CN108029471A - A kind of spinach growing nursery and culture method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating spinach seedlings, which comprises the following steps: step 1, preparing a seedling-raising substrate: mixing peat soil, perlite and vermiculite with water; Lightly fill each hole of the plug tray, lightly press a small hole in each hole; step 3, sowing: sow the seeds in the small holes of each hole of the plug tray, 1 seed per hole, cover with seedling substrate and water ; Step 4, seedling stage management: control the temperature at 15-20°C, humidity 80-85%, topdressing when 3 true leaves emerge; step 5, transplanting and planting: planting when 5-6 true leaves emerge. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of simple operation, fast germination, neat seedling emergence and high survival rate of seedling emergence. By adopting the technical solution of the invention, the spinach can be grown first and then transplanted, the field growth period of the spinach is greatly shortened, the stubble arrangement is convenient, and the land use efficiency is improved.

Description

A kind of spinach seedling cultivation cultivation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable cultivation and breeding, in particular to a method for cultivating spinach seedlings.

Background technique

Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) is one of the important economic leaf vegetable crops, which has a short growth cycle and high multiple cropping index, and is widely planted in the north and south of my country. Spinach is rich in nutrients, rich in cellulose, vitamins, carotene, iron, calcium and other elements. my country is the largest producer and consumer of spinach in the world, with an annual output of more than 12 million tons, accounting for about 90% of the world's total output.

With the development of urban modern agriculture, the new form of vegetable soilless cultivation has become more mature in crops such as green vegetables or lettuce, and because of its high production efficiency, safety and pollution-free, good yield and quality, high output value, cultivation facilities are not restricted by land And well received. Soilless cultivation of vegetables must first solve the technology of plug seedling cultivation. The plug seedlings are based on peat, vermiculite, etc., and the plug trays with different holes are used as containers. Modern seedling system. It has wide adaptability, fast seedling growth, tightly intertwined root system and substrate, no or short seedling growth period after planting, high survival rate, and is suitable for long-distance transportation. But at present the cultivation of spinach in production is mainly based on direct seeding in the open field or in greenhouses, and there is no mode of cultivation of spinach seedlings in plug trays. Because the spinach seed epidermis adheres to a layer of gelatin, the emergence of spinach is slow and irregular according to conventional sowing. In production practice, it is often necessary to pretreat spinach seeds to improve the germination rate of spinach seeds and shorten the germination time, such as using hydrogen peroxide solution to soak seeds, or other soaking agents (such as sodium selenate 20-30ppm, naphthaleneacetic acid Sodium 10-15ppm, Brassinolide 1-3ppm, DA-610-15ppm, Sodium Selenite 8-10ppm, Imidacloprid 20-30ppm, Vitamin B11-3ppm, Vitamin B21-3ppm, Potassium Nitrate 20-30ppm, Fulvic Acid 10-15ppm, brown sugar 0.2-0.4%, borax 0.2-0.4%, and the balance is water) for pretreatment, the pretreatment steps are loaded down with trivial details, increase planting cost, and the use of multiple chemical components may also affect food safety.

Contents of the invention

In order to improve the survival rate of emergence and reduce the cost of spinach cultivation, the invention provides a method for cultivating spinach seedlings, and its technical scheme is as follows:

The invention provides a kind of method for growing spinach seedlings, which adopts hole trays to grow seedlings, comprising the following steps:

Step 1, preparing seedling substrate: mix peat soil, perlite and vermiculite with water;

Peat soil is a natural product formed by the slow and incomplete decomposition of plant residues by anaerobic microorganisms under watery and anaerobic conditions. It is an excellent cultivation medium; perlite is a kind of white granular material with a honeycomb structure inside, which is made of perlite ore after preheating and instantaneous high-temperature roasting expansion. It has a loose internal structure and can retain water. Normal exchange of gas, fertilizer and regulation of soil compaction; vermiculite is a mica-like secondary siliceous mineral, which has high porosity, contains a large amount of mineral nutrients, and has high buffering and ion exchange capabilities. When the three substrate components are mixed in an appropriate ratio, an optimized seedling raising effect can be obtained.

Step 2. Filling the plug tray: gently fill each hole of the plug tray with the seedling substrate in step 1, and lightly press a small hole in each hole;

Step 3, sowing: sow the seeds in the small holes of each hole of the plug tray, 1 seed per hole, cover with the seedling substrate and water;

Step 4, seedling stage management: control temperature 15～20 ℃, humidity 80～85%, topdress when 3 true leaves after emergence;

Step 5, transplanting and planting: planting when there are 5 to 6 true leaves after emergence.

Preferably, in the above step 1, the mass ratio of peat soil, perlite and vermiculite is 3:1:1.

Preferably, in the above step 2, the tray has 72 holes, and the depth of the small holes is 1.0-1.5 cm.

Preferably, in the above step 3, the seeds are selected seeds, and the germination or dry seeds are sown, and the seedling-raising substrate is covered with a thickness of 0.5-1.0 cm.

Preferably, in the above step 4, urea is sprayed as top dressing, and the urea concentration is 7-10 g/L.

Preferably, in the above step 5, the distance between planting plants is controlled to be 8-10 cm, and the row spacing is 15-20 cm.

The advantages of the present invention are:

The cultivation method for growing spinach seedlings in plug trays provided by the invention has low cost, simple operation process, labor-saving and high efficiency, uniform growth of seedlings, rapid seedling growth, complete root system, no disease spread, high survival rate, and is also more suitable for long-distance transportation; and It is convenient for stubble arrangement and improves land use efficiency; it can be processed in large quantities and is easy to promote. It can be used in spinach hydroponic cultivation and mechanized planting cultivation, or avoid the season when the environmental conditions of open field and greenhouse cultivation are not suitable for cultivation.

It should be understood that within the scope of the present invention, the above-mentioned technical features of the present invention and the technical features specifically described in the following (such as embodiments) can be combined with each other to form new or preferred technical solutions. Due to space limitations, we will not repeat them here. Therefore, all equivalents or modifications that do not deviate from the principles disclosed in the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in order to fully illustrate the purpose, technical features and technical effects of the present invention.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 has shown the growth situation of spinach plug seedling cultivation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting, the scope of the present invention being limited only by the appended claims.

The specific embodiment of the spinach plug seedling cultivation method provided by the invention is as follows:

Step 1. Preparation of seedling substrate: Mix peat soil, perlite and vermiculite with water at a ratio of 3:1:1 and mix evenly. The substrate needs to be fully moistened before placing it on a plate. degree.

Step 2. Load the trays: fill the entire 72-hole tray with the well-mixed and moistened matrix, and be careful not to compact it when loading the trays to ensure that the matrix in the holes is even and loose; after the tray is loaded, stack the trays to Press down to press out a seeding hole with a depth of 1.0-1.5 cm.

Step 3. Sowing: sow dry seeds or pregerminated seeds in the middle of the small holes of the plug, 1 to 2 seeds per hole, cover with seedling substrate and water, the covering thickness is 0.5 ~ 1.0 cm, watering should be thoroughly watered .

Step 4, seedling stage management: after the seeds are sown, the temperature is controlled at 15-20° C., and the humidity is 80-85%. Water should be sprayed in time before and after the emergence of spinach seeds; in summer, water should be sprayed in the afternoon or evening on a sunny day, but it should be based on the fact that there are no water droplets on the leaves at night, and the ventilation, waterproof, shade and insect protection should be strengthened to avoid high temperatures in the shed. Seedlings or seedlings are sunburned. Spray water at noon in winter, and cover straw mats or supplement heating in winter. Spray urea as top dressing when 2 to 3 true leaves emerge after emergence, with a concentration of 7 to 10 g/L.

Step 5, transplanting and planting: the spinach seedlings can be planted when they grow to 5-6 true leaves. Spray water on the hole tray before planting, so that the roots of the seedlings will have more substrates to prevent the substrates from loosening and falling. When planting, spinach seedlings with 5 to 6 true leaves with consistent growth and robustness should be selected for transplanting and planting. When planting, the plant spacing is 8-10 cm, and the row spacing is 15-20 cm.

Generally speaking, summer should be transplanted on cloudy days or in the evening. It is advisable to plant shallowly when transplanting in the field, and water it thoroughly after planting. The temperature in summer and autumn is high, and water once in the morning and evening. Generally, it can survive in 3 to 5 days.

By adopting the above technical scheme, the survival rate of spinach seedlings can reach more than 99%, the seedling age is shortened by 10-15 days compared with conventional seedlings, and the greenhouse area for seedling cultivation can be reduced by 90%, which is significantly improved compared with the prior art. The technical solution is low in cost, easy to popularize, easy to realize mechanized automatic control, and can greatly improve land utilization efficiency and labor efficiency.

The preferred specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. It should be understood that those skilled in the art can make many modifications and changes according to the concept of the present invention without creative efforts. Therefore, all technical solutions that can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the prior art shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of spinach growing nursery and culture method, it is characterised in that the method uses hole plate seedling growth, comprises the following steps：

Step 1, prepare seedling medium：Turfy soil, perlite and vermiculite are mixed with water；

Step 2, dress hole tray：The seedling medium in step 1 is gently filled up to each hole of the hole tray, is gently pressed per cave One aperture；

Step 3, sowing：By seed sowing in the aperture in each hole of the hole tray, per 1, cave, educated with described Water after the covering of seedling matrix；

Step 4, seedling management：Control 15~20 DEG C of temperature, humidity 80~85%, top dressing during 3 true leaves after emergence；

Step 5, transplant planting：It is colonized after emergence during 5~6 true leaves.

2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step 1, the turfy soil, the perlite and The mass ratio of the vermiculite is 3：1：1.

3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step 2, the hole tray is 72 holes, the aperture Depth be 1.0~1.5 centimetres.

4. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step 3, the seed is elite seed, vernalization Or dry seed sowing, the seedling medium cladding thickness are 0.5~1.0 centimetre.

5. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step 4, using urea top dressing is sprayed, urea is dense Spend for 7~10 g/l.

6. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step 5, control is colonized 8~10 centimetres of spacing in the rows, OK Away from 15~20 centimetres.