CN107999109B - 一种氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料的制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料的制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- -1 transition metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- AMMWFYKTZVIRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium 3-hydroxy-4-[(1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)diazenyl]-7-nitronaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(N=NC3=C4C=CC(=CC4=C(C=C3O)S(O)(=O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C21 AMMWFYKTZVIRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- ORZHVTYKPFFVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N xylenol orange Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CC1=C(O)C(C)=CC(C2(C3=CC=CC=C3S(=O)(=O)O2)C=2C=C(CN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O)C(O)=C(C)C=2)=C1 ORZHVTYKPFFVMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC(C2=NNN=N2)=C1 KWSLGOVYXMQPPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L congo red Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=CC2=C(N)C(/N=N/C3=CC=C(C=C3)C3=CC=C(C=C3)/N=N/C3=C(C4=CC=CC=C4C(=C3)S([O-])(=O)=O)N)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C21 IQFVPQOLBLOTPF-HKXUKFGYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M methylene blue Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 CXKWCBBOMKCUKX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000404 tripotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019798 tripotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
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- KSZZNVMRUFCPQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,6-dimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ol Chemical compound CC1C=CC=CC1(C)O KSZZNVMRUFCPQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012456 homogeneous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 4
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001116 FEMA 4028 Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004853 betadex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- LQEQXNYQQIBNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethynylphosphane Chemical compound PC#C LQEQXNYQQIBNEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- HEQBUZNAOJCRSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(ii) chromite Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Cr+3].[Fe+3] HEQBUZNAOJCRSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl phosphate Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)OC WVLBCYQITXONBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料的制备方法,是先将指示剂超声溶解在水中,再在搅拌下加入过渡金属盐,室温下搅拌12~48小时,过滤,产物用水和乙醇洗涤,真空干燥,得前驱体;然后在氮气气氛中将前驱体高温碳化得多孔碳材料;最后将多孔碳材料与含磷盐混合后,在高温下进行磷化处理,得到共掺杂碳材料。本发明以指示剂为N、S、P及C源,其原料来源广泛,制备工艺简单,成本低;制备的共掺杂的碳材料中,掺杂的各元素即相互独立,又通过协同作用,大大提升了碳材料的催化活性,并表现出良好OER和HER催化活性,是一种可替代贵金属的和OER双功能催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种掺杂碳材料的制备,尤其涉及一种氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料的制备,主要用作酸性介质中电解水析氢反应(HER)和碱性介质中电解水析氧反应(OER)。
背景技术
当今世界越来越多的化石能源被消耗,即将面临着化石能源枯竭的危机,人们迫切需要寻找一种新的可持续能源方式代替传统能源。在开发新能源的各种方法中,电解已被认为是生产氢燃料和水分解后产氧的最有效方法之一。氢能是未来清洁能源的良好选择,不仅制氢原料价格低廉,而且燃烧对环境不会造成污染,所以,氢气的发展具有重大的潜力。电催化分解水析氧(OER)也被认为是最清洁的可循环技术之一。它的来源丰富,并且制得的产物可循环,氢气与氧气燃烧又生成水。所以我们迫切需要寻找一种新型高效的电解水析氢和析氧的催化剂,来实现可持续能源的应用。
目前,贵金属Pt/C催化剂应用非常广泛,但是由于贵金属价格昂贵,资源稀少,且在实验中化学稳定性较差,限制其在生活生产中的大规模使用。因此开发一种经济并且有效的双功能电催化剂同时用于析氢反应与析氧反应仍是一个巨大的挑战。杂原子掺杂碳材料已被广泛研究。氮掺杂是一种对碳材料进行改性修饰的有效途径。掺氮碳材料不仅改变氮附近的电子云密度,使其具有良好的电子传导性,而且大大改善碳材料的表面吸附金属离子的活性位点,并且稳定金属多孔碳纳米离子,使纳米粒子均匀的镶嵌在碳纳米片中,有利于获得高分散性金属负载型催化剂。将磷引入碳材料中会使碳材料表面产生大量缺陷,这些缺陷不仅可以提高更多的活性位点,大大增加催化反应速率,而且会为碳材料提供大量的成核位点,这样就能更好的控制合成碳材料的形貌和尺寸大小。而掺硫的碳材料,因为硫原子和碳原子电负性相近,但硫原子的半径比碳原子的半径却大的多,所以在碳材料中引入硫元素会打破碳材料原有的结构,让碳材料具有新的特性。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料的制备方法;
本发明的另一目的是提供上述氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料在HER和OER反应中的电催化活性和应用。
一、N、S、P共掺杂碳材料的制备
(1)多孔碳材料的制备:先将指示剂超声溶解在水中,再在搅拌下加入过渡金属盐,室温下搅拌12~48小时,过滤,产物用水和乙醇洗涤,60~100℃下真空干燥,得前驱体;然后在氮气气氛中,将前驱体于500~1000℃下高温碳化1~5h,即得多孔碳材料。
所述指示剂为刚果红、金橙、甲基橙、二甲酚橙、亚甲基蓝、钙指示剂、铬黑T中的一种;所述过渡金属盐为铁、钴、镍的氯化物或硝酸盐;指示剂与过渡金属盐的摩尔比为:1:1~1:15。
(2)碳材料的磷化:将碳材料与含磷盐以1:1~1:50的质量比混合后,在200~800℃下热处理1~5h,得到磷化碳材料。
所述含磷盐为次亚磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸钠、磷酸三甲中的一种。
为了便于比较,将磷化碳材料标记为:X-Ind-MP @ T1-T2。其中X代表指示剂和金属盐的摩尔比,Ind代表指示剂,M代表金属元素,T1代表碳化的温度,T2代表磷化的温度。
二、催化剂的结构表征
下面以样品1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600为例,对本发明制备的催化剂的形貌进行表征。
图1为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的SEM图。由图1可以得出该碳材料具有纳米片结构,厚度约为40 nm,是一种多孔的碳材料。1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的多孔纳米片结构增大催化剂的比表面积,增加催化活性位点,使催化剂催化HER和OER活性更佳。
图2为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的TEM图。由图2可以得出球状磷化物纳米粒子较为均匀的镶嵌在碳纳米片中,其大大提高了磷化物纳米粒子的分散度和催化剂的催化活性。
图3为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的XRD图。由图3可以得出1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600含有Ni2P和Ni5P4的衍射峰,1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600由Ni2P和Ni5P4的共同作用一起催化HER和OER。
三、电催化性能测试
以样品1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600为例,对本发明制备的催化剂的性能进行测试。
1、电解水析氢测试
电解水析氢测试(HER)是在三电极体系中,通过电化学工作站控制完成的,以石墨电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,负载了催化剂的玻碳电极为工作电极。电解质溶液为0.5M H2SO4。
将2.5mg 1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600催化剂分散在0.98mL无水乙醇和0.2ml的水中,超声30min分散至均匀。取5μL涂到玻碳电极上,在室温下自然晾干,最终得到了负载催化剂的工作电极。
图4、5分别为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的HER的Lsv图和Tafel斜率图。由图4、5可以看出,催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的过电位为377mv,tafel斜率为133mV/dec,比较相同条件下Pt/C催化剂的HER的Lsv图和Tafel斜率图,过电位及Tafel斜率略低于Pt/C催化剂,但电流密度高于Pt/C,证明1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600有较低的过电位和较小的tafel斜率,且电流密度高,稳定性好,对HER表现出了良好的催化活性。
2、电解水析氧测试
电解水析氧测试(OER)是通过电化学工作站控制完成。使用三电极体系,其中石墨电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,工作电极是负载催化剂的玻碳电极。电解液为0.1M KOH溶液。
将2.5mg 1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600催化剂分散在0.98mL无水乙醇和0.2ml的水中,超声30min分散至均匀。取7μL涂到旋转圆盘电极上,在室温下自然晾干,最终得到了负载催化剂的工作电极。
图6、7为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的OER的Lsv图和Tafel斜率图。由图6、7可以看出,催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的过电位为490mv,tafel斜率为126mV/dec。比较相同条件下Pt/C催化剂的OER的Lsv图和Tafel斜率图,1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600过电位略高于Pt/C,但是塔菲尔斜率低于Pt/C催化剂。这证明1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @600-600有较低的过电位和较小的tafel斜率,且电流密度高,稳定性好。对OER表现出了良好的催化活性。
本发明相比现有催化剂体系具有以下优点:
1、本发明制备的共掺杂的碳材料,掺杂的各元素即相互独立,又通过协同作用,大大提升了碳材料的催化活性,且稳定性好;
2、本发明制备过程没有使用任何贵金属,以指示剂为N、S、P及C源其原料来源广泛,成本低,并表现出良好OER和HER催化活性,是一种可替代贵金属的和OER双功能催化剂。
附图说明
图1为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的SEM图。
图2为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的TEM图。
图3为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的XRD图。
图4为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的HER的Lsv图。
图5为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的HER的Tafel斜率图。
图6为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的OER的Lsv图。
图7为催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的OER的Tafel斜率图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明催化剂的制备及用于HER和OER反应的性能作进一步说明。
实施例一、催化剂 1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的制备
将1mol二甲酚橙(XO)超声溶解在20ml H2O中形成均匀的溶液,在搅拌下缓慢加入Ni(NO3)2·6H2O(二甲酚橙与Ni(NO3)2·6H2O的摩尔比为1:2),在室温下搅拌24小时,过滤并收集产生的沉淀,用水和乙醇各洗涤3次,80℃真空干燥。干燥后的样品在高纯度N2保护下600℃高温碳化3h,得到碳材料。将碳材料与磷酸氢二钠按1:10质量比混合后,在N2气氛600℃磷化3h,即得催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600。
电解水析氢测试:在三电极体系中,通过电化学工作站控制完成。其中石墨电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,工作电极是负载催化剂的玻碳电极。电解液为0.5M H2SO4溶液,将2.5mg 1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600催化剂分散在0.98mL无水乙醇和0.2ml的水中,超声30min分散至均匀。取5μL涂到玻碳电极上,在室温下自然晾干,最终得到了负载催化剂的工作电极。测试结果:催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的过电位为377mv,tafel斜率为133mV/dec。
电解水析氧测试:使用三电极体系,其中石墨电极为对电极,Ag/AgCl电极为参比电极,工作电极是负载催化剂的玻碳电极。电解液为0.1M KOH溶液,将2.5mg 1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600催化剂分散在0.98mL无水乙醇和0.2ml的水中,超声30min分散至均匀。取7μL涂到旋转圆盘电极上,在室温下自然晾干,最终得到了负载催化剂的工作电极。测试结果:催化剂1:2-二甲酚橙-NiP @ 600-600的过电位为490mv,tafel斜率为126 mV/dec。
实施例二、催化剂 1:2-甲基橙-NiP @ 600-600的制备
将1mol甲基橙(MO)超声溶解在20ml H2O中形成均匀的溶液,在搅拌下缓慢加入Ni(NO3)2·6H2O(甲基橙与Ni(NO3)2·6H2O的摩尔比为1:2),在室温下搅拌24小时,过滤并收集产生的沉淀,用水和乙醇各洗涤3次,80℃真空干燥。干燥后的样品在高纯度N2保护下600℃高温碳化3h,得到碳材料。将碳材料与磷酸氢二钠按1:10质量比混合后,在N2气氛600℃磷化3h,即得催化剂1:2-甲基橙-NiP @ 600-600。
电解水析氢测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1。测试结果:催化剂1:2-甲基橙-NiP@ 600-600的过电位为458mv,tafel斜率为172mV/dec。
电解水析氧测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1。测试结果:催化剂1:2-甲基橙-NiP@ 600-600的过电位为511mv,tafel斜率为150 mV/dec。
实施例三、催化剂 1:5-铬黑T -CoP @ 500-300的制备
将1mol铬黑T(EBT)超声溶解在20ml H2O中形成均匀的溶液,在搅拌下缓慢加入CoCl2·6H2O(铬黑T与CoCl2·6H2O的摩尔比为1:5),在室温下搅拌24小时,过滤并收集产生的沉淀,用水和乙醇各洗涤3次,80℃真空干燥。干燥后的样品在高纯度N2保护下500℃高温碳化3h,得到碳材料。将碳材料与磷酸氢二钠按1:10质量比混合后,在N2气氛300℃磷化3h,即得催化剂1:5-铬黑T-CoP @ 500-300。
电解水析氢测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1;测试结果:催化剂1:5-铬黑T-CoP @500-300的过电位为309mv,tafel斜率为100 mV/dec。
电解水析氧测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1;测试结果:催化剂1:5-铬黑T-CoP @500-300的过电位为548mv,tafel斜率为162 mV/dec。
实施例四、催化剂 1:5-铬黑T -FeP @ 500-300的制备
将1mol铬黑T(EBT)超声溶解在20ml H2O中形成均匀的溶液,在搅拌下缓慢加入FeCl3·6H2O(铬黑T与FeCl3·6H2O的摩尔比为1:5),在室温下搅拌24小时,过滤并收集产生的沉淀,用水和乙醇各洗涤3次,80℃真空干燥。干燥后的样品在高纯度N2保护下500℃高温碳化3h,得到碳材料。将碳材料与磷酸氢二钠按1:10质量比混合后,在N2气氛300℃磷化3h,即得催化剂1:5-EBT- FeP @ 500-300。
电解水析氢测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1;测试结果:催化剂1:5-铬黑T-FeP @500-300的过电位为325mv,tafel斜率为106 mV/dec。
电解水析氧测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1;测试结果:催化剂1:5-铬黑T-FeP @500-300的过电位为547mv,tafel斜率为141 mV/dec。
实施例五、催化剂 1:10-铬黑T-CoP @ 500-300的制备
将1mol铬黑T(EBT)超声溶解在20ml H2O中形成均匀的溶液,在搅拌下缓慢加入CoCl2·6H2O(铬黑T与CoCl2·6H2O的摩尔比为1:10),在室温下搅拌24小时,过滤并收集产生的沉淀,用水和乙醇各洗涤3次,80℃真空干燥。干燥后的样品在高纯度N2保护下500℃高温碳化3h,得到碳材料。将碳材料与磷酸氢二钠按1:10质量比混合后,在N2气氛300℃磷化3h,即得催化剂1:10-铬黑T-CoP @ 500-300。
电解水析氢测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1;测试结果:催化剂1:10-铬黑T-CoP@ 500-300的过电位为377mv,tafel斜率为127 mV/dec。
电解水析氧测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1;测试结果:催化剂1:10-铬黑T -CoP@ 500-300的过电位为499mv,tafel斜率为140 mV/dec。
实施例六、催化剂 1:5-铬黑T -CoP @ 900-300的制备
将1mol铬黑T(EBT)超声溶解在20ml H2O中形成均匀的溶液,在搅拌下缓慢加入CoCl2·6H2O(铬黑T与CoCl2·6H2O的摩尔比为1:5),在室温下搅拌24小时,过滤并收集产生的沉淀,用水和乙醇各洗涤3次,80℃真空干燥。干燥后的样品在高纯度N2保护下900℃高温碳化3h,得到碳材料。将碳材料与磷酸氢二钠按1:10质量比混合后,在N2气氛300℃磷化3h,即得催化剂1:5-EBT-CoP @ 900-300。
电解水析氢测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1;测试结果:催化剂1:5-铬黑T-CoP @900-300的过电位为365mv,tafel斜率为131 mV/dec。
电解水析氧测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1;测试结果:催化剂1:5-铬黑T-CoP @900-300的过电位为439mv,tafel斜率为121 mV/dec。
实施例七、催化剂 1:5-铬黑T-CoP @ 500-800的制备
将1mol铬黑T(EBT)超声溶解在20ml H2O中形成均匀的溶液,在搅拌下缓慢加入CoCl2·6H2O(铬黑T与CoCl2·6H2O的摩尔比为1:5),在室温下搅拌24小时,过滤并收集产生的沉淀,用水和乙醇各洗涤3次,80℃真空干燥。干燥后的样品在高纯度N2保护下500℃高温碳化3h,得到碳材料。将碳材料与磷酸氢二钠按1:10质量比混合后,在N2气氛800℃磷化3h,即得催化剂1:5-铬黑T -CoP @ 500-800。
电解水析氢测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1;测试结果:催化剂1:5-铬黑T -CoP@ 500-800的过电位为383mv,tafel斜率为137 mV/dec。
电解水析氧测试:测试条件和方法同实施例1;测试结果:催化剂1:5-铬黑T -CoP@ 500-800的过电位为510mv,tafel斜率为127 mV/dec。
Claims (6)
1.一种氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料的制备方法,是先将指示剂超声溶解在水中,再在搅拌下加入过渡金属盐,室温下搅拌12~48小时,过滤,产物用水和乙醇洗涤,真空干燥,得前驱体;然后在氮气气氛中将前驱体高温碳化得多孔碳材料;最后将多孔碳材料与含磷盐混合后,在高温下进行磷化处理,得到磷化碳材料;所述指示剂为刚果红、金橙、甲基橙、二甲酚橙、亚甲基蓝、钙指示剂、铬黑T中的一种;所述过渡金属盐为铁、钴、镍的氯化物或硝酸盐,指示剂与过渡金属盐的摩尔比为:1:1~1:15。
2.如权利要求1所述一种氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述高温碳化的温度为500~1000℃,碳化时间为1~8h。
3.如权利要求1所述一种氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述含磷盐为次亚磷酸钠、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸钠、磷酸三钾中的一种。
4.如权利要求1所述一种氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:多孔碳材料与含磷盐的质量比为1:1~1:50。
5.如权利要求1所述一种氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料的制备方法,其特征在于:碳材料的磷化温度为200~800℃,磷化时间为1~5h。
6.如权利要求1所述方法制备的氮、硫、磷共掺杂碳材料作为催化剂用于电解水析氢反应。
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