CN108083348A - 一种壳核结构的三元正极材料前驱体 - Google Patents
一种壳核结构的三元正极材料前驱体 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical group [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- UUCGKVQSSPTLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-J cobalt(2+);nickel(2+);tetrahydroxide Chemical group [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Co+2].[Ni+2] UUCGKVQSSPTLOY-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H cobalt(2+);manganese(2+);nickel(2+);hexahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2] SEVNKUSLDMZOTL-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 17
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Mn].[Co].[Ni] KFDQGLPGKXUTMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000536 complexating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CGYAAZGZXOWPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium nickel(2+) carbonate Chemical compound [Ni+2].C([O-])([O-])=O.[Li+] CGYAAZGZXOWPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种壳核结构的三元正极材料前驱体,所述三元正极材料前驱体的核结构为镍钴氢氧化物,壳结构为镍钴铝氢氧化物或镍钴锰氢氧化物,所述核结构中镍质量为三元正极材料前驱体中总镍质量的5%‑80%,所述核结构中钴质量为三元正极材料前驱体中总钴质量的5%‑80%。本发明能够有效提高前驱体的振实密度和颗粒的球形度。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于锂离子电池正极材料技术领域,具体涉及一种壳核结构的三元正极材料前驱体。
背景技术
锂离子电池的结构包括正极、负极、隔膜、电解液,正负极浸润在电解液中,锂离子以电解液为介质在正负极之间运动,实现电池的充放电。由于其工作电压高、比能量大、重量轻、体积小、循环寿命长、无记忆效应、可快速充放电和无环境污染等特点,作为新一代的绿色高能电池,在各种3C产品及新能源动力汽车上应用广泛且市场前景开阔。目前的研究热点主要集中在进一步提高材料的功率密度、能量密度和改善安全性能等方面。
从锂离子电池现在所采用的正极来看,过渡金属氧化物正极在提高电池比能量方面显然较聚阴离子正极如磷酸亚铁锂更具优势,而镍钴锰、镍钴铝等是主要应用的正极材料。铝的加入能够稳定电极材料的结构、增加锂离子扩散系数、一直电池材料的放热反应,从而提高其循环性能和耐过充性能。
三元材料的合成方法多种多样,包括溶胶-凝胶法、水热与溶剂热合成法、微波合成法、低温固相合成法、流变相合成法、自蔓延燃烧合成法等,但目前应用最为广泛且最易实现工业化的还属共沉淀法。中国专利(CN 103178262 B)公开了一种掺铝镍钴酸锂正极材料的制备方法,中国专利(CN 102244239 B)公开了一种锂离子电池正极材料镍钴铝的制备方法,其前驱体均为以镍钴氢氧化物为核以氢氧化铝为壳的前驱体材料,在后续烧结过程中融合效果不好,得到的产品循环性能较差。中国专利(CN 106299347 A)公开了一种镍钴铝三元前驱体及其制备方法和制备的正极材料及方法,其前驱体为均匀分布的镍钴铝氢氧化物,三者的同时沉淀,得到结晶度高、晶格有序性强的前驱体材料,但由于金属镍、钴与某些络合剂的络合能力强于铝,反应时抢夺络合离子,使得反应得到的产物与预设比例相差较大,降低材料的性能。
发明内容
针对镍、钴与铝的沉淀pH值相差较大以及铝沉淀速度过快导致的镍钴铝三元材料前驱体振实密度低、球形度低等问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种壳核结构的镍钴铝氢氧化物前驱体,有效提高前驱体的振实密度和颗粒的球形度。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种壳核结构的三元正极材料前驱体,所述三元正极材料前驱体的核结构为镍钴氢氧化物,壳结构为镍钴铝氢氧化物或镍钴锰氢氧化物,所述核结构中镍质量为三元正极材料前驱体中总镍质量的5%-80%,所述核结构中钴质量为三元正极材料前驱体中总钴质量的5%-80%。
进一步地,当壳结构为镍钴铝氢氧化物时,所述三元正极材料前驱体中镍、钴、铝三种元素的摩尔百分比为x:y:z,其中x≥80、y≥10、z≤10,且x+y+z=100。
进一步地,当壳结构为镍钴锰氢氧化物时,所述三元正极材料前驱体中镍、钴、锰三种元素的摩尔百分比为a:b:c,其中a≥80、b≥10、c≤10,且a+b+c=100。
进一步地,所述三元正极材料前驱体的振实密度大于1.8g/cm3,粒径为4-20μm。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明以镍钴氢氧化物为核以镍钴铝氢氧化物为壳的前驱体避免了铝沉淀过快导致的易形核而难长大,材料结晶度较低及铝含量过高时材料振实密度小的问题;因此本发明所得产品球形度高,振实密度大,烧结后得到的正极材料元素分布均匀,与初始设定的元素比例差异小、材料性能可预期性高。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中前驱体的扫描电镜图,其中(A)、(C)为球形颗粒的整体结构图,(B)为内核-镍钴氢氧化物的结构图,(D)为外壳-镍钴铝氢氧化物的结构图。
图2为实施例2中前驱体的扫描电镜图。
图3为实施例3中核壳结构前驱体的剖面扫描电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施方式做进一步详细描述:
一种壳核结构的三元正极材料前驱体,所述三元正极材料前驱体的核结构为镍钴氢氧化物,壳结构为镍钴铝氢氧化物或镍钴锰氢氧化物,所述核结构中镍质量为三元正极材料前驱体中总镍质量的5%-80%,所述核结构中钴质量为三元正极材料前驱体中总钴质量的5%-80%,当壳结构为镍钴铝氢氧化物时,所述三元正极材料前驱体中镍、钴、铝三种元素的摩尔百分比为x:y:z,其中x≥80、y≥10、z≤10,且x+y+z=100,当壳结构为镍钴锰氢氧化物时,所述三元正极材料前驱体中镍、钴、锰三种元素的摩尔百分比为a:b:c,其中a≥80、b≥10、c≤10,且a+b+c=100,所述三元正极材料前驱体的振实密度大于1.8g/cm3,粒径为4-20μm。
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步详细描述:
实施例1
配置镍钴盐的水溶液,镍钴的摩尔比为85:13,将其与氨水溶液、氢氧化钠溶液并流加入100L反应釜中,在60℃下反应30h;之后向反应釜中加入配好的偏铝酸钠溶液,继续反应50h,使镍、钴、铝三者的沉淀物在镍钴氢氧化物形成的核结构上继续长大;形成前驱体的核结构为镍钴氢氧化物,壳结构为镍钴铝氢氧化物,核结构含镍为总镍质量的50%,核结构含钴为总钴质量的50%,前驱体的镍、钴、铝三种元素的摩尔比为85:13:2,该前驱体振实密度为2.3g/cm3,粒径D50为12μm,镍钴氢氧化物内核的粒径为7μm。
所述镍钴铝前驱体为壳核结构,其电镜扫描图如图1所示。
实施例2
配置镍钴盐的水溶液,镍钴的摩尔比为82:15,将其与氨水溶液、氢氧化钠溶液并流加入100L反应釜中,在60℃下反应60h;之后向反应釜中加入配好的偏铝酸钠溶液,继续反应20h,使镍、钴、铝三者的沉淀物在镍钴氢氧化物形成的核结构上继续长大;形成前驱体的核结构为镍钴氢氧化物,壳结构为镍钴锰氢氧化物,核结构含镍为总镍质量的80%,核结构含钴为总钴质量的80%,前驱体的镍、钴、锰三种元素的摩尔比为82:15:3,该前驱体振实密度为2.1g/cm3,粒径D50为20μm。
所述镍钴锰前驱体的电镜扫描图如图2所示。
实施例3
配置镍钴盐的水溶液,镍钴的摩尔比为80:10,将其与氨水溶液、氢氧化钠溶液并流加入100L反应釜中,在60℃下反应3h;之后向反应釜中加入配好的偏铝酸钠溶液,继续反应77h,使镍、钴、铝三者的沉淀物在镍钴氢氧化物形成的核结构上继续长大;形成前驱体的核结构为镍钴氢氧化物,壳结构为镍钴铝氢氧化物,核含镍为总镍质量的5%,核含钴为总钴质量的5%,前驱体的镍、钴、铝三种元素的摩尔比为80:10:10,该前驱体振实密度为1.8g/cm3,粒径D50为10μm,镍钴氢氧化物内核的粒径为6μm。
所述镍钴铝三元材料前驱体为壳核结构,其电镜扫描图如图3所示。
Claims (4)
1.一种壳核结构的三元正极材料前驱体,其特征在于,所述三元正极材料前驱体的核结构为镍钴氢氧化物,壳结构为镍钴铝氢氧化物或镍钴锰氢氧化物,所述核结构中镍质量为三元正极材料前驱体中总镍质量的5%-80%,所述核结构中钴质量为三元正极材料前驱体中总钴质量的5%-80%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种壳核结构的三元正极材料前驱体,其特征在于,当壳结构为镍钴铝氢氧化物时,所述三元正极材料前驱体中镍、钴、铝三种元素的摩尔百分比为x:y:z,其中x≥80、y≥10、z≤10,且x+y+z=100。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种壳核结构的三元正极材料前驱体,其特征在于,当壳结构为镍钴锰氢氧化物时,所述三元正极材料前驱体中镍、钴、锰三种元素的摩尔百分比为a:b:c,其中a≥80、b≥10、c≤10,且a+b+c=100。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种壳核结构的三元正极材料前驱体,其特征在于,所述三元正极材料前驱体的振实密度大于1.8g/cm3,粒径为4-20μm。
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