CN107984561B - 一种辅助加热制备环保胶合板的方法及环保胶合板 - Google Patents
一种辅助加热制备环保胶合板的方法及环保胶合板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环保胶合板,包括表板、胶黏体系层与芯板,所述表板与芯板通过胶黏体系层粘结成一整体,所述胶黏体系层包括辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂,所述环保胶合板的甲醛释放量<0.43mg/L。本发明还提供一种上述环保胶合板的制备方法。本发明中采用辅热手段一般胶合板热压温度可降低5~15℃,能耗更低。另外,本发明中制备得到的胶合板的甲醛释放量明显降低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于人造板加工领域,尤其涉及一种环保胶合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,随着我国持续健康的经济发展,国内家居装饰、家具制造等行业对人造板的需求也在迅猛增长。然而,木材人造板虽然有一些天然优势,但是由于其生产能耗大、污染大,在以可持续环保绿色发展为核心的社会理念下人造板的发展遇到的一定的阻碍。于是人造板加工中的节能减排成为了研究热点,而胶合板作为三板中能耗最低的人造板,对胶合板的制造工艺上的升级优化具有重大的意义。
在人造板生产制造过程中,胶合板是发展时间最悠久的。由于胶合板拥有容量小、比强度高、加工相对简单的优点,胶合板以其优越的性能被消费者及生产厂家所青睐。再加上其结构的合理性和生产过程中的可精细加工,其可以解决天然木材中的许多缺陷,提升木材的物理力学性能。与此同时,相比较于刨花板、纤维板,胶合板的加工能耗低,温室气体排放量也是最低的。因此胶合板在人造板行业具有重要的地位,在现代家居装饰、家具制造、包装等方面有广泛的应用。但现有胶合板生产过程中依然存在能耗高、加工成本高、甲醛释放量高等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷,提供一种低能耗、低成本、低甲醛释放、适合于工业化应用的、采用辅助加热手段制备得到的环保胶合板,并相应提供一种其制备方法。为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的技术方案为:
一种环保胶合板,包括表板、胶黏体系层与芯板,所述表板与芯板通过胶黏体系层粘结成一整体,所述胶黏体系层包括辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂,所述环保胶合板的甲醛释放量<0.43mg/L。
上述环保胶合板中,优选的,所述辅热添加剂为硫铝酸盐与钙钛矿,所述硫铝酸盐与钙钛矿的质量比为1~4:1。
上述环保胶合板中,优选的,所述辅热催化剂为磺酸与引发剂,所述引发剂为硅酸钠、硫氧镁与氯化镁中的一种或几种,所述磺酸与引发剂的质量比为1:2~5。
上述环保胶合板中,优选的,所述脲醛树脂胶黏剂由以下制备方法得到:
(1)将脲醛树脂改性剂加入纳米纤维素悬浮液中,混匀后干燥得到纳米纤维素纤丝;
(2)将甲醛溶液的pH调至7.0~9.0,再向甲醛溶液加入第一份尿素U1与步骤(1)中得到的纳米纤维素纤丝,加热保温得到反应液a;调节反应液a的pH至4.0~6.0后加入第二份尿素U2,继续保温反应得到反应液b;调节反应液b的pH至6.0~8.0后加入第三份尿素U3,继续保温反应得到反应液c;调节反应液c的pH至7.5~8.5后加入第四份尿素U4与添加剂,继续保温反应后降温出料得到脲醛树脂胶黏剂。
上述脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备方法中,优选的,优选的,U1、U2、U3与U4的质量比为5:3:1:1。
上述脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备方法中,优选的,所述脲醛树脂改性剂为硝酸铋、氯氧铋、二氧化锡和硫化锌中的一种或几种。上述改性剂具有较好的催化降解甲醛的作用,无论单个或复合使用,降解甲醛作用明显,且条件简单。在纳米纤维素中混合铋离子、硫粒子、锡离子、锌离子,通过干燥得到负载有铋离子、硫粒子、锡离子、锌离子的纳米纤维素纤丝,然后将其加入到胶黏剂中,可以得到具有分解游离甲醛作用的胶黏剂。
上述脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备方法中,优选的,加入U4时还同时加入添加剂C3N4与聚乙烯醇。C3N4作为一种复合催化材料可以产生光生电子空穴,具有较高量子效率,在反应后期加入可以有效消解甲醛,并可以在产品中持续发生作用,在反应结束后也能继续发生作用,消解未反应或者逆反应释放出的甲醛。聚乙烯醇为一种粘合纳米纤维素纤丝与胶黏剂的添加剂,采用C3N4与聚乙烯醇添加剂可以将纳米纤维素纤丝更有效的与脲醛树脂形成界面相容,C3N4负载于纳米纤维素上与脲醛树脂更好的融合而不至于沉淀,C3N4的催化降解作用可以达到最大化,以更多的消解甲醛。
上述脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备方法中,优选的,加入U1与步骤(1)中得到的纳米纤维素纤丝后加热至70~95℃并保温30~120min;加入U2后保温反应10~120min;加入U3后保温反应10~90min;加入U4后保温反应5~30min。反应温度和反应时间需要依据最终胶黏剂的性能来决定,温度高了反应速率增快,反应不好控制,易造成凝胶,温度过低,反应速度太慢。
上述脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备方法中,优选的,所述步骤(2)中甲醛、尿素、纳米纤维素纤丝与添加剂的用量按重量份计为:甲醛50~200份,尿素30~150份,纳米纤维素纤丝1~30份,添加剂1~20份。另外,碱调节剂为1~30份,酸调节剂为1~30份。根据甲醛和尿素的用量不同可以得到不同摩尔比的脲醛树脂胶黏剂,相同甲醛用量下,尿素用量的不同所制得的脲醛树脂胶黏剂性能不同,选择采用上述原料配比可获得较好的反应效果。
上述脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备方法中,优选的,所述甲醛与尿素的摩尔比为1.0~1.5:1。
上述脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备方法中,采用聚合物分子设计、有机-无机化插层复合以及光降解催化等一系列方法和手段,制得的脲醛树脂胶黏剂中游离甲醛低,具有低的甲醛释放量,用此脲醛树脂胶黏剂制备得到的胶合板的甲醛释放量明显小于常规脲醛树脂胶黏剂制备得到的胶合板。
一种辅助加热制备环保胶合板的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在胶合板的芯板表面(两面均涂覆)由内向外依次涂覆辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂得到涂覆处理芯板;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的涂覆处理芯板与胶合板的表板组坯,经陈化、热压后得到环保胶合板。
上述制备方法中,步骤(1)中必须先添加辅热添加剂再加入脲醛树脂胶黏剂最后添加辅热添加剂,因为辅热催化剂加入量相对较少,最先添加导致混合不均匀,不利于催化辅热。
上述制备方法中,优选的,所述辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂的用量按重量份计为:辅热添加剂1~100份,脲醛树脂胶黏剂30~200份,辅热催化剂1~50份。辅热添加剂与脲醛树脂胶黏剂之间要满足一定的比例关系,为了达到一定的胶合强度,脲醛树脂胶黏剂的量首先需要根据实际需求确定,当确定脲醛树脂胶黏剂的量后,若辅热添加剂的量多了会导致胶合板胶合强度不行,辅热添加剂的量少了辅热效果不明显,辅热催化剂根据前二者加入量成正比关系。
上述制备方法中,优选的,涂覆所述脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂后均放置10~30mim。放置10~30mim可起陈化作用,使涂覆辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂得到充分混合后,在室温下进行初步预反应。另外,放置10~30mim还有利于水分蒸发,防止制备胶合板时爆板。
上述制备方法中,优选的,所述热压时控制单位压力为0.8~1.0MPa,热压温度为85~100℃,热压时间为4~6min。
本发明是基于以下机理:本发明采用有机-无机复合催化自加热,在胶合板的制备过程中先进行预处理。具体的,1)在胶合板热压之前加入辅热添加剂硫铝酸盐、钙钛矿对芯板进行处理,将辅热添加剂均匀负载在芯板表面,后加入脲醛树脂胶黏剂进行无机-有机插层覆盖。硫铝酸盐包含Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、Fe2O3等化合物,其本身通过引发剂反应可以产生大量的热量,在胶合板热压阶段提供一定的热量进行辅助加热,从而减少能耗。钙钛矿主要成份包含CaO、TiO2,其也能为反应提供一定的热量,且锐钛型TiO2具有催化降解能力,可以催化降解木材以及脲醛树脂胶黏剂中释放的游离甲醛。2)加入辅热催化剂磺酸、硅酸钠、硫氧镁、氯化镁进行二次修饰,磺酸可以使一些化合物具有水溶性,使无机成份更好的与有机胶黏剂进行插层覆盖。硅酸钠、硫氧镁、氯化镁作为引发剂可以加速硫铝酸盐、钙钛矿的反应,快速释放巨大热量,实现自放热辅助制备胶合板的目的。3)组坯后进行热压,使胶合板在热压过程中进行酸碱活性激发处理,让硫铝酸盐、钙钛矿等化合物发生化学反应并迅速释放大量热量,形成自加热固化过程,可显著缩短胶合板热压时间,另外,辅热添加剂中的酸性氧化物如硫铝酸盐中的SO3还可起到固化剂的作用。4)辅热添加剂硫铝酸盐与脲醛树脂胶黏剂的插层复合形成的交联结构可以封锁游离甲醛逸出,钙钛矿中的TiO2成份在胶合板中可以持续降解甲醛,制备得到的胶合板的毒性可显著减小。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点在于:
1、本发明采用辅热手段,加入的低成本的辅热添加剂在辅热催化剂下可释放大量的热量,胶合板热压的温度可明显降低,一般胶合板热压温度可降低5~15℃,能耗更低,生产成本也更低。
2、本发明使用有机-无机化插层复合的方法以及钙钛矿中的TiO2成份,可以有效控制游离甲醛含量,制备得到的胶合板的甲醛释放量明显降低。
3、本发明制备方法操作简单,适合于工业化应用,具有很好的生产应用前景。
4、本发明中添加的辅热添加剂在辅热催化剂下可释放大量的热量,形成自加热固化过程,可以加速脲醛树脂胶黏剂的固化时间,降低脲醛树脂胶黏剂的固化温度,可缩短胶合板的热压时间,并且对胶合板的胶合强度没有很大影响。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下文将结合较佳的实施例对本发明作更全面、细致地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体的实施例。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1:
一种环保胶合板,包括表板、胶黏体系层与芯板,表板与芯板通过胶黏体系层粘结成一整体。胶黏体系层包括辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂,其中,辅热添加剂为硫铝酸盐、钙钛矿,辅热催化剂为磺酸、硅酸钠、硫氧镁、氯化镁。上述环保胶合板的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选取一张300mm*300mm芯板,将10份硫铝酸盐、钙钛矿按2:1比例混合,喷洒于芯板表面;
(2)在经步骤(1)处理后的芯板上施加50份脲醛树脂胶黏剂,放置20mim;。
(3)在经步骤(2)处理后的芯板上再次施加25份的磺酸、硅酸钠、硫氧镁、氯化镁,并控制磺酸的质量与硅酸钠、硫氧镁、氯化镁总质量为1:4,陈放30min;
(4)选取两张表板与经步骤(3)处理后的芯板进行组坯,再陈化后放入热压机,按照单位压力0.8MPa、热压温度95℃、热压时间5min进行热压;
(5)热压完全后,缓慢卸压,得到本实施例中的环保胶合板。
本实施例中的脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备方法如下:
(1)称取硝酸铋、氯氧铋、二氧化锡和硫化锌中的一种或几种加入到纳米纤维素悬浮液中,用搅拌器高速搅拌180min,40℃干燥后得到纳米纤维素纤丝;
(2)将甲醛加入到四口烧瓶中,然后加入pH调节剂调节PH至8.5,将尿素按质量比为5:3:1:1分成四份(分别为U1、U2、U3与U4);
(3)将U1加入到调节好pH的甲醛溶液中,并添加纳米纤维素纤丝,将四口烧瓶放入水浴锅中加热至90℃,保温30min得到反应液a;
(4)调节反应液a的pH至4.6,再加入U2,继续反应60min得到反应液b;
(5)调节反应液b的pH至7.0,再加入U3,继续反应20min得到反应液c;
(6)调节反应液c的pH至7.5,再加入U4、C3N4和聚乙烯醇,继续反应10min,降温出料得到脲醛树脂胶黏剂。
对比例1:
本对比例中的胶合板的制备方法与实施例1相比,不同之处在于本对比例中未加入辅热添加剂与辅热催化剂,且热压温度有所不同。
对比例2:
本对比例中的胶合板的制备方法与实施例1相比,不同之处在于本对比例中未加入辅热添加剂与辅热催化剂。
对比例3:
本对比例中的胶合板的制备方法与实施例1相比,不同之处在于本对比例中所用到的脲醛树脂胶黏剂为市售常规脲醛树脂。
实施例2:
一种环保胶合板,包括表板、胶黏体系层与芯板,表板与芯板通过胶黏体系层粘结成一整体。胶黏体系层包括辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂,其中,辅热添加剂为硫铝酸盐、钙钛矿,辅热催化剂为磺酸、硅酸钠、硫氧镁、氯化镁。上述环保胶合板的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选取一张300mm*300mm芯板,将20份硫铝酸盐、钙钛矿按3:1比例混合,喷洒于芯板表面;
(2)在经步骤(1)处理后的芯板上施加30份脲醛树脂胶黏剂,放置15mim;。
(3)在经步骤(2)处理后的芯板上再次施加15份的磺酸、硅酸钠、硫氧镁、氯化镁,陈放20min;
(4)选取两张表板与经步骤(3)处理后的芯板进行组坯,再陈化后放入热压机,按照单位压力1MPa、热压温度85℃、热压时间4min进行热压;
(5)热压完全后,缓慢卸压,得到本实施例中的环保胶合板。
本实施例中的脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3:
一种环保胶合板,包括表板、胶黏体系层与芯板,表板与芯板通过胶黏体系层粘结成一整体。胶黏体系层包括辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂,其中,辅热添加剂为硫铝酸盐、钙钛矿,辅热催化剂为磺酸、硅酸钠、硫氧镁、氯化镁。上述环保胶合板的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)选取一张300mm*300mm芯板,将50份硫铝酸盐、钙钛矿按1:1比例混合,喷洒于芯板表面;
(2)在经步骤(1)处理后的芯板上施加40份脲醛树脂胶黏剂,放置30mim;。
(3)在经步骤(2)处理后的芯板上再次施加40份的磺酸、硅酸钠、硫氧镁、氯化镁,陈放30min;
(4)选取两张表板与经步骤(3)处理后的芯板进行组坯,再陈化后放入热压机,按照单位压力1MPa、热压温度100℃、热压时间4min进行热压;
(5)热压完全后,缓慢卸压,得到本实施例中的环保胶合板。
本实施例中的脲醛树脂胶黏剂的制备方法与实施例1相同。
将实施例1~3与对比例1~3中制备得到的胶合板进行性能测试,结果如下表1所示。
表1:实施例1~3与对比例1~3中胶合板的性能测试结果
由上表可知,实施例1~3中的环保胶合板制备时,可以利用较低的热压温度,且制备得到的环保胶合板的甲醛释放量有所降低,且胶合强度没有显著影响。实施例中的数据明显优于对比例。
以上测试中:胶合板的甲醛释放量按照GB/T 17657-1999中4.12.1~4.12.6干燥器法测定。干状、湿状胶合强度参照GB/T50708-2012《胶合木结构技术规范》,将表1中的胶黏剂压制的胶接制品浸入(63±1)℃的水中3小时,在湿态下测试试件拉伸剪切强度。
Claims (5)
1.一种环保胶合板,包括表板、胶黏体系层与芯板,所述表板与芯板通过胶黏体系层粘结成一整体,其特征在于,所述胶黏体系层包括辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂,所述环保胶合板的甲醛释放量<0.43mg/L;
其中,所述辅热添加剂为硫铝酸盐与钙钛矿,所述辅热催化剂为磺酸与引发剂,所述引发剂为硅酸钠、硫氧镁与氯化镁中的一种或几种;
所述硫铝酸盐与钙钛矿的质量比为1~4:1;所述磺酸与引发剂的质量比为1:2~5;
所述辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂的用量按重量份计为:辅热添加剂1~100份,脲醛树脂胶黏剂30~200份,辅热催化剂1~50份;
所述脲醛树脂胶黏剂由以下制备方法得到:
(1)将脲醛树脂改性剂加入纳米纤维素悬浮液中,混匀后干燥得到纳米纤维素纤丝;
(2)将甲醛溶液的pH调至7.0~9.0,再向甲醛溶液加入第一份尿素U1与步骤(1)中得到的纳米纤维素纤丝,加热保温得到反应液a;调节反应液a的pH至4.0~6.0后加入第二份尿素U2,继续保温反应得到反应液b;调节反应液b的pH至6.0~8.0后加入第三份尿素U3,继续保温反应得到反应液c;调节反应液c的pH至7.5~8.5后加入第四份尿素U4与添加剂,继续保温反应后降温出料得到脲醛树脂胶黏剂;
所述脲醛树脂改性剂为硝酸铋、氯氧铋、二氧化锡和硫化锌中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保胶合板,其特征在于,所述添加剂为C3N4与聚乙烯醇。
3.一种根据权利要求1或2所述的环保胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)在胶合板的芯板表面由内向外依次涂覆辅热添加剂、脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂得到涂覆处理芯板;
(2)将步骤(1)中得到的涂覆处理芯板与胶合板的表板组坯,经陈化、热压后得到环保胶合板。
4.根据权利要求3所述的环保胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,涂覆所述脲醛树脂胶黏剂与辅热催化剂后均放置10~30mim。
5.根据权利要求3所述的环保胶合板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述热压时控制单位压力为0.8~1.0MPa,热压温度为85~100℃,热压时间为4~6min。
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