro No. 13 original seed (potato block bud eyes are white, the bud length is 3mm, and single potato blocks only germinate), placing original seed small potato with single potato weight of 2-3 g in a perforated plastic basket, placing 2kg potato blocks in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; preparing a glass bottle with the diameter of 2cm and the height of 4cm, placing a cotton ball at the inner bottom of the glass bottle, sucking trans-anisole by a liquid transfer device, dripping the trans-anisole on the cotton ball, placing the bottle beside a plastic basket with the dosage of 35 mu L/kg, placing the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, placing the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 3d, and then opening to clean the glass bottle. And after 7d, randomly selecting 30 grains from each basket, counting germination rate, selecting 8 potato blocks, and measuring bud length and bud diameter. After statistics, 18 potato blocks are randomly selected from the treatment, and 1 pot is carried out on 1 pot, and 6 pots are repeated.

Example 4-2

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 4-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in example 4-2 was 75. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 4-1 was 35. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 4-1

The comparative example provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds substantially as in example 4-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in comparative example 4-1 was 0. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 4-1 was 35. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 4-2

The present comparative example provides a method for germination acceleration of potato seeds, comprising the steps of: selecting a medium dormancy variety Sichuan-Liang taro No. 13 original seed (potato block bud eyes are white, the bud length is 3mm, and single potato blocks only germinate), placing original seed small potato with single potato weight of 2-3 g in a perforated plastic basket, placing 2kg potato blocks in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; soaking potato blocks with gibberellin of 20mg/L for 30min, airing, putting the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is of a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, putting the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 3d, and then opening. And after 7d, randomly selecting 30 grains from each basket, counting germination rate, selecting 8 potato blocks, and measuring bud length and bud diameter. After statistics, 18 potato blocks are randomly selected from the treatment, and 1 pot is carried out on 1 pot, and 6 pots are repeated.

The results of the germination percentage, the bud length, the bud diameter, the time required for seedling alignment, and the yield of example 4-1, example 4-2, comparative example 4-1, and comparative example 4-2 are shown in Table 5. The germination patterns of 10d of the Sichuan Liang taro No. 13 stock seed small potato pieces of examples 4-1, 4-2, 4-1 and 4-2 after treatment are shown in FIG. 6.

TABLE 5 measurement results of Sichuan Liangyou No. 13 original seed Small potato pieces

Group of	Germination percentage (%)	Bud length (mm)	Bud diameter (mm)	Time for seedling alignment (d)	Yield (g/6 strain)
						Example 4-1	100.00	6.97±1.28	2.80±0.32	12.67±0.58	1607.67±102.21
Example 4-2	97.78±3.85	5.30±1.23	2.67±0.31	14.33±2.08	1500.70±96.77
						Comparative example 4-1	48.89±6.94	5.29±4.69	0.88±0.30	33.00±2.00	1202.87±160.17
Comparative example 4-2	100.00	21.34±5.80	1.36±0.18	10.00±1.00	1535.10±121.45

As is clear from FIG. 6, in examples 4-1 and 4-2, the sprouting uniformity and the robustness were remarkably improved, while in comparative example 4-1, the sprouts were irregular, had a length of 10mm even when they were just white, and in comparative example 4-2 (gibberellin treatment), the sprouts were overgrown and elongated, and the sprouts were easily broken at the time of sowing.

As is clear from Table 5, the germination rate of the potato pieces of comparative example 4-1 was 48.89%, and the bud length between the potato pieces was large; the bud length, bud diameter, germination rate, shoot alignment time and yield of example 4-1 (35. Mu.L/kg of trans-anisole) were all optimal, and especially the bud diameter of example 4-1 was 105.88% higher than that of comparative example 4-2, which indicated that the buds of example 4-1 were more robust, and therefore the problem of slender and thin buds caused by gibberellin germination could be avoided by using 35. Mu.L/kg of trans-anisole. After simultaneous sowing, the seedling alignment time of example 4-1 was about 12 days, which was much lower than that of comparative example 4-1 by 33 days. Since the more robust the shoots, the earlier emergence of seedlings is more favorable for the utilization of the plant for the photothermal resources and accumulation of tuber material, the yield of example 4-1 is increased by 31.65% compared to comparative example 4-1, and the yield of example 4-1 is increased by 4.73% compared to comparative example 4-2.

In conclusion, trans-anisole is adopted to treat a stock seed small potato block of a Chinese-dormant variety Chuanliang 13 (the bud eye of the potato block is in a state of white exposure to the bud length of 3 mm), wherein the ratio of the volume of the trans-anisole to the mass of the potato tuber is 35-75 mu L/kg, so that the germination rate is higher, the germination uniformity is better, the grown buds are more robust, the seedling time is shortened, and the yield is improved.

5. Effect of small potato blocks (with bud eye in white-bud length 3 mm) of original seed of Sichuan-Liang taro No. 14, which is a medium dormant variety

Example 5-1

The embodiment provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting a medium dormancy variety Sichuan yam No. 14 original seed (potato bud eyes are exposed to white and bud length is 3mm, and single potato buds only germinate) of 100d after harvest, placing small original seed potato with single potato weight of 2-3 g in a plastic basket with holes, placing 2kg potato pieces in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; preparing a glass bottle with the diameter of 2cm and the height of 4cm, placing a cotton ball at the inner bottom of the glass bottle, sucking trans-anisole by a liquid transfer device, dripping the trans-anisole on the cotton ball, placing the bottle beside a plastic basket with the dosage of 35 mu L/kg, placing the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, placing the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 3d, and then opening to clean the glass bottle. And after 7d, randomly selecting 30 grains from each basket, counting germination rate, selecting 8 potato blocks, and measuring bud length and bud diameter. After statistics, 18 potato blocks are randomly selected from the treatment, and 1 pot is carried out on 1 pot, and 6 pots are repeated.

Example 5-2

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 5-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in example 5-2 was 75. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 5-1 was 35. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 5-1

The comparative example provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds substantially as in example 5-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in comparative example 5-1 was 0. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 5-1 was 35. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 5-2

The present comparative example provides a method for germination acceleration of potato seeds, comprising the steps of: selecting a medium dormancy variety Sichuan yam No. 14 original seed (potato block bud eye is white, bud length is 3mm, single potato block only sproutes) of 100d after harvest, placing original seed small potato with single potato weight of 2-3 g into a plastic basket with holes, placing 2kg potato block in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; soaking potato blocks with gibberellin of 20mg/L for 30min, airing, putting the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is of a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, putting the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 3d, and then opening. And after 7d, randomly selecting 30 grains from each basket, counting germination rate, selecting 8 potato blocks, and measuring bud length and bud diameter. After statistics, 18 potato blocks are randomly selected from the treatment, and 1 pot is carried out on 1 pot, and 6 pots are repeated.

The results of the germination percentage, the bud length, the bud diameter, the time required for seedling alignment, and the yield of examples 5-1, 5-2, comparative example 5-1, and comparative example 5-2 are shown in Table 6. The germination patterns of 10d of the Sichuan Liang taro No. 14 stock seed small potato pieces of examples 5-1, 5-2, 5-1 and 5-2 after treatment are shown in FIG. 7.

Table 6 measurement results of Dioscorea Panthaica Prain et Burkill No. 14 original seed Small potato pieces

Group of	Germination percentage (%)	Bud length (mm)	Bud diameter (mm)	Time for seedling alignment (d)	Yield (g/6 strain)
						Example 5-1	100.00	7.80±0.78	2.39±0.24	11.00±1.73	1757.07±131.51
Example 5-2	100.00	6.43±0.77	2.40±0.43	12.33±2.52	1510.30±85.40
						Comparative example 5-1	61.11±10.18	3.58±2.18	0.81±0.35	26.00±3.61	1188.90±152.52
Comparative example 5-2	100.00	21.76±3.21	1.24±0.17	9.33±2.08	1304.83±159.36

As is clear from FIG. 7, in examples 5-1 and 5-2, the sprouting uniformity and the robustness were remarkably improved, while in comparative example 5-1, the sprouts were irregular, had a length of 5mm even when they were just white, and in comparative example 5-2 (gibberellin treatment), the sprouts were overgrown and elongated, and the sprouts were easily broken at the time of sowing.

As is clear from Table 6, the germination rate of the potato pieces of comparative example 5-1 was only 61.11%, the bud length between the potato pieces was large in amplitude, and the bud length of the potato pieces of comparative example 5-2 was three times or more than that of the potato pieces of examples 5-1 and 5-2, but the diameter of the potato pieces of comparative example 5-2 was smaller than that of the potato pieces of examples 5-1 and 5-2. The bud length, bud diameter, germination rate, shoot alignment time, yield were all optimal for example 5-1 (35. Mu.L/kg of trans-anisole), and especially the bud diameter for example 5-1 was 93.55% higher than for comparative example 5-2, indicating that the bud of example 5-1 was more robust. The time for the seedlings to be leveled in example 5-1 after the simultaneous sowing was about 11 days, which was much lower than that for comparative example 5-1 by 26 days. Since the stronger the buds, the earlier emergence of seedlings is more favorable for the utilization of the light and heat resources and accumulation of tuber substances, the yield of example 5-1 is increased by 47.79% compared with comparative example 5-1, and the yield of example 5-1 is increased by 34.66% compared with comparative example 5-2.

In conclusion, trans-anisole is adopted to treat original seed small potato blocks (the bud eyes of the potato blocks are in a state of white exposure to the bud length of 3 mm) of a Chinese-medicinal plant No. 14 of a medium dormant variety, wherein the ratio of the volume of the trans-anisole to the mass of potato tubers is 35-75 mu L/kg, so that the germination rate is higher, the germination uniformity is better, the grown buds are more robust, the seedling alignment time is advanced, and the yield is improved.

6. Effect on small potato blocks (white potato block bud eyes) of original seed of Lishi 6 of medium dormant variety

Example 6-1

The embodiment provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting a medium dormant variety Lishu No. 6 original seed (potato block bud eye is in white state) 100d after harvest, placing small original seed potato with single potato weight of 2-3 g into a plastic basket with holes, placing 2kg potato blocks in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; preparing a glass bottle with the diameter of 2cm and the height of 4cm, placing a cotton ball at the inner bottom of the glass bottle, sucking trans-anisole by a liquid transfer device, dripping the trans-anisole on the cotton ball, placing the bottle beside a plastic basket with the dosage of 35 mu L/kg, placing the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, placing the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 3d, and then opening to clean the glass bottle. And after 7d, randomly selecting 30 grains from each basket, counting germination rate, selecting 8 potato blocks, and measuring bud length and bud diameter. After statistics, 18 potato blocks are randomly selected from the treatment, and 1 pot is carried out on 1 pot, and 6 pots are repeated.

Example 6-2

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 6-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in example 6-2 was 75. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 6-1 was 35. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 6-1

The comparative example provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds substantially as in example 6-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in comparative example 6-1 was 0. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 6-1 was 35. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 6-2

The present comparative example provides a method for germination acceleration of potato seeds, comprising the steps of: selecting a medium dormant variety Lishu No. 6 original seed (potato block bud eye is in white state) 100d after harvest, placing small original seed potato with single potato weight of 2-3 g into a plastic basket with holes, placing 2kg potato blocks in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; soaking potato blocks with gibberellin of 20mg/L for 30min, airing, putting the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is of a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, putting the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 3d, and then opening. And after 7d, randomly selecting 30 grains from each basket, counting germination rate, selecting 8 potato blocks, and measuring bud length and bud diameter. After statistics, 18 potato blocks are randomly selected from the treatment, and 1 pot is carried out on 1 pot, and 6 pots are repeated.

The results of the germination percentage, the bud length, the bud diameter, the time required for seedling alignment, and the yield of example 6-1, example 6-2, comparative example 6-1, and comparative example 6-2 are shown in Table 7. The germination patterns of the Lishi 6 original seed small potato pieces of example 6-1, comparative example 6-1 and comparative example 6-2 after treatment for 10d are shown in FIG. 8.

Table 7 measurement results of Lishu No. 6 original seed small potato pieces after treatment

Group of	Germination percentage (%)	Bud length (mm)	Bud diameter (mm)	Time for seedling alignment (d)	Yield (g/6 strain)
						Example 6-1	100.00	13.20±2.96	2.48±0.24	11.67±1.53	1778.54±177.99
Example 6-2	100.00	8.08±0.68	3.23±0.34	14.00±1.73	1708.85±87.64
						Comparative example 6-1	53.33±8.82	3.08±1.69	0.76±0.15	27.33±2.52	1220.96±129.08
Comparative example 6-2	100.00	26.88±6.98	1.93±0.28	7.67±1.15	1574.40±74.05

As is clear from FIG. 8, example 6-1 significantly improved the germination uniformity and the robustness, while the potato pieces of comparative example 6-1 had shorter sprouts, the sprouts were not equal to Bai mm in length immediately after exposure, and the germination uniformity was improved by comparative example 6-2 (gibberellin treatment), but the sprouts were rapidly grown and elongated, and the sprouts were unfavorable for sowing.

As is clear from Table 7, the germination rate of the potato pieces of comparative example 6-1 was only 53.33%, the bud length between the potato pieces was large, and the bud length of the potato pieces of comparative example 6-2 was 2 times or more than that of the potato pieces of example 6-1 and example 6-2, but the diameters of the potato pieces of comparative example 6-2 were smaller than those of the potato pieces of example 6-1 and example 6-2, more specifically, the bud diameters of the potato pieces of example 6-1 and example 6-2 were 28.50% and 67.36% higher than those of the potato pieces of comparative example 6-2, respectively. The bud length, bud diameter, germination rate, shoot alignment time and yield of example 6-1 (35. Mu.L/kg of trans-anisole) were similar to those of example 6-2 (75. Mu.L/kg of trans-anisole), indicating that the buds of example 6-1 and example 6-2 were robust. After simultaneous sowing, the seedling alignment time of example 6-1 was about 12 days, which was far less than that of comparative example 6-1 by 28 days. Since the stronger the buds, the earlier the seedlings, which are more favorable for the utilization of the plant for the photothermal resource and accumulation of tuber material, the yield of example 6-1 was increased by 45.67% as compared with comparative example 6-1, and the yield of example 6-1 was increased by 12.97% as compared with comparative example 6-2.

In conclusion, trans-anisole is adopted to treat original seed small potato blocks (the eyes of potato blocks are exposed) of a variety of the intermediate dormant Lishi 6, wherein the ratio of the volume of the trans-anisole to the mass of potato tubers is 35-75 mu L/kg, so that the germination rate is higher, the germination uniformity is better, the grown buds are stronger, the seedling time is shortened, and the yield is improved.

7. Effect on short dormancy variety of Ferreoit stock (potato block in moderate dormancy stage)

Example 7-1

The embodiment provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting about 30d after harvest of the raw seeds of the Fei-Wu Rui-Tata (the potato blocks are in a moderate dormancy period), placing the raw seeds with the weight of 30-50 g of single potato in a perforated plastic basket, placing 20kg of potato blocks in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; preparing a plastic lifting cage with holes, wherein the diameter of the plastic lifting cage is 5cm, the height of the plastic lifting cage is 6cm, a group of cotton is placed in the plastic lifting cage, trans-anisole is sucked by a liquid transfer device and is dripped on the cotton, the dosage of the trans-anisole is 15 mu L/kg, the plastic lifting cage is placed in a plastic basket, the plastic basket is placed in a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size which can seal the basket), the plastic bag is sealed, the plastic bag is placed on an indoor frame, the indoor temperature is kept at 22-25 ℃, and the plastic bag is opened after being fumigated in a sealed manner for 3 days. And (5) after the mixture is placed for 12 days, observing and counting the germination condition. Uniformly sowing potato blocks in a field after 10 days, wherein the ridge length is 3.0m, the ridge distance is 1m,1 ridge is double-row, the plant distance is 25cm,1 ridge is 24 pits, 4 ridges are 1 cell, and the area is 12m ² After maturation, measuring the yield according to the district and converting the yield into muAnd (5) producing.

Example 7-2

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 7-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in example 7-2 was 35. Mu.L/kg, whereas the amount of trans-anisole used in example 7-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 7-1

The comparative example provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds substantially as in example 7-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in comparative example 7-1 was 0. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 7-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 7-2

The present comparative example provides a method for germination acceleration of potato seeds, comprising the steps of: selecting about 30d after harvest of the raw seeds of the Fei-Wu Rui-Tata (the potato blocks are in a moderate dormancy period), placing the raw seeds with the weight of 30-50 g of single potato in a perforated plastic basket, placing 20kg of potato blocks in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; soaking potato blocks with gibberellin of 20mg/L for 30min, airing, putting the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is of a size which can seal the basket), sealing the plastic bag, putting the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 3d, and then opening. And (5) after the mixture is placed for 12 days, observing and counting the germination condition. Uniformly sowing potato blocks in a field after 10 days, wherein the ridge length is 3.0m, the ridge distance is 1m,1 ridge is double-row, the plant distance is 25cm,1 ridge is 24 pits, 4 ridges are 1 cell, and the area is 12m ² After maturation, measuring the yield according to the district and converting into mu yield.

Comparative examples 7 to 3

The present comparative example provides a method for germination acceleration of potato seeds, comprising the steps of: selecting about 30d after harvest of the raw seeds of the Fei-Wu Rui-Tata (the potato blocks are in a moderate dormancy period), placing the raw seeds with the weight of 30-50 g of single potato in a perforated plastic basket, placing 20kg of potato blocks in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; preparing a plastic cage with holes with diameter of 5cm and height of 6cm, placing cotton in the cage, and sucking ethylene (pH>5.4 Dripping on cotton, wherein the ratio of ethylene volume to potato tuber mass is 0.5mL/kg, placing the lifting basket into a plastic basket, placing the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in the size of sealing basket),and (3) sealing the plastic bag, placing the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 3d, and then opening the plastic bag. And (5) after the mixture is placed for 12 days, observing and counting the germination condition. Uniformly sowing potato blocks in a field after 10 days, wherein the ridge length is 3.0m, the ridge distance is 1m,1 ridge is double-row, the plant distance is 25cm,1 ridge is 24 pits, 4 ridges are 1 cell, and the area is 12m ² After maturation, measuring the yield according to the district and converting into mu yield.

The germination conditions and yield results of examples 7-1, 7-2, comparative example 7-1, comparative example 7-2, and comparative example 7-3 are shown in Table 8. The morphology of germination of the F.sub.Heterol stock 15d of example 7-2 is shown in FIG. 9; the germination patterns of example 7-1, example 7-2, comparative example 7-1, comparative example 7-2, and comparative example 7-3 after treatment of the februretan stock 15d are shown in FIG. 10.

TABLE 8 germination and yield results for Fei-Wu-Rui-Taq stock

Group of	Germination conditions	Yield (kg/667 m) 2 )
			Example 7-1	90% of sprouts, single potato blocks sprout with multiple sprouts, and the length of each sprout is 2-10 mm	2026.01
Example 7-2	95% sprouting, single potato block sprouting with multiple buds, and bud length of 5-10 mm	2167.75
			Comparative example 7-1	Unexplosive	1882.42
Comparative example 7-2	40% of sprouts, individual potato sprouts are 5mm long	1999.15
			Comparative examples 7 to 3	80% of the buds germinate, only the terminal buds germinate, and the bud length is 2-10 mm	1925.96

As can be seen from Table 8, FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, comparative example 7-1 did not sprout; about 40% of the potato pieces of comparative example 7-2 were germinated, and the individual potato pieces were 5mm long; the potato blocks in the comparative example 7-3 have 80% germination, but only terminal buds germinate, the bud length is 2-10 mm, and the top end advantage is obvious; example 7-1 potato pieces have 90% sprouting, single potato pieces sprout with multiple buds, and the bud length is 2-10 mm; example 7-2 potato pieces were germinated at 95% and single potato pieces were germinated with multiple buds of 5-10 mm in length. Therefore, the germination accelerating effect of the trans-anisole is better than that of gibberellin and ethylene, and the trans-anisole is convenient to use and at least 15 days earlier than gibberellin treatment. Meanwhile, the trans-anisole has the function of breaking the top end advantage and promoting the simultaneous germination of a plurality of buds of the same potato block. The yield results showed that the yield of example 7-2 was highest, the yield of example 7-2 was increased by 15.16% over comparative example 7-1, the yield of example 7-2 was increased by 8.43% over comparative example 7-2, and the yield of example 7-2 was increased by 12.55% over comparative example 7-3.

In conclusion, the trans-anisole is adopted to treat the short dormancy variety of the fei-wu-rui original seed (the potato block is in the medium dormancy period), wherein the ratio of the volume of the trans-anisole to the mass of the potato tuber is 15-35 mu L/kg, the germination can be obviously promoted, the top end advantage is broken, the simultaneous germination of a plurality of buds of the same potato block is promoted, and the yield can be improved.

8. Effect on long dormancy variety of Qingshu potato No. 9 stock (potato block between deep dormancy and medium dormancy)

Example 8-1

The embodiment provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting a green potato No. 9 stock seed (potato blocks are in a deep dormancy stage-a medium dormancy stage) about 30d after harvesting, placing the stock seed with the single potato weight of 30-50 g into a perforated plastic basket, placing 20kg of potato blocks in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; preparing a plastic lifting cage with holes, wherein the diameter of the plastic lifting cage is 5cm, the height of the plastic lifting cage is 6cm, a group of cotton is placed in the plastic lifting cage, trans-anisole is sucked by a liquid transfer device and is dripped on the cotton, the dosage of the trans-anisole is 15 mu L/kg, the plastic lifting cage is placed in a plastic basket, the plastic basket is placed in a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size which can seal the basket), the plastic bag is sealed, the plastic bag is placed on an indoor frame, the indoor temperature is kept at 22-25 ℃, and the plastic bag is opened after being fumigated in a sealed manner for 3 days. And (5) after the mixture is placed for 12 days, observing and counting the germination condition. Uniformly sowing potato blocks in a field after 10 days, wherein the ridge length is 3.0m, the ridge distance is 1m,1 ridge is double-row, the plant distance is 25cm,1 ridge is 24 pits, 4 ridges are 1 cell, and the area is 12m ² After maturation, measuring the yield according to the district and converting into mu yield.

Example 8-2

The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds provided in this example is basically the same as that in example 8-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in example 8-2 was 35. Mu.L/kg, whereas the amount of trans-anisole used in example 8-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 8-1

The comparative example provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds substantially as in example 8-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in comparative example 8-1 was 0. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 8-1 was 15. Mu.L/kg.

Comparative example 8-2

The present comparative example provides a method for germination acceleration of potato seeds, comprising the steps of: selecting a green potato No. 9 stock seed (potato blocks are in a deep dormancy stage-a medium dormancy stage) about 30d after harvesting, placing the stock seed with the single potato weight of 30-50 g into a perforated plastic basket, placing 20kg of potato blocks in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; soaking potato blocks with gibberellin 20mg/L for 30min, air drying, placing into plastic bag (with size of plastic bag being suitable for sealing basket), sealing, and placing on indoor shelfThe indoor temperature is kept between 22 and 25 ℃, and the indoor temperature is opened after closed fumigation for 3 days. And (5) after the mixture is placed for 12 days, observing and counting the germination condition. Uniformly sowing potato blocks in a field after 10 days, wherein the ridge length is 3.0m, the ridge distance is 1m,1 ridge is double-row, the plant distance is 25cm,1 ridge is 24 pits, 4 ridges are 1 cell, and the area is 12m ² After maturation, measuring the yield according to the district and converting into mu yield.

Comparative examples 8 to 3

The present comparative example provides a method for germination acceleration of potato seeds, comprising the steps of: selecting a green potato No. 9 stock seed (potato blocks are in a deep dormancy stage-a medium dormancy stage) about 30d after harvesting, placing the stock seed with the single potato weight of 30-50 g into a perforated plastic basket, placing 20kg of potato blocks in each basket, and treating 3 baskets; preparing a plastic cage with holes with diameter of 5cm and height of 6cm, placing cotton in the cage, and sucking ethylene (pH>5.4 Dropping on cotton, putting the lifting basket into a plastic basket with the ratio of the volume of ethylene to the mass of potato tubers being 0.5mL/kg, putting the basket into a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size of being capable of sealing the basket), sealing the plastic bag, putting the plastic bag on an indoor frame, keeping the indoor temperature at 22-25 ℃, sealing and fumigating for 3d, and then opening. And (5) after the mixture is placed for 12 days, observing and counting the germination condition. Uniformly sowing potato blocks in a field after 10 days, wherein the ridge length is 3.0m, the ridge distance is 1m,1 ridge is double-row, the plant distance is 25cm,1 ridge is 24 pits, 4 ridges are 1 cell, and the area is 12m ² After maturation, measuring the yield according to the district and converting into mu yield.

The germination conditions and yield results of examples 8-1, 8-2, comparative example 8-1, comparative example 8-2, and comparative example 8-3 are shown in Table 9. The germination patterns of the green potatoes No. 9 stock seed of example 8-1, example 8-2, comparative example 8-1, comparative example 8-2 and comparative example 8-3 after 15d treatment are shown in FIG. 11.

TABLE 9 germination and yield results for Qingshu No. 9 stock

Group of	Germination conditions	Yield (kg/667 m) 2 )
			Example 8-1	40% sprouting, single potato block sprouting with multiple buds, and bud length of 1-2 mm	1173.92
Example 8-2	45% of the potato blocks germinate, multiple buds of a single potato block germinate, and the bud length is 1-2 mm	1310.66
			Comparative example 8-1	Unexplosive	750.38
Comparative example 8-2	Unexplosive	980.49
			Comparative examples 8 to 3	10% dew white	973.82

As can be seen from Table 9 and FIG. 11, neither potato pieces of comparative example 8-1 (blank control) nor comparative example 8-2 (gibberellin treatment) were germinated after 15d treatment, nor bud eyes were whitened; about 10% of the potato pieces of comparative examples 8 to 3 (ethylene-treated) showed white eye exposure, and no bud growth was observed; the potato pieces of example 8-1 (15. Mu.L/kg trans-anisole treatment) were germinated about 40%, and the individual potato pieces were germinated with multiple buds of 1-2 mm in length; the potato pieces of example 8-2 (35. Mu.L/kg of trans-anisole treatment) were germinated about 45% and the individual potato pieces were germinated with multiple buds 1 to 2mm in length, so that the effect of treatment with trans-anisole was significantly better than that of gibberellin and ethylene for the long dormant variety, qinghai potato No. 9, where dormancy of tubers was more difficult to remove artificially, and trans-anisole also showed an effect of promoting germination of multiple buds of the same potato piece. In addition, as the potato blocks with long dormancy period and deep dormancy of the green potato No. 9 are difficult to be manually released in dormancy period, more than 50% of blank control, gibberellin and ethylene are still in dormancy period during sowing, so that seedlings emerge late, while trans-anisole promotes tuber germination, the seedlings emerge less, so that the seedling emergence time is later than that of a variety of Favorita which is easy to release dormancy, and the final yield is lower.

The emergence rate of the green potato No. 9 of the comparative example 8-1 is 55 percent, the plant height is 20cm after 40d field measurement, and the emergence rate of the example 8-1 and the example 8-2 is 100 percent, and the plant height is 30-40 cm. As the plant is planted in autumn, the temperature in the middle and later stages is quickly reduced, the early emergence of seedlings is convenient for the plant growth by utilizing the photo-thermal resources in the early and middle stages, and the obvious difference of the emergence stages leads to obvious difference of the final yield. More specifically, the yield of the potato pieces of example 8-2 was highest, the yield of example 8-2 was increased by 75.67% compared to comparative example 8-1, the yield of example 8-2 was increased by 33.67% compared to comparative example 8-2, and the yield of example 8-2 was increased by 11.65% compared to comparative example 8-3.

In conclusion, trans-anisole is adopted to treat the long-dormancy variety of the original seed of the green potato No. 9 (the potato blocks are in a deep dormancy-medium dormancy period), wherein the ratio of the volume of the trans-anisole to the mass of the potato tubers is 15-35 mu L/kg, the germination can be obviously promoted, the effect of simultaneously germinating a plurality of buds of the same potato block can be promoted, and the yield can be improved.

9. Effect of the intermediate dormant variety Mian purple yam No. 1 cut seed potato (potato bud eye starts to sprout with white)

The potato blocks are stored in a refrigeration house at 4 ℃ according to the production mode after being harvested to prolong the dormancy period, and are taken out of the refrigeration house after 90d, and the room temperature is 9-13 ℃. After the purple sweet potato No. 1 potato blocks are placed indoors for 20 days, white bud exposure is started.

Example 9-1

The embodiment provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting a middle dormancy variety purple sweet potato No. 1 potato block (potato block bud eyes start to sprout with white), longitudinally cutting potato blocks with single potato weight of 100-150 g into perforated plastic baskets, placing 4-5 kg potato blocks in each basket, and treating 6 baskets; preparing a plastic lifting cage with holes, wherein the diameter of the plastic lifting cage is 5cm, the height of the plastic lifting cage is 6cm, a group of cotton is placed in the plastic lifting cage, trans-anisole is sucked by a liquid transfer device and is dripped on the cotton, the dosage of the trans-anisole is 35 mu L/kg, the plastic lifting cage is placed in a plastic basket, the plastic basket is placed in a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size which can seal the basket), the plastic bag is sealed, the plastic bag is placed on an indoor frame, the indoor temperature is kept at 9-13 ℃, and the plastic bag is opened after being sealed and fumigated for 7d to observe the germination condition.

Comparative example 9-1

The comparative example provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds substantially as in example 9-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in comparative example 9-1 was 0. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 9-1 was 35. Mu.L/kg.

The germination patterns of the cut seed potatoes of example 9-1 and comparative example 9-1, 7d after the treatment, are shown in FIG. 12. As shown in FIG. 12, more than 90% of the cut buds of example 9-1 grow 1-2 cm in the eye area, whereas the buds of comparative example 9-1 grow only 1-2 mm or do not sprout yet. Therefore, the trans-anisole is adopted to treat the tuber 1 cut tuber of the medium dormant variety purple yam (the bud eyes of the tuber start to sprout with white, so as to obviously promote the germination.

10. Effect on the seed potato (the bud eye of the potato block starts to sprout when white) of the tuber 1 cut tuber of the middle dormant variety

The potato blocks are stored in a refrigeration house at 4 ℃ according to the production mode after being harvested to prolong the dormancy period, and are taken out of the refrigeration house after 90d, and the room temperature is 9-13 ℃. After 20d indoor, the bud eyes of the sweet potato No. 1 potato blocks start to sprout with white, and a small quantity of potato blocks grow 2-3 mm buds.

Example 10-1

The embodiment provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds, which comprises the following steps: selecting a sweet potato No. 1 potato block of a medium dormancy variety (white germination starts from potato block eyes), half-and-half cutting the potato blocks with the weight of 100-150 g into plastic baskets with holes, placing 4-5 kg of potato blocks into each basket, and treating 6 baskets; preparing a plastic lifting cage with holes, wherein the diameter of the plastic lifting cage is 5cm, the height of the plastic lifting cage is 6cm, a group of cotton is placed in the plastic lifting cage, trans-anisole is sucked by a liquid transfer device and is dripped on the cotton, the dosage of the trans-anisole is 35 mu L/kg, the plastic lifting cage is placed in a plastic basket, the plastic basket is placed in a plastic bag (the plastic bag is in a size which can seal the basket), the plastic bag is sealed, the plastic bag is placed on an indoor frame, the indoor temperature is kept at 9-13 ℃, and the plastic bag is opened after being sealed and fumigated for 7d to observe the germination condition.

Comparative example 10-1

The comparative example provides a method for accelerating germination of potato seeds substantially as in example 10-1, except that: the amount of trans-anisole used in comparative example 10-1 was 0. Mu.L/kg, and that in example 10-1 was 35. Mu.L/kg.

The germination patterns of the treated cut seed potatoes of the cotton yam No. 1 of example 10-1 and comparative example 10-1 are shown in FIG. 13. As shown in FIG. 13, more than 90% of the cut buds of example 10-1 grow 1-2 cm at the eyes of the cut buds and promote rooting at the bottoms of the buds, while the comparative example 10-1 showed irregular germination, some had no buds, some had only 1-2 mm buds, and none had rooting. Therefore, the trans-anisole is adopted to treat the No. 1 cut tuber of the medium dormant variety of the sweet potato (the bud eyes of the tuber start to sprout with white, thereby obviously promoting the germination and rooting.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for accelerating germination of seed potatoes, comprising the steps of: and fumigating potato tubers, wherein a fumigant used in the fumigating treatment is trans-anisole.

2. The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the volume of trans-anisole to the mass of the potato tubers is 15 to 75 μl/kg.

3. A method for the germination acceleration of potato seeds according to claim 2, characterized in, that the ratio of the volume of trans-anisole to the mass of the potato tubers is 15-35 μl/kg.

4. A method for the pregermination of potato seeds as claimed in claim 1, comprising subjecting said potato tubers to fumigation treatment in a closed environment for 3 to 7 days.

5. A method for the pregermination of potato seeds as claimed in claim 1, comprising performing said fumigation treatment at 9-25 ℃.

6. The method for germination acceleration of potato seeds of claim 1, further comprising selecting the grade of the potato tubers prior to the fumigation treatment: selecting original seed grade potato blocks, original seed grade potato blocks or seed grade potato blocks.

7. The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds of claim 6, wherein said fumigation treatment is performed with said stock grade potato pieces remaining in whole potato shape.

8. The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds according to claim 6, wherein said fumigation treatment is performed by maintaining the whole potato shape of said raw seed grade potato pieces having a weight of from 20 to 50g of single potato or said seed grade potato pieces having a weight of from 20 to 50g of single potato.

9. The method for accelerating germination of potato seeds according to claim 6, characterized in that said fumigation treatment is carried out after cutting the potato seed having a weight of more than 50g of said original seed grade potato pieces or the potato seed grade potato pieces having a weight of more than 50g of said seed grade potato pieces, in air.

10. A method for accelerating germination of potato seeds according to claim 1, comprising taking a plurality of containers, placing a carrier material in said containers, and dropping said trans-anisole onto said carrier material, wherein the trans-anisole content in any one of said containers is not more than 1mL.

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