CN108037171A - 一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法和应用,该制备方法为:以四丁基氢氧化铵的水溶液作为电解液;以高纯石墨棒作为工作电极,铂丝电极作为对电极,甘汞电极作为参比电极,采用恒电位计时电流法电解石墨棒;将电解后的溶液进行过滤以除去石墨烯片层,再通过透析袋透析,得到水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点。本发明的制备方法工艺简单、原料廉价易得、制备时间短,所制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点具有分散性于水相好、荧光寿命长、量子产率高及生物相容性好等特点,在生命样品的荧光检测及成像领域有非常好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于纳米材料技术领域,具体涉及一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,石墨烯量子点作为一种新型的量子点,因其独特的性能引起了人们的广泛关注。石墨烯量子点(GQDs)由于具有毒性低、荧光性能稳定、水中分散性高以及生物相容性良好等优点,已经在细胞成像和生物传感等多个生命科学领域展现了巨大的潜在应用价值。更为重要的是,GQDs的性质可以通过控制其尺寸、边缘形状以及剪裁其电子结构得到进一步调控。其中,杂原子掺杂是调控 GQDs电子结构的最为有效的途经,杂原子的掺杂可以调控GQDs的带宽并提高其荧光量子产率。由于氮原子与碳原子具有相似的原子半径,从而被视为最为理想的掺杂对象。
目前已经发展了多种制备氮掺杂石墨烯量子点(NGQDs)的方法,包括气相沉积法、水热法、微波法及电化学方法等。其中电化学方法是一种简单、快速且无需强酸、高温处理的制备NGQDs的简单方法。但是,目前电化学方法制备NGQDs 主要以四丁基高氯酸铵(TBAP)为N源,而TBAP不溶于水,而溶于乙腈(在乙腈中溶解度0.1g/mL)。该方法制备得到的NGQDs分散在乙腈相中,无法直接用于生命样品的分析检测,从而限制了其在生命科学领域的应用。而如果将量子点从有机相转移到水相中,相转移过程会导致量子产率的大幅降低。
发明内容
鉴于此,本发明的目的是提供一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法和应用,该方法成功制备了水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点,并且所获得的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点具有荧光性能稳定、量子产率高及生物相容性好的特点,可直接应用于生命样品的荧光检测与成像研究。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)配置四丁基氢氧化铵溶液;
步骤2)以步骤1)制得的四丁基氢氧化铵溶液作为电解液,以高纯石墨棒作为工作电极,铂丝电极作为对电极,甘汞电极作为参比电极,构成三电极电化学工作系统;
步骤3)在步骤2)所述电化学工作系统中采用恒电位计时电流法电解石墨棒;
步骤4)将经步骤3)电解后的溶液进行过滤,除去剥落的石墨烯片层;
步骤5)将经步骤4)过滤后的液体放入透析袋,经透析纯化后,即得所述水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点。
优选的,步骤3)所述电解石墨棒的工作电压为3~5V,电解时间为1h。
优选的,步骤4)制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的粒径为3~6nm,平均粒径为 4.3nm。
优选的,步骤4)制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的浓度为0.1~0.2mg/mL。
一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点在生命样品的荧光检测与成像研究上的应用。
本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明提供的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法合成工艺简单,所需原料便宜易得,危险性小且绿色环保,提供了一种在电化学制备水相中高分散氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的新方法。
(2)本发明制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点在水中分散性高、量子产率高、生物相容性好,可直接应用于生命样品(如蛋白质、核酸及细胞等)的荧光检测和成像分析。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的透射电镜图;
图2为实施例1制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的XPS能谱图;
图3为实施例1和2制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的荧光光谱图;
图4为用MTT法评价实施例1制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点对MCF-10A细胞的毒性的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步阐述。
实施例1
配制0.1mol/L四丁基氢氧化铵溶液,加入20mL该溶液到电解池中,以10 cm高纯石墨棒作为工作电极,铂丝电极作为对电极,甘汞电极作为参比电极插入到电解池中;采用恒电位计时电流法电解石墨棒,设置工作电压为3~5V,电解时间1h;将电解后的溶液用孔径0.22μm的滤头过滤3次;然后将滤液装入透析袋(截留量为3500Da)中,透析48h,每隔12h换一次水,即可得水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点,浓度为0.1mg/mL。
实施例2
配制0.1mol/L四丁基氢氧化铵溶液,加入20mL该溶液到电解池中,以10 cm高纯石墨棒作为工作电极,铂丝电极作为对电极,甘汞电极作为参比电极插入到电解池中;采用恒电位计时电流法电解石墨棒,设置工作电压为3~5V,电解时间1h;将电解后的溶液用孔径0.22μm的滤头过滤3次;然后将滤液装入透析袋(截留量为3500Da)中,透析48h,每隔12h换一次水,即可得水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点,浓度为0.2mg/mL。
测试例1
实施例1制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点(NGQDs)的透射电镜照片如图1所示,图1的表征说明,其粒径分布均匀(3~6nm,平均粒径为4.3nm),在水中分散性高;实施例1制备的NGQDs的光电子能谱XPS如图2所示,由图2可知,制备的NGQDs中N含量为5.3%;实施例1和2制备的NGQDs的荧光性能测试结果如图3所示,由图3可知,NGQDs在365nm的紫外灯照射下发蓝光,表现出典型的激发光波长依赖特性,最佳激发波长为360nm,此时最大荧光发射光谱在427nm和455nm处分别出现两个发射峰,分别对应于量子点中sp2杂化碳区域的π–π*跃迁和由含氧、氮官能团对应的n–π*跃迁。
我们以硫酸奎宁(溶于硫酸,浓度为0.1mol/L)为参照物质,测量了实施例1制备的NGQDs的荧光量子产率为12.2%。并用MTT比色法评价了所得NGQDs对细胞的毒性,如图4所示。具体做法为:在96孔中孵育正常人乳腺细胞MCF-10A,向其中加入100μL NGQDs分散液(0.1mg/mL),在37℃作用24 h。弃去培养基和未与细胞作用的NGQDs,用PBS冲洗3次。然后,在96孔板中加入培养基和10μL MTT溶液(5mg/mL,PBS,pH 7.4),在37℃共同孵育 4h,弃去培养基,每孔再加100μL二甲基亚砜(DMSO),用酶标仪在550nm 的波长下测量吸光度,结果表明作用24h后细胞活性仍维持在92%,说明所制备的NGQDs具有高的生物相容性,可直接用于生命样品的荧光检测与成像研究。
对比例1
配制0.1mol/L四丁基高氯酸铵(TBAP)乙腈溶液,取20mL该溶液加入到电解池中,以长度为10cm的纯石墨棒作为工作电极,铂丝作为对电极,甘汞电极作为参比电极,采用恒电位计时电流法电解石墨棒,设置工作电压为3~5V,电解时间2h;电解后的溶液用孔径0.22μm的滤头过滤3次;蒸发除去滤液中的乙腈;将剩下的物质分散在20mL水中,并装入透析袋(截留量为3500Da),在90℃时透析48h,每隔12h换一次水,即可将NGQDs转移至水相。此时测得NGQDs的荧光量子产率为3.6%,远低于直接在水相中电解得到的NGQDs的量子产率(12.2%)。
对比例2
配制0.1mol/L四丁基高氯酸铵(TBAP)乙腈溶液,取20mL该溶液加入到电解池中,以长度为10cm的纯石墨棒作为工作电极,铂丝作为对电极,甘汞电极作为参比电极,采用恒电位计时电流法电解石墨棒,设置工作电压为3~5V,电解时间2h;电解后的溶液用孔径0.22μm的滤头过滤3次;将滤液装入透析袋 (截留量为3500Da),透析48h,每隔12h换一次乙腈,即可将分散在乙腈中的NGQDs。将其与细胞作用24h,MTT测试结果表明细胞死亡率为98%。说明乙腈相中的NGQDs的生物相容性远远低于水相中的NGQDs。
Claims (5)
1.一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)配置四丁基氢氧化铵溶液;
步骤2)以步骤1)制得的四丁基氢氧化铵溶液作为电解液,以高纯石墨棒作为工作电极,铂丝电极作为对电极,甘汞电极作为参比电极,构成三电极电化学工作系统;
步骤3)在步骤2)所述电化学工作系统中采用恒电位计时电流法电解石墨棒;
步骤4)将经步骤3)电解后的溶液进行过滤,除去剥落的石墨烯片层;
步骤5)将经步骤4)过滤后的液体放入透析袋,经透析纯化后,即得所述水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)所述电解石墨棒的工作电压为3~5V,电解时间为1h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的粒径为3~6nm,平均粒径为4.3nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)制备的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点的浓度为0.1~0.2mg/mL。
5.权利要求1所述的制备方法制备的水相中高分散的氮掺杂石墨烯量子点在生命样品的荧光检测与成像研究上的应用。
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