CN108081690A - 热绝缘的扁平的具有小的构件厚度的构件 - Google Patents

热绝缘的扁平的具有小的构件厚度的构件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108081690A
CN108081690A CN201711164346.5A CN201711164346A CN108081690A CN 108081690 A CN108081690 A CN 108081690A CN 201711164346 A CN201711164346 A CN 201711164346A CN 108081690 A CN108081690 A CN 108081690A
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China
Prior art keywords
outer cover
wall
component
thermal insulation
synusia
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CN201711164346.5A
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CN108081690B (zh
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克劳斯·普法费尔胡贝尔
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Roechling Automotive AG and Co KG
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Roechling Automotive AG and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种热绝缘的扁平的构件，其在延伸面中延伸并且与延伸面正交地具有构件厚度，构件在延伸面中的尺寸是其正交于延伸面的厚度尺寸的多倍大，构件包括真空板，其具有全面封闭的抽真空的金属膜外罩，其包围高度分散的陶瓷粉末，金属膜外罩具有彼此有间距设置的外罩面壁，其通过边缘区域彼此连接，每个外罩面壁具有朝向相应另一个外罩面壁和高度分散的陶瓷粉末的内侧和背离相应另一个外罩面壁和高度分散的陶瓷粉末的外侧，根据本发明，外罩面壁中的至少一个在至少一个变形部段中构成有表面结构，其与平滑的表面结构相比增大外罩面壁的表面积，构件在变形部段的区域中围绕至少一个弯曲轴线弯曲成使得外罩面壁在变形部段中在其外侧上凸状弯曲。

Description

热绝缘的扁平的具有小的构件厚度的构件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热绝缘的扁平的构件，所述构件在延伸面中延伸并且与延伸面正交地具有构件厚度，其中构件在延伸面中的尺寸是正交于延伸面的厚度尺寸的多倍大，其中构件包括真空板，所述真空板具有全方位封闭的、抽真空的金属膜外罩，所述金属膜外罩包围高度分散的陶瓷粉末，其中金属膜外罩具有两个沿厚度方向彼此有间距地设置的外罩面壁，所述外罩面壁通过沿厚度方向跨越外罩面壁的间距的边缘区域彼此连接，其中每个外罩面壁具有内侧和外侧，所述内侧朝向相应另一个外罩面壁并且朝向高度分散的陶瓷粉末，所述外侧背离相应另一个外罩面壁并且背离高度分散的陶瓷粉末。
背景技术
这种热绝缘的扁平的构件在市场上称作为“真空绝热板”或简称为“VIP”。VIP通常用作为冰箱中的平坦的绝热板或用作为用于建筑物楼房绝热的平坦的热绝缘的板。
真空板连同容纳在抽真空的金属膜外罩中的高度分散的陶瓷粉末在几毫米的小构件厚度的情况下允许极其低的热导率或传热系数，一方面因为原本良好导热的金属外罩构成为具有非常低的在小于150μm的数量级中的壁厚度，并且另一方面因为设置在两个外罩面壁之间的高度分散的陶瓷粉末具有非常高的热阻或非常小的热导率或非常小的传热系数。这一方面在于陶瓷的已经低的热导率，并且这另一方面在于其提供为抽真空环境中的高度分散的粉末，使得由于超过颗粒极限的提高热阻的导热以及由于在颗粒之间的空腔中存在的真空，陶瓷的已经低的材料固有的热导率进一步降低。
在此，当然不以“真空”一词表示绝对真空，所述绝对真空在技术上总归是不可能产生的，该词更确切地说而是表示贫气的抽真空的状态，所述状态可借助现有技术的用于制造真空板或真空绝热板的机构以已知的方式制造。
VIP通常以平坦的板状提供，因为所述平坦的板状可尤其简单且可靠地制造。将VIP成型成三维变形的本体通常是不可行的，因为在这种成型时平滑的外罩面壁会至少局部地承受强烈拉伸，这通常在成型程度小的情况下已经引起包括金属薄膜的外罩面壁的断裂。对外罩面壁的完整性的已经最小的穿孔或干扰造成VIP作为热绝缘构件的失效，因为一方面通过穿孔破坏金属膜外罩的内部中的真空，并且另一方面通过在外罩面壁中的这样出现的开口，陶瓷粉末能够从金属膜外罩中离开。金属膜外罩的金属膜能够是层压材料的一部分，所述层压材料除了金属膜之外还能够具有一个或多个合成材料层。金属膜为了其保护能够在两侧通过各至少一个合成材料膜覆盖。
三维构型的扁平的热绝缘的构件在汽车制造中越来越被需要用于将机动车上的功能腔、例如发动机舱热绝缘。由此实现，内燃机在一个运行阶段之后与没有绝热装置相比更慢地冷却，并且在重新启动时在冷却阶段期间在更短的时间内加热到其额定运行温度上，在所述额定运行温度中，其有害物质排放对应于相应的额定值，所述额定值明显比在瞬时冷启动状态中小。
为了发动机舱加衬，或者一般而言为了机动车中的功能腔加衬，使用扁平的LWRT(轻型增强热塑性复合材料)构件，即多孔的压缩的热塑性接合的(thermoplastischgebundenes)纤维材料，所述纤维材料能够由纤维毡半成品在压模中在热作用下良好地成型成三维的模型构件。
当然，由LWRT构成的构件由于对新发展的机动车提高的要求有时面临其技术极限：LWRT材料的局部不同的压缩程度引起沿穿过LWRT材料的厚度方向的局部不同的热导率，进而引起局部不同的绝热效果。由于对于安置绝热的衬里构件而言越来越少可用结构空间，在这种区域中LWRT构件上的至少局部更高的压缩程度是不可避免的，在所述区域中在机动车的安装部位上仅可提供非常小的结构空间。提供用于安置衬里构件的LWRT材料的较大结构空间的其他部位能够是不那么强地压缩的。
随着LWRT材料的压缩增大，其热绝缘效果下降。这推测在于伴随着压缩增大而出现的降低的孔隙度和——在该情况下预期的——降低的壁厚度。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是，提供一种热绝缘的扁平的构件，所述构件在构件厚度小的情况下作为三维成形的构件提供高的热绝缘作用。本发明的热绝缘的扁平的构件尤其在构件厚度小的情况下，如LWRT构件，应沿厚度方向具有更高的热阻，或在沿厚度方向的热阻相同的情况下应具有比LWRT构件更小的构件厚度。
根据本申请，构件在如下情况下是“扁平的”：所述构件在其延伸面中具有与在其正交于延伸面的厚度尺寸相比明显更大的尺寸，即所述构件例如沿两个局部地展开延伸面的、彼此线性无关的面延伸方向中的每个至少具有沿正交于所述面延伸方向中的每一个的厚度方向的尺寸的十倍尺寸。
构件在如下情况下应适合作为三维成形：所述构件至少围绕一个弯曲轴线弯曲。优选地，所述构件围绕多于一个弯曲轴线弯曲，以便能够实现复杂的构件构造。
所述目的由本发明通过这种热绝缘的扁平的构件实现，其中外罩面壁中的至少一个在至少一个变形部段中构成有表面结构，所述表面结构与平滑的表面结构相比增大外罩面壁的表面积，其中构件在变形部段的区域中围绕至少一个弯曲轴线弯曲，使得外罩面壁在变形部段中在其外侧上凸状弯曲。
迄今，由于在此在外罩面壁的金属膜中出现的拉应力，视作为是几乎不可行的是：将所述类型的真空板、即这种由金属膜外罩构成的真空板变形成三维的构型，在所述金属膜外罩中在抽真空的氛围中填充有高度分散的陶瓷粉末。然而，发明人已经指出，通过改变至少一个外罩面壁的表面结构，真空板或真空绝热板的成型变得可行。在此，至少在成型中经受拉应力的外罩面壁应成形为具有增大表面的结构。
可能的例如是，将含VIP的半成品三维地通过在用高度分散的粉末填充的半成品区域之间形成薄膜铰链来成型。与用高度分散的粉末填充的半成品区域相反地，半成品在薄膜铰链的区域中仅通过至少一个金属膜或至少一个包含所述金属膜的层压材料形成。因此，借助薄膜铰链形成的无粉末的构件区域与基本上平坦的、用高度分散的粉末填充的区域相比具有明显不同的热特性，尤其热绝缘特性。
与此相反地，本发明的热绝缘的扁平的构件也能够在弯曲的外罩面壁部段之间设置在高度分散的陶瓷粉末的通过成型强烈弯曲的区域中。优选地，根据本发明的热绝缘的扁平的构件的构件厚度与构件弯曲基本上无关。
在变形部段中，借助于与平滑的表面结构相比增大外罩面的表面积的表面结构，实现变形裕量，所述变形裕量在变形时能够拉伸，而由此产生的在相关的外罩面壁中的拉应力不超过允许的失效极限。通过在变形部段中的成型，在拉应力施加到变形部段上的情况下，增大表面积的结构被拉伸进而变平滑，而由此不用担心外罩面壁的失效。在弯曲成型期间的拉应力尤其在如下外罩面壁区域中出现：所述外罩面壁在成型之后——在从外观察时——凸状弯曲。
增大表面的表面结构例如能够通过如下方式获得：相应的外罩面壁的至少一个变形部段与平滑的表面结构相比具有朝向相应另一个外罩面壁延伸的凹陷部和/或背离相应另一个外罩面壁延伸的突出部。在观察在沿厚度方向伸展的剖面中的相关的外罩面壁时，变形部段因此在剖平面中优选具有波浪形的轮廓，即具有沿着其伸展变换的弯曲方向的轮廓。
在成型之前，即当真空板作为平坦的板存在时，变形部段的增大表面积的表面结构优选均匀地在变形部段中构成。通过变形，即通过将构件围绕弯折轴线弯折，表面结构在平坦状态下的这种均匀性由于出现的弯折拉应力和弯折压应力而破坏，并且加载有拉应力的外罩面壁的波浪形的轮廓的幅值随着外罩面壁的弯曲半径减小而减小，即随着弯曲增大而减小。在此，优选地观察贯穿正交于弯折或弯曲轴线伸展的剖平面的剖面。
借助本发明，发明人已经克服此外在相关专业领域中出现的偏见。即始终存在如下想法：真空板仅能够制造成具有平滑的外罩面壁，因为否则金属膜外罩不能够充分地抽真空。然而现在已经证实，在提高正交于外罩面壁作用到金属膜外罩上的压力的条件下，在抽真空时，借助至少局部不同于平滑的表面结构化的外罩面壁，用高度分散的陶瓷粉末填充的金属膜外罩也能充分抽真空。借此，出现下述方式，首先构建具有外罩面壁的真空板，所述真空板至少局部地在变形部段中具有增大外罩面壁的表面的表面结构，并且虽然存在表面结构，仍沿厚度方向具有对于真空板典型的低的热导率。
并且其次可行的是，所述真空板在变形部段的区域中从初始平坦的状态开始变形，而没有损坏构件或功能损失的风险。
因此，可制造具有三维的构件构型的热绝缘的扁平的构件，在沿构件厚度方向的热导率相同时，所述构件与已知的LWRT构件相比具有明显更小的构件厚度。在沿构件厚度方向的热导率与LWRT构件相同的情LWRT构件的构件厚度的大致一半或更小。
当前讨论的根据本发明的构件的优点在于，能够将所述构件从平坦的真空板半成品开始通过挤压成型成型成三维构型，并且不必从一开始就以需要的构型制造。
根据成型程度足够的是，仅外罩面壁中的一个构成有变形部段。在围绕多个弯曲轴线的更复杂的成型的情况下和/或在更高的成型程度的情况下，有利的是，两个外罩面壁具有各至少一个变形部段，所述变形部段具有如下表面结构，所述表面结构与平滑的表面结构相比增大相应的外罩面壁的表面积。
此外，足够的是，仅局部地设有变形部段，而外罩面壁的其他部段平滑地构成，所述其他部段邻接于变形部段。
为了得到可在尽可能没有要注意的边界条件下成型的真空板半成品，金属膜外罩的优选整个外罩面壁、尤其优选两个外罩面壁构成有增大其表面积的表面结构。
外罩面壁或其部段在如下情况下视作为“平滑的”：对于整个部段适用的是，沿分别沿构件厚度方向伸展的两个彼此正交的剖平面观察，外罩面壁具有直线的剖面线或在其长度上具有相同的弯曲方向的剖面线。
因为在围绕弯折轴线弯折时，所述弯折引起外罩面壁围绕弯曲轴线的弯曲，两个将构件弯折曲线围住的外罩面壁加载有力或应力，所以有利的是，如果不仅第一外罩面壁、而且第二外罩面壁设有变形部段，那么一个外罩面壁的变形部段和相应另一个外罩面壁的变形部段沿厚度方向至少部分地相对置。
具有变形部段的外罩面壁的增大表面积的表面结构的在上文中提到的凹陷部和/或突出部优选以规则的样式(Muster)设置。这不仅简化了制造外罩面壁连同其变形部段，而且也引起变形部段的几乎方向无关的可变形性。例如，外罩面壁在变形部段中能够以半球化的方式构成，即具有半球形的凹陷部和突出部，所述凹陷部和突出部沿延伸面的两个相互正交的面方向交替地彼此跟随。这应仅是示例。半球化构造对突出部和/或凹陷部不是必不可少的。所述突出部和/或凹陷部也能够锥形地、截锥形地或普遍多面体形地或截多面体形地构成，仅用于提出一些替选方案。
原则上，能够足够的是，本发明的热绝缘的扁平的构件仅由如在上文中描述的构成的真空板形成。当然，因此能够需要的是，形成金属膜外罩的金属膜构成有较大的薄膜厚度，例如大于150μm或甚至大于200μm，以便给予外罩面壁需要的强度和给予构件整体上足够的形状稳定性。优选的金属膜例如是铝薄膜。随着金属膜变厚，然而构件的将热量沿着金属膜外罩从一个构件侧导向另一构件侧的能力增大。
因此，在本发明的一个有利的改进方案中提出，在至少一个外罩面壁的外侧上设有至少一个包括合成材料的层片。包括合成材料的层片由于其包含合成材料而能够以简单的方式施加到外侧上，并且借助外罩面壁成型。包括合成材料的层片在此能够用于两个目的中的至少一个：所述包括合成材料的层片能够保护位于其下的外罩面壁免受外部影响和/或所述包括合成材料的层片能够给予构件强度或形状稳定性。外罩的金属膜因此能够由于包括合成材料的层片的对于构件强度的强度贡献而更薄地构成，例如厚度小于100μm或者甚至小于10μm。
至少一个包括合成材料的层片能够根据层片构型而挤压到外罩面壁的外侧上或者粘贴到所述外侧上，需要时在中间设置增附剂。
根据该有利的变型方案的第一方面，包括合成材料的层片能够包括由热塑性接合的纤维材料构成的多孔层片，或者是由其构成的。纤维材料能够包括矿物纤维、尤其是玻璃纤维、天然纤维和/或在高于热塑性粘胶的温度下才熔化的合成材料纤维，如这由LWRT材料的覆盖层已知。优选地，热塑性的粘胶材料是聚烯烃、尤其是聚丙烯。涂覆到具有至少一个包括合成材料的层片的外罩面壁的外侧上的增附剂因此能够具有：与包括合成材料的层片的热塑性粘胶材料相容的或相同的材料，以便将包括合成材料的层片与外罩面壁的外侧接合。纤维材料优选是纤维线。
附加地或替选地，包括合成材料的层片能够包括实心的合成材料层片或是实心的合成材料层片，所述合成材料层片例如又由聚丙烯构成或总体而言由聚烯烃构成。
此外，附加地或替选地，包括合成材料的层片能够包括泡沫的合成材料层片，或者是泡沫的合成材料层片，以便减小重量和/或以便实现附加的热绝缘效果。
由热塑性接合的纤维材料构成的多孔的层片和泡沫的合成材料层片由于其多孔性在层片厚度相同时与相同厚度的包括实心合成材料的层片相比具有更小的单位面积重量。
优选地，每个外罩面壁的外侧设有至少一个包括合成材料的层片。
热绝缘的扁平的构件此外能够结合其他扁平的包括合成材料的材料使用，尤其结合LWRT材料使用。对此，所述构件例如能够具有包括合成材料的框架，所述框架沿延伸面的至少一个面延伸方向连接于金属膜外罩。优选地，框架或扁平的另外的合成材料构件沿连接方向延续金属膜外罩。框架或另外的包括合成材料的构件优选将金属膜外罩沿着其边缘区域的部段至少部分地包围。尤其优选地假想，包括合成材料的框架将金属膜外罩完全沿着其边缘区域包围。因此，热绝缘的扁平的构件的区域能够通过真空板或至少一个由真空板构成的芯和连接于真空板的框架形成。
优选地，框架包括热塑性接合的纤维材料，其中优选地，框架中的纤维材料和热塑性接合材料的质量相关的份额不同于在上文中提到的包括合成材料的层片中的纤维材料和热塑性接合材料的质量相关的份额，所述包括合成材料的层片能够设置在至少一个外罩面壁的外侧上。优选地，框架的纤维材料份额能够高于涂覆在外罩面壁的外侧上的包括合成材料的层片。优选地，附加地或替选地，框架的单位面积重量大于包括合成材料的层片的单位面积重量。
框架的纤维材料优选也是纤维线或包括沿随机分布的取向的杂乱的纤维。
之前提到的设置在至少一个外罩面壁的外侧上的至少一个包括合成材料的层片在热绝缘的扁平的构件具有框架时延伸，优选延伸经过金属膜外罩、在框架之上延伸，并且也至少部分地或完全地覆盖所述框架。至少一个包括合成材料的层片因此也设置在框架的至少一个外侧上，优选设置在框架的两个外侧上。优选地，框架的材料和包括合成材料的层片的材料具有相容的或相同的合成材料，所述合成材料简化框架和包括合成材料的层片的连接。
因此，优选地，不仅金属膜外罩、而且框架设置在至少两个包括合成材料的层片之间。
热绝缘的扁平的构件能够围绕至少两个彼此有间距地设置和/或彼此围成角度的弯曲轴线弯曲，例如通过挤压成型，使得构件能够构成为复杂的三维结构。弯曲轴线能够是平行的弯曲轴线，如例如在构成加强筋时是这种情况，或者弯曲轴线能够彼此扭曲地取向。构件的弯曲轴线通常由在制造构件期间的弯折成型过程的弯折轴线构成。
本申请的热绝缘的扁平的构件优选通过如下方式制造：将扁平的平坦的真空板半成品、必要时连同包括合成材料的层片一起置于挤压模具中，并且在热量影响的条件下闭合挤压模具，所述包括合成材料的层片例如呈由热塑性接合的纤维材料构成的纤维毡半成品的形式。挤压模具对此能够加热或冷却。在挤压模具中优选达到如下温度，所述温度高于热塑性接合材料的熔点或软化点。
本发明还涉及一种热绝缘的扁平的构件的尤其有利的应用，所述构件如在上文中描述和改进那样，所述构件用作为机动车中的热绝缘构件，尤其发动机舱绝热构件。
在金属膜外罩的内部中的陶瓷粉末原则上能够是任意的金属氧化物。在过去已经证实硅石粉末。但是，也能够考虑使用氧化镁粉末和/或氧化铝粉末。
附图说明
下面根据所附的附图详细阐述本发明。附图示出：
图1示出用于制造根据本发明的热绝缘构件的真空板半成品的俯视图，
图2示出沿着剖平面II-II贯穿图1的真空板半成品的横截面，所述真空板半成品具有由热塑性接合的纤维材料构成的、设置在外侧上的包括合成材料的层片，和
图3示出在图2的半成品参与的情况下制造的本发明的热绝缘的扁平的构件的立体部分剖面图，所述构件呈机动车的功能腔绝热构件的形式。
具体实施方式
在图1中，在俯视图中示出的平坦的真空板半成品总体上用10表示。图1的真空板半成品10的延伸平面平行于图1的绘图平面，半成品10的厚度方向正交于图1的绘图平面。
在图2中示出在图1中的正交于图1的绘图平面的剖平面II-II中贯穿图1的半成品10的剖面。
仅为了与随后成型的三维状态区分而在其平坦的初始状态中称作为“半成品”的真空板半成品10包括金属膜外罩12，所述金属膜外罩在示例中具有两个基本上平行的外罩面壁14和16。所述外罩面壁沿着厚度方向D相互间有间距地设置，并且所述外罩面壁通过环绕的边缘区域18连接。完全围绕外罩面壁14和16的边缘区域18沿厚度方向D跨越外罩面壁14和16之间的间距。
要着重指出的是，图1和2没有示出真空板半成品10(图1)的或在外罩面壁14或16的外侧14a或14b上以包括合成材料的纤维毡半成品20和22扩宽的半成品10(图2)的按照比例的示图，而是示出仅大致示意的示图。
以已知的方式，金属膜外罩12在边缘区域18中借助于金属膜的相应的热塑性覆层通过密封而封闭。密封缝能够在真空板半成品10的全部四侧上构成，如在图1中示出的那样，或者当金属膜外罩12通过膜的翻折形成时仅在三侧上构成。替代通过用热塑性的密封材料、例如聚烯烃覆层和对覆层区域的热密封，金属膜外罩也能够通过将粘胶涂覆到要连接的区域和随后将区域粘接来封闭。
在将气体从金属膜外罩12的内部24中抽空的条件下，在金属膜外罩12的内部24中容纳高度分散的陶瓷粉末26，例如硅石粉末。
金属膜外罩12当前由铝合金形成。铝合金对于形成金属膜外罩12而言是优选的。
如在图1和2中表明的，外罩膜壁14和16构成有增大其表面的表面结构28。所述表面结构在外罩面壁14和16中的每个中都包括背离相应另一个外罩面壁凸起的突出部30和与此交替地沿正交的网格具有朝向相应另一个外罩面壁凸起的凹陷部32。在图2中，为了清楚示出，仅示出具有突出部30和凹陷部32的外罩面壁14和16的大致左边的20％。
在图1中，在图1的观察者所看到的外罩面壁14中，用实线的圆圈示出朝向观察者凸起的突出部30，并且用虚线示出背离其延伸的凹陷部32。这种表面结构通常通过金属膜的半球化(Kalottieren)得到。通过这种半球化，金属膜壁14的表面相对于平滑的表面结构增大。这是易于理解的，因为为了通过外罩面壁14覆盖相同的面积，在半球化的膜中比在平滑的膜中需要更多的膜材料来形成外罩面壁14.
外罩面壁14和16的原则上增大表面的表面结构28或半球化提供外罩面壁14或16的所谓的“变形裕量(Verformungsreserve)”，所述变形裕量能够实现真空板半成品10通过围绕弯折轴线弯折变形，而通过半成品10的弯折没有由于拉应力而超过外罩面壁14和16的金属膜的失效极限。
在图2中在外侧14a和16a上分别设置有纤维毡半成品20或22，所述纤维毡半成品与分别相关联的外罩面壁14或16在中间设置有已知的增附剂以及借助于增附剂接合的热塑性密封层的条件下连接。增附剂和密封层在图2中未示出。
纤维毡半成品20和22例如是通过聚烯烃接合的多孔的玻璃纤维线毡(Glasfasergewirrmatten)。
在图3中示出部分剖开的热绝缘的扁平的构件40，在仅粗略示出的真空板半成品10参与的条件下，所述构件借助于在其外罩面壁14或16的外侧14a和16a上设置的纤维毡半成品20和22制造。
构件在多重弯曲的延伸面E中延伸，所述延伸面的线性无关的面延伸方向E1和E2如同与其正交的厚度方向D那样与在构件40上的相应部位相关地——在绝对坐标系中观察——局部指向不同的方向。面延伸方向E1和E2在构件40的每个部位上形成构件的贴附平面。
将真空板半成品10连同设置在其上的纤维材料半成品20和22置于挤压模型中以制造构件40，并且在热影响下通过挤压力相应于由挤压工具预设的模腔成型成在图3中以局部剖面示出的构件40。制造方法在此例如能够具体包括：在加热设备、例如板加热或红外加热装置中将真空板半成品10加热成高于纤维材料半成品20和22中的热塑性接合材料的熔点；和随后的成型以及在挤压模具中冷却。冷却的构件随后能够从挤压模具中取出，而不由于脱模力变形。
构件例如具有加强筋42，并且具有弯曲的基本区域44。同样地，提出三维成形的边缘成形部46，所述边缘成形部能够用于将构件40固定在构件载体上。构件40是机动车的功能腔绝热装置，例如作为发动机舱衬里的一部分。
构件40的区域48通过图1的真空板半成品10的成型而形成。在区域48上连接有框架50，所述框架仅由热塑性接合的纤维材料形成。形成框架50的半成品也连同图1和2的真空板10一起在上文中提到的挤压模具中成型。
图3中的放大图A示出贯穿区域48的剖面的一个部段，在所述部段中构成加强筋42。放大图A示出沿厚度方向D位于中心的芯部，所述芯部由高度分散的陶瓷粉末26形成，在抽真空的氛围中包围在外罩面壁14和16之间。在外罩面壁14或16的外侧14a或16a上形成由热塑性接合的玻璃纤维线构成的覆盖层，所述覆盖层通过压缩纤维材料半成品20和22形成。多孔的覆盖层用附图标记52和54表示。通过在成型步骤中压缩，所述覆盖层与构成其的纤维材料半成品20或22相比致密很多。
在框架50的区域中，在那里绘制的放大图B示出仅由热塑性接合的纤维材料层片构成的框架50，即由多孔的LWRT芯层片56构成，所述LWRT芯层片在覆盖层52和54之间延伸。覆盖层52和54在构件40的延伸面中延伸经过真空板、也在LWRT芯层片56上延伸并且将所述LWRT芯层片保持在它们之间。
在LWRT芯层片56中的以质量百分比计的增强纤维份额优选高于在覆盖层52和54中的份额。对此，热塑性的粘合剂的份额优选更低。芯层片56与覆盖层52和54中的每个相比通常也具有更高的单位面积重量。
不同于图3所示出的，框架50能够将真空板连同由高度分散的陶瓷粉末26构成的填充物完全闭合环绕地包围。
借助当前描述的本发明可行的是，在小的壁厚度小于5mm时热导率低进而热阻高的情况下，也构成复杂成型的热绝缘的扁平的构件，例如机动车的功能腔衬里的、尤其发动机舱衬里的壳部件。借此，与借助现有技术的热绝缘的扁平的构件材料相比，能够更好地利用机动车上的结构空间。

Claims (16)

1.一种热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，所述构件在延伸面(E)中延伸并且与所述延伸面(E)正交地具有构件厚度，其中所述构件(40)在所述延伸面(E)中的尺寸是其正交于所述延伸面(E)的厚度尺寸的多倍大，其中所述构件(40)包括真空板(10)，所述真空板具有全面封闭的、抽真空的金属膜外罩(12)，所述金属膜外罩包围高度分散的陶瓷粉末(26)，其中所述金属膜外罩(12)具有沿厚度方向(D)彼此有间距地设置的外罩面壁(14，16)，所述外罩面壁通过沿厚度方向(D)跨越所述外罩面壁(14，16)的所述间距的边缘区域(18)彼此连接，其中每个外罩面壁(14，16)具有内侧和外侧(14a，16a)，所述内侧朝向相应另一个外罩面壁(14，16)和朝向高度分散的陶瓷粉末(26)，所述外侧背离相应另一个外罩面壁(14，16)和背离高度分散的所述陶瓷粉末(26)，
其特征在于，
所述外罩面壁(14，16)中的至少一个在至少一个变形部段中构成有表面结构(28)，所述表面结构与平滑的表面结构相比增大所述外罩面壁(14，16)的表面积，其中所述构件(40)在所述变形部段的区域中围绕至少一个弯曲轴线弯曲成，使得所述外罩面壁(14，16)在所述变形部段中在其外侧(14a，16a)上凸状弯曲。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
两个外罩面壁(14，16)具有各至少一个变形部段，所述变形部段具有表面结构(28)，所述表面机构与平滑的表面结构相比增大相应的外罩面壁(14，16)的表面积。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
一个外罩面壁(14，16)的变形部段和相应另一个外罩面壁(14，16)的变形部段沿厚度方向(D)至少部段地相对置。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
相应的所述外罩面壁(14，16)的至少一个所述变形部段与平滑的表面结构相比具有朝向相应另一个外罩面壁(14，16)延伸的凹陷部(32)和/或远离相应另一个外罩面壁延伸的突出部(30)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
所述凹陷部(32)和/或所述突出部(30)以规则的样式设置。
6.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
在至少一个外罩面壁(14，16)的外侧上设有至少一个包括合成材料的层片(52，54)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
包括合成材料的所述层片(52，54)包括由热塑性接合的纤维材料构成的多孔层片，或者包括合成材料的所述层片是由热塑性接合的纤维材料构成的多孔层片。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
包括合成材料的所述层片(52，54)包括实心的合成材料层片，或者包括合成材料的所述层片是实心的合成材料层片。
9.根据权利要求6至8中任一项所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
包括合成材料的所述层片(52，54)包括泡沫的合成材料层片，或者包括合成材料的所述层片是泡沫的合成材料层片。
10.根据权利要求6至9中任一项所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
每个外罩面壁(14，16)的外侧(14a，16a)设有至少一个包括合成材料的层片(52，54)。
11.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
所述构件具有包括合成材料的框架(50)，所述框架沿所述延伸面(E)的至少一个延伸方向(E1，E2)连接于所述金属膜外罩(12)，所述框架优选将所述金属膜外罩(12)沿着其边缘区域(18)的一部分至少部分地包围，尤其优选完全地包围。
12.根据权利要求11所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
所述框架(50)包括热塑性接合的纤维材料(56)，或者所述框架是热塑性接合的纤维材料(56)。
13.根据引用权利要求6至10中任一项的权利要求11或12所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
包括合成材料的至少一个所述层片(52，54)延伸经过所述金属膜外罩(12)、在所述框架(50)之上延伸。
14.根据权利要求13所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
所述金属膜外罩(12)和所述框架(50)设置在至少两个包括合成材料的层片(52，54)之间。
15.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)，
其特征在于，
所述构件围绕至少两个彼此有间距的和/或彼此围成角度的弯曲轴线弯曲。
16.一种根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的热绝缘的扁平的构件(40)的应用，所述构件用作为机动车中的热绝缘构件(40)，尤其用作为发动机舱绝热构件(40)。
CN201711164346.5A 2016-11-22 2017-11-21 热绝缘的扁平的具有小的构件厚度的构件 Expired - Fee Related CN108081690B (zh)

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