CN108077652A - A kind of fish meal economizing type mixed feed for improving freshwater fish immunity and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of fish meal economizing type mixed feed for improving freshwater fish immunity and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fish meal economizing type mixed feeds for improving freshwater fish immunity and preparation method thereof, are made of the raw material of water and following parts by weight：3~8 parts of fish meal, 1~7 part of yeast nucleotides, 20~28 parts of dregs of beans, 10~15 parts of rapeseed meal, 10~15 parts of Cottonseed Meal, 15~30 parts of starch, 5~9 parts of wheat bran, 1~2 part of fish oil, 1~2 part of soya-bean oil, 0.3 part of 1~3 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.0 parts of intensive culture fish compound premix and salt, the wherein dosage of water are the 5~10% of the raw material gross weight.Above-mentioned raw materials in mixer are stirred and evenly mixed, the particle that grain size is 1~2mm is made through granulator, then is dehydrated, cools down and dried with air-cooler.The feed of the present invention can not only significantly improve freshwater fish rate of body weight gain, improve freshwater fish growth performance, activate fish body immune response, improve immunity, reduce culture-cycle drug and use, ensure that the healthy aquaculture of animal；And utilization of the fish meal in feed has been saved, further reduce Feed Manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture, feed processing and disease prevention technical fields, and in particular to a kind of raising fresh-water fishes
Fish meal economizing type mixed feed of para-immunity power and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Freshwater fish (English name Freshwater Fishes), which refers to, inhabits the freshwaters such as rivers, lakes and marhshes, reservoir
Fish.It is estimated that more than 15000 kinds, there are fish 3446 in China for about 32500 kinds of global fish, wherein freshwater fish
Kind, wherein 1452 kinds of freshwater fish.Carp is commonly called as carp cripple, Westerner etc., is under the jurisdiction of Cyprinidae, and Cypriniformes is that China's one kind is important
One of economic freshwater fish, originate in Asia, it is rear to introduce Europe, North America and other areas, because of its delicious meat, protein content
High, the advantages that fat content is low and amino acid is abundant and be widely appreciated by consumers.Since the fish speed of growth is fast, environmental suitability
Strong and yield is high, so with very strong cultivation advantage, therefore it is confirmed as one of large fresh-water fishes Variety comprehensive.According to world's grain
Agriculture tissue statistics understands that annual world carp total output is about 2912.09 ten thousand tons within 2015, is increased compared with 2014
3.16%.
Since fish meal has the characteristics that good palatability, amino acid balance, protein content are high, so all the time, all by
It is considered as one of main source of supply of protein in fish feed.Traditionally, fish is mostly come from for producing the raw material of fish meal
Industrial waste and the epipelagic fish in ocean marine site, such as catfish, sardine, mackerel and sardine.However, in recent years, with
The fast development of intensive aquaculture industry, the usage amount steady growth of mixed feed, fish meal demand is significantly increased, therefore
Cause fish meal prices constantly soaring.Secondly as phosphorus content is higher in fish meal, most of fish are relatively low to its utilization rate, not by
The phosphorus that fish body absorbs can cause body eutrophication, and so as to cause water pollution, breeding water body deteriorates, and fish growth speed is delayed
Slowly, the problems such as death rate raises.In addition, it is estimated that the 30% of global total catch be converted to fish meal and fish oil in animal and
It is used in fish meal, and between 2004 to 2009 years, the quantity of the catch of global wild fish is with annual 0.5% ratio under
Drop, so as to exacerbate production fish meal, there is lack of raw materials, therefore develops new protein sources, reduces feed cost, it has also become urgently to be resolved hurrily
The problem of.
Since yeast nucleotides are rich in high protein, amino acid, multivitamin, lipid, minerals, enzyme and bioactivity
Substance (manna oligosacchride) etc., is accordingly regarded as one of optimum substituent of fish meal.Currently, many results of study show yeast nucleosides
Acid can be used as the protein sources of partial alternative fish meal.
In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, the food-safe consciousness of people also steps up, antibiosis in aquatic products
Element residual is exceeded and the culture-cycle is also concerned using the problems such as forbidden drug.Therefore, develop a kind of green, non-harmful exempt from
Epidemic disease reinforcing agent substitute antibiotics feed aquiculture animal, activate nospecific immunity in fish body, improve immunity, reduce dead
Rate is to promote an important measure of aquaculture sustainable development.
The content of the invention
Present invention is primarily aimed at provide it is a kind of improve freshwater fish immunity fish meal economizing type mixed feed and its
Preparation method, with solve the Feed Manufacturing that carp occurs during large-scale cultivation mentioned above in the background art it is of high cost,
The problems such as shortage of high-quality protein source and drug abuse.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the following technical scheme that the present invention uses：
A kind of fish meal economizing type mixed feed for improving freshwater fish immunity, by water and the raw material system of following parts by weight
Into：3~8 parts of fish meal, 1~7 part of yeast nucleotides, 20~28 parts of dregs of beans, 10~15 parts of rapeseed meal, 10~15 parts of Cottonseed Meal, starch
15~30 parts, 5~9 parts of wheat bran, 1~2 part of fish oil, 1~2 part of soya-bean oil, 1~3 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, intensive culture fish compound premix 1
0.3 part of part and salt, the wherein dosage of water are the 5~10% of the raw material gross weight.
Preferably, it is made of the raw material of following parts by weight：5.92 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of yeast nucleotides, 26.8 parts of dregs of beans,
12 parts of rapeseed meal, 13 parts of Cottonseed Meal, 26.54 parts of starch, 6.85 parts of wheat bran, 1.51 parts of fish oil, 1.28 parts of soya-bean oil, calcium dihydrogen phosphate
1.8 parts, 1 part of intensive culture fish compound premix and 0.3 part of salt, the dosage of water are the 5~10% of the raw material gross weight.
Following nutrient and level are included in above-mentioned mixed feed：Crude protein 34%, crude fat 5%, moisture 9%, cinder
Divide 7%, total energy 18MJ/kg.
The preparation method for improving freshwater fish immunity fish meal economizing type mixed feed, is as follows：
(1) raw materials such as dregs of beans, rapeseed meal and Cottonseed Meal are crushed respectively, crosses 40 mesh sieves that sieve pore is 0.425mm；
(2) parts by weight described in accordance with the claim 1 weigh each raw material, by fish meal, yeast nucleotides, biphosphate
Calcium, salt and intensive culture fish compound premix are first pre-mixed, place into mixing machine with the raw material that has been crushed in step (1) into
Row stirs and evenly mixs to obtain mixture；
(3) fish oil and soya-bean oil weighed is added in into the mixture that step (2) obtains, continues to stir and evenly mix；
(4) water is added in into the mixture that step (3) obtains again, wherein water is the 5~10% of all raw material gross weights,
It heats simultaneously, the temperature of mixture is made to be maintained at 90~95 DEG C, and continue to stir and evenly mix 5min to get to mixture；
(5) particle that grain size is 1~2mm is made in the mixture obtained in above-mentioned steps (4) with granulator；
(6) particle obtained in step (5) is dehydrated, cools down and is dried with air-cooler, you can.
Freshwater fish of the present invention is carp, megalobrama amblycephala, crucian, grass carp, silver carp and black carp, preferably carp.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
(1) freshwater fish rate of body weight gain is remarkably improved, improves freshwater fish growth performance；(2) yeast core is used in the present invention
Fish meal in thuja acid partial alternative freshwater fish mixed feed, can not only improve the freshwater fish speed of growth and immunity of organisms,
And it can further reduce Feed Manufacturing cost；(3) fish body immune response is activated, improves immunity, reduces the death rate, is reduced
Culture-cycle drug uses, so as to ensure the healthy aquaculture of animal.
Specific embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described.It should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several variations and modifications can also be made, these also should be regarded as the present invention's
In protection domain.
Embodiment 1
Following weight percent raw material is weighed to be made：Fish meal 1.56Kg, brewer's yeast 1.50Kg, dregs of beans 8.04Kg, rapeseed meal
3.60Kg, Cottonseed Meal 3.90Kg, starch 7.96Kg, wheat bran 1.68Kg, fish oil 0.45Kg, soya-bean oil 0.38Kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate
0.54Kg, intensive culture fish compound premix 0.30kg and salt 0.09kg.Wherein, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and intensive culture fish compound premix are equal
Animal Technological research institute is herded purchased from Jiangsu Province Nanjing China.
The preparation method of above-mentioned raising freshwater fish immunity fish meal economizing type mixed feed, is as follows：
(1) raw materials such as dregs of beans, rapeseed meal and Cottonseed Meal are crushed respectively, crosses 40 mesh sieves that sieve pore is 0.425mm；
(2) weight percent described in accordance with the claim 1 weighs each raw material, by fish meal, brewer's yeast, biphosphate
Calcium, salt and intensive culture fish compound premix are pre-mixed, and are placed into be stirred with other above-mentioned raw materials in mixing machine and are mixed
Obtain mixture；
(3) fish oil and soya-bean oil weighed is added in into the mixture that step (2) obtains, continues to stir and evenly mix；
(4) water is added in into the mixture that step (3) obtains again, wherein water is the 5~10% of all raw material gross weights,
It heats simultaneously, the temperature of mixture is made to be maintained at 90~95 DEG C, and continue to stir and evenly mix 5min to get to mixture；
(5) particle that grain size is 1~2mm is made in the mixture obtained in above-mentioned steps (4) with granulator；
(6) particle obtained in step (5) is dehydrated, cools down and is dried with air-cooler, you can.
Embodiment 2
Fish meal 1.78Kg, yeast nucleotides 0.90Kg, dregs of beans 8.04Kg, rapeseed meal 3.60Kg, Cottonseed Meal 3.90Kg are weighed, is formed sediment
Powder 7.96Kg, wheat bran 2.06Kg, fish oil 0.45Kg, soya-bean oil 0.38Kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.54Kg, intensive culture fish compound premix
0.30Kg and salt 0.09Kg.By the raw material according to the raising of the preparation method manufacturing cost invention protection described in embodiment 1
The fish meal economizing type mixed feed of freshwater fish immunity.
Embodiment 3：It is substantially the same manner as Example 2, except that composition of raw materials, the weight percent difference of each raw material
For：Fish meal 2.40Kg, dregs of beans 8.04Kg, rapeseed meal 3.60Kg, Cottonseed Meal 3.90Kg, starch 7.96Kg, wheat bran 2.40Kg, fish oil
0.38Kg, soya-bean oil 0.38Kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.54Kg, intensive culture fish compound premix 0.30Kg and salt 0.09Kg.
Embodiment 4：It is substantially the same manner as Example 2, except that composition of raw materials, the weight percent difference of each raw material
For：Fish meal 2.26Kg, yeast nucleotides 0.30Kg, dregs of beans 8.04Kg, rapeseed meal 3.60Kg, Cottonseed Meal 3.90Kg, starch 7.96Kg,
Wheat bran 2.21Kg, fish oil 0.41Kg, soya-bean oil 0.38Kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.54Kg, intensive culture fish compound premix 0.30Kg and food
Salt 0.09Kg.
Embodiment 5：It is substantially the same manner as Example 2, except that composition of raw materials, the weight percent difference of each raw material
For：Fish meal 1.30Kg, yeast nucleotides 1.50Kg, dregs of beans 8.04Kg, rapeseed meal 3.60Kg, Cottonseed Meal 3.90Kg, starch 7.96Kg,
Wheat bran 1.90Kg, fish oil 0.49Kg, soya-bean oil 0.38Kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.54Kg, intensive culture fish compound premix 0.30Kg and food
Salt 0.09Kg.
Embodiment 6：It is substantially the same manner as Example 2, except that composition of raw materials, the weight percent difference of each raw material
For：Fish meal 0.83Kg, yeast nucleotides 2.10Kg, dregs of beans 8.04Kg, rapeseed meal 3.60Kg, Cottonseed Meal 3.90Kg, starch 7.96Kg,
Wheat bran 1.73Kg, fish oil 0.53Kg, soya-bean oil 0.38Kg, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.54Kg, intensive culture fish compound premix 0.30Kg and food
Salt 0.09Kg.
Outdoor breeding is tested and cultivation interpretation of result：
Culture experiment selection carries out in the pond in Agricultural University Of Nanjing's aquatic products teaching and scientific research base in net cage, wherein, pond
Pool surface product is 10 mu, and cage size is 2.0m × 1.0m × 1.7m (length × width × height).It tests carp and is purchased from Nanjing fresh water
Fishery study center seedling field.It temporarily supports after two weeks, randomly selects 720 tail neat specifications, physically fit carp kidney cell (19.44
± 0.06g) it is put into 24 net cages, each 30 tail of net cage.This experiment is divided into 6 groups, every group of 4 repetitions.Wherein, control group is divided into
Positive control and negative control, feeding the fish meal economizing type compound feed for carps that is prepared in embodiment 1,3 respectively, (Main Nutrients are the same as commercially available
Commercial feed), test group feeds the fish meal economizing type compound feed for carps prepared in embodiment 4,2,5 and 6 respectively, and experimental period is
July 1, continuous observation test fish searched for food during experiment to September 23 days, it is dead situations such as.After culture experiment, sample is gathered
Carry out the analysis of next step.Meanwhile every group randomly selects 20 tail test fish, intraperitoneal injection concentration is 1 × 107The thermophilic aqueous vapors of CFU/ml
Monad solution.48 it is small when after, acquisition sample carry out biochemical analysis.
Table 1 carries out the grouping feelings of carp kidney cell outdoor breeding experiment with the mixed feed that embodiment 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 makes
Condition
Table 2 with the mixed feed that embodiment 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 makes carry out carp outdoor breeding experiment growth performance and
Immune indexes result in blood plasma
It is tested by 85 days outdoor breedings, the test fish growth performance of control group and test group the results are shown in Table 2.Test data
It is the average ± standard error of numerical value in 4 net cages.The calculation formula of other indexs is as follows：
Rate of body weight gain (%)=(opisthosoma weight-first weight) × 100%/first weight
Special growth rate (%)=(the first counterpoises of Ln ends counterpoise-Ln) × 100%/experiment number of days
Feed coefficient=food ration/(opisthosoma weight-first weight)
Survival rate (%)=survival fish mantissa × 100%/puts fish tail number in a suitable place to breed
Protein efficiency ratio=(opisthosoma weight-first weight)/(food ration × crude protein content of feed)
Specific energy (%)=[(opisthosoma weight × fish body nutrient content-first weight × fish body nutrient content)] × 100%/(is taken the photograph
Appetite × feed nutrient content)
As shown in Table 2, the rate of body weight gain of test group, special growth rate and energy retention rate are above positive and negative control group,
In, rate of body weight gain, special growth rate and the energy retention rate of 2 carp of test group are significantly higher than positive and negative control group (P<0.05).This table
It is bright：The fish meal economizing type compound feed for carps of test group can improve carp growth speed and efficiency of feed utilization, wherein, with experiment
The fish meal economizing type compound feed for carps best results of group 2, are the fish meal economizing type feed made by embodiment 2.In addition, examination
Test total protein, albumin, lysozyme, the complement C of 2 carps of group3With complement C4It is all remarkably higher than negative control group (P<0.05), this table
It is bright：Carp can be improved to a certain extent non-specific using the fish meal economizing type compound feed for carps by being made in embodiment 2
Property immunity.Result above reflects that (Main Nutrients are commercially available with commercial goods feed with positive and negative control group compound feed for carps
Commercial feed) it compares, the raw material of the fish meal economizing type compound feed for carps made in embodiment 2 chooses and allocation ratio more section
It learns, rationally, can not only improve carp growth speed, but also enhance carp immunity of organisms, resist so as to reduce the culture-cycle
The use of crude drug object.
Immune indexes result in each group test fish blood plasma after table 3 is coerced with Aeromonas hydrophila
| Project | Positive control group | Negative control group | Test group 1 | Test group 2 | Test group 3 | Test group 4 |
| Total protein (g/L) | 14.9±0.3e | 11.1±0.2a | 18.6±0.5b | 23.2±0.5c | 20.2±0.4d | 15.6±0.4e |
| Albumin (g/L) | 6.1±0.1ae | 5.6±0.1a | 7.9±0.3b | 11.2±0.2c | 8.7±0.1d | 6.9±0.2e |
| Lysozyme (μ g/ml) | 0.4±0.0ab | 0.3±0.0a | 0.5±0.1bc | 0.8±0.0d | 0.8±0.1cd | 0.4±0.1ab |
| Complement C3(μg/ml) | 41±0.5e | 22.2±0.6a | 63.0±3.8b | 112.3±2.7c | 82.1±1.0d | 47.4±0.7e |
| Complement C4(μg/ml) | 75.5±1.2e | 45.6±0.4a | 122.9±1.9b | 172.7±2.4c | 140.7±3.2d | 81.5±1.6e |
As shown in Table 3, after when Aeromonas hydrophila stress 48 is small, total protein, albumin, bacteriolyze in test group carp blood plasma
Enzyme, complement C3With complement C4Level is above positive and negative control group, wherein, each immune indexes value reaches in 2 carp blood plasma of test group
It is maximum.This shows：In the case where Aeromonas hydrophila is coerced, the fish meal economizing type mixed feed made in embodiment 2 can be by swashing
Live body carp vivo immunization response improves non-specific immunity, achievees the purpose that resist pathogen invasion.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of fish meal economizing type mixed feed for improving freshwater fish immunity, which is characterized in that by water and following parts by weight
Several raw materials are made：3~8 parts of fish meal, 1~7 part of yeast nucleotides, 20~28 parts of dregs of beans, 10~15 parts of rapeseed meal, Cottonseed Meal 10~
15 parts, 15~30 parts of starch, 5~9 parts of wheat bran, 1~2 part of fish oil, 1~2 part of soya-bean oil, 1~3 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, intensive culture fish is answered
0.3 part of 1 part of premix and salt are closed, the wherein dosage of water is the 5~10% of the raw material gross weight.
2. the fish meal economizing type mixed feed of freshwater fish immunity is improved according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by water
It is made with the raw material of following parts by weight：5.92 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of yeast nucleotides, 26.8 parts of dregs of beans, 12 parts of rapeseed meal, Cottonseed Meal
13 parts, 26.54 parts of starch, 6.85 parts of wheat bran, 1.51 parts of fish oil, 1.28 parts of soya-bean oil, 1.8 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, intensive culture fish is compound
0.3 part of 1 part of premix and salt, the dosage of water are the 5~10% of the raw material gross weight.
3. the fish meal economizing type mixed feed according to claim 1 or claim 2 for improving freshwater fish immunity, which is characterized in that
The yeast nucleotides obtain by the following method：Using fresh molasses culture medium carry out 12~13 it is small when oxygen consumption ferment, pass through
Solid-liquid separating equipment isolates yeast milk from tunning, and papain and nuclease is recycled to carry out water to yeast milk
Solution obtains yeast nucleotides finally by concentration and spray drying.
4. the fish meal economizing type mixed feed according to claim 1 or 2 for improving freshwater fish immunity, feature exist
In preparation method is as follows：
(1) solid material for needing to crush is crushed respectively, crosses 40 mesh sieves that sieve pore is 0.425mm；
(2) parts by weight described in accordance with the claim 1 weigh each raw material, by fish meal, yeast nucleotides, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, food
Salt and intensive culture fish compound premix are first pre-mixed, and are placed into mixing machine and are stirred with the raw material crushed in step (1)
It mixes and is uniformly mixed so as to obtain mixture；
(3) fish oil and soya-bean oil weighed is added in into the mixture that step (2) obtains, continues to stir and evenly mix；
(4) water is added in into the mixture that step (3) obtains again, wherein water is the 5~10% of all raw material gross weights, simultaneously
Heating, makes the temperature of mixture be maintained at 90~95 DEG C, and continues to stir and evenly mix 5min to get to mixture；
(5) particle that grain size is 1~2mm is made in the mixture obtained in above-mentioned steps (4) with granulator；
(6) particle obtained in step (5) is dehydrated, cools down and is dried with air-cooler, you can.
5. according to any fish meal economizing type mixed feeds for improving freshwater fish immunity of claim 1-4, feature exists
In the freshwater fish be carp, megalobrama amblycephala, crucian, grass carp, silver carp and black carp, preferably carp.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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