CN107970220B - 一种吲哚美辛固体分散缓释制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种吲哚美辛固体分散缓释制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种采用热熔挤出法(HME),以羟丙基纤维素或羟丙基纤维素与羟丙甲纤维素为联合载体,一步法制备吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂,并以pH5.8磷酸盐缓冲液为释放介质,获得零级动力学的释药曲线。该法与现有的方法相比,具有的优势在于:1)利用羟丙基纤维素的热塑特性,与羟丙甲纤维素和药物一步热熔挤出制备缓释制剂;2)释药曲线呈零级动力学,释药平稳;3)制剂过程无有机溶剂;4)可根据需要设计适宜的形状;5)所制备制剂较物理混合物吸湿率低;6)酸中不释药,小肠pH环境下开始释药,既避免了吲哚美辛在酸中的降解,也克服现有吲哚美辛缓释制剂在小肠pH环境释药慢,释放度低,且后期可能释药不完全的不足,达到起效快,释药平稳且作用维持时间长的口服缓释制剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吲哚美辛固体分散缓释制剂及其制备。
背景技术
吲哚美辛为非甾体抗炎药,具有镇痛、解热作用,临床用于风湿性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、肿瘤止痛及肿瘤血液病退热等。吲哚美辛pKa 4.2,溶解度呈pH依赖性,pH1.2和pH4.0中溶解度为0.00mg/ml,pH6.8PBS为0.71mg/ml,水中为0.01mg/ml(日本《医疗用医药品品质情报集》橙皮书)。
吲哚美辛市售常规制剂为胶囊和片剂,剂量有25mg和50mg。因溶解度问题,市售普通胶囊溶出度测定为转篮法,100rpm,pH7.2磷酸盐缓冲液-水(1:4)750ml为介质。IrokoPharmaceuticals公司采用微粉化技术,减小吲哚美辛粒径,同时处方中加入表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠,研制了低剂量速释型吲哚美辛胶囊(商品名Tivorbex),剂量20mg和40mg,提高了pH5.75的10mM柠檬酸缓冲液750ml为介质的体外溶出速率(转篮法,100rpm),较市售普通胶囊剂降低了20%的剂量,且生物等效,用于治疗轻度到中度的急性疼痛,并已获得FDA批准市售。
其次,吲哚美辛在酸性和碱性条件不稳定。日本《医疗用医药品品质情报集》橙皮书中记载,吲哚美辛在pH1.2和4.0介质中37℃/24h分别降解28%和24%;且对光不稳定,太阳光直射10h和阴天光线直射40h,变成黄褐色。吲哚美辛在pH12以上快速分解(参考文献The intrinsic aqueous solubility of indomethacin.ADMET&DMPK,2014,2(1):18-32)。CFDA批准吲哚美辛肠溶片市售,规格25mg。
第三,吲哚美辛生物半衰期短,常规制剂有片剂和胶囊,1日服药3次。为减少服药次数,提高患者顺应性,日本厚生省批准有缓释胶囊(25mg和37.5mg),美国FDA批准有缓释胶囊(75mg,SR),中国CFDA批准有缓释胶囊(25mg和75mg)和缓释片(25mg和75mg)市售。
但这些缓释制剂的释放度测定方法和释放度标准却差异很大。日本《医疗用医药品品质情报集》橙皮书)中采用桨法,100rpm,介质900ml,其中水、pH1.2和pH4.0介质中24h累积释药量仅约10%。pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液介质中,25mg规格的释放度5h为15%-45%,24h为35%-65%;37.5mg规格的释放度8h为15%-45%,24h为30%-60%。美国USP为转篮法,75rpm,共有三种测试方法,其中方法一以pH6.2PBS 750ml为介质,1h、2h、4h、6h、12h和24h的体外释放度依次为10%-25%、20%-40%、35%-55%、45%-65%、60%-80%和≥80%。方法二以pH6.2PBS 900ml为介质,1h、2h、4h和12h的体外释放度依次为12%-32%、27%-52%、50%-80%和≥80%。方法三以pH6.8PBS 750ml为介质,1h、2h、4h、6h、12h和24h的体外释放度依次为15%-40%、35%-55%、55%-75%、65%-85%、≥70%和≥80%。《中国药典》(2015年版)规定吲哚美辛缓释片,25mg规格,桨法,100rpm,以pH7.2PBS 500ml为介质,2h、4h、6h、8h、12h和24h的体外释放度依次为15%-30%、30%-50%、40%-65%、50%-80%、70%-95%和≥80%。而25mg和75mg的缓释胶囊,桨法,150rpm,750ml/1000ml(pH7.2缓冲液-水=1:4),3h、6h和12h的体外释放度依次为25%-55%、45%-85%和≥70%。
除市售制剂外,CN201210524561.2(一种吲哚美辛缓释片及其制备方法和控制释放的方法与标准)公开了一种HPMCE50和K15M为阻滞剂,粉末直接压片制备的亲水凝胶骨架片,以桨法,pH7.0磷酸盐缓冲液900ml为介质,50rpm测定释放度,该发明的最优处方样品与CFDA批准市售吲哚美辛缓释片(意施丁25mg)相似。但在pH6.8介质中12h和24h的累积释药量仅38.1%和52.6%。CN201710188638.6(吲哚美辛缓释片及其制备方法)公开了以羟丙甲纤维素、卡波姆、聚乙烯醇为亲水凝胶骨架,山嵛酸酯和硬脂酸镁为联合润滑剂的缓释片,体外释放仅提及桨法,无具体释药条件,24h的累积释药量不足87%。
固体分散技术使难溶性药物高度分散于载体中,常用于提高难溶性药物的溶出速率。喷雾干燥法和热熔挤出法是常用的固体分散体可产业化制备方法。
采用固体分散技术制备吲哚美辛缓释制剂的文献报道有,1.采用HME法制备吲哚美辛-Kollidon VA64固体分散体,粉碎并压成8mm圆片,结果发现吲哚美辛-Kollidon VA64(10:90,30:70和50:50)固体分散体在pH6.8介质中3h释药达90%以上;吲哚美辛-KollidonVA64(70:30和90:10)在测试时间释药不完全;而无定形或γ晶型吲哚美辛在pH6.8介质中几乎没有药物释放(参考文献Indomethacin-Kollidon VA64Extrudates:A MechanisticStudy of pH-Dependent Controlled Release.Mol Pharm.2016,13(3):1166-75)。
2.以肠溶高分子HPMCAS和蜡质材料stearoyl macrogol-32 glycerides-Gelucire 50/13(GLC)联用,热熔挤出后制得颗粒250μm和小丸1mm。其中吲哚美辛-HPMCAS-GLC(30:35:35)的颗粒和小丸中吲哚美辛均呈无定形,0.1NHCl中2h几乎无药物释放,而在pH6.8介质中30min释药90%,而吲哚美辛-HPMCAS(40:60)的挤出物中吲哚美辛仍有晶体存在,pH6.8介质中3h仅20%释药(参考文献Novel Controlled Release Polymer-LipidFormulations Processed by Hot Melt Extrusion.AAPS PharmSciTech.2016,17(1):191-9)。
3.以Eudragit RS为载体,热熔挤出法制备吲哚美辛固体分散体并粉碎成20-40目的细粉,但在pH6.8介质中释药缓慢,释药不完全,并不受增塑剂柠檬酸三乙酯的调节(参考文献Controlled release of a poorly water-soluble drug from hot-meltextrudates containing acrylic polymers.Drug Dev Ind Pharm.2006,32(5):569-83,和Influence of plasticizer level on the drug release from sustained releasefilm coated and hot-melt extruded dosage forms(Pharm Dev Technol.2006,11(3):285-94.)。
4.以二氯甲烷为溶剂,溶剂法制备了吲哚美辛-EudragitRL/RS的固体分散体,在含0.05%Tween20的pH1.0~6.9的梯度介质中释放度随粒径增大减慢,粒径100-200μm压制成普通片,体外释药符合Highchi动力学(Sustained release solid dispersions ofindomethacin with Eudragit RS and RL.Int J Pharm.1989,55(2-3):157-164).
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂,其特征在于所述吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂按以下方法制备:将吲哚美辛和载体材料按比例称取,混合均匀,经烘箱干燥,再热熔挤出,得到条状挤出物即为所述的吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂;热熔挤出温度为100-200℃;其中每100质量份吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂中含吲哚美辛10~50质量份,余量为载体材料,所述的载体材料为羟丙基纤维素或羟丙基纤维素与羟丙甲纤维素的组合。进一步,本发明所述条状挤出物表面积为19-900mm2,优选50-600mm2。
进一步,本发明所述热熔挤出温度优选140-170℃。
进一步,本发明所述烘箱干燥温度为40-80℃,烘干至除尽原料中水分。
下面对制成吲哚美辛固体分散缓释制剂的各组分进行具体说明。
本发明中,每100质量份吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂中吲哚美辛的重量含量优选为5~40份,更优选10~20份。文中份皆指质量份。
本发明所述的羟丙甲纤维素平均黏度为5cps~100,000cps,包括但不限于HPMCE5~E7,E50、E4M、E10M、K100、K4M、K15M、K100M和K200M等型号。
本发明所述的羟丙基纤维素平均黏度为2cps~3,000cps或平均分子量40,000~1,150,000。
所述的载体材料为羟丙基纤维素,所述羟丙基纤维素为同种型号的羟丙基纤维素或不同型号的羟丙基纤维素的组合,所述的羟丙基纤维素为下列之一或下列二种及以上的组合:HPC-SSL、HPC-SL、HPC-L、HPC-ELF、HPC-EF(EXF)、HPC-JF(JXF)、HPC-LF(LXF)、HPC-GF(GXF)、HPC-MF(MXF)、HPC-HF(HXF)。
进一步,本发明所述的同种型号的羟丙基纤维素为下列之一:HPC-JF(JXF)、HPC-LF(LXF)、HPC-GF(GXF)。
进一步,本发明所述不同型号的羟丙基纤维素的组合包括平均分子量80,000及以下的HPC-SSL、ELF或EF(EXF)与平均分子量95,000以上的HPC-SL、L、JF(JXF)、LF(LXF)、GF(GXF)、MF(MXF)或HF(HXF)组合。优选为HPC-EF(EXF)与HPC-GF(GXF)、HPC-EF(EXF)与HPC-MF(MXF)、HPC-EF(EXF)与HPC-HF(HXF)中的一种。
本发明所述的载体材料为羟丙基纤维素与羟丙甲纤维素的组合时,所述的羟丙基纤维素与羟丙甲纤维素的组合包括平均分子量80,000及以下的HPC-SSL、ELF或EF(EXF)与HPMC E4M、E10M、K4M、K15M、K100M或K200M组合,或平均分子量95,000以上的HPC-SL、L、JF(JXF)、LF(LXF)、GF(GXF)、MF(MXF)或HF(HXF)与HPMCE5~E7,E50、K100的组合。所述的羟丙基纤维素与羟丙甲纤维素的组合为下列组合之一:HPC-EF(EXF)与HPMCK4M、HPC-EF(EXF)与HPMCK15M、HPC-EF(EXF)与HPMCK100M、HPC-GF(GXF)与HPMCK100、HPC-MF(MXF)与HPMCK100、HPC-HF(HXF)与HPMCK100。
进一步,本发明所述每100份的吲哚美辛固体分散缓释制剂的组成为下列(1)~(6)配方之一:
(1)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-EF(EXF)为0-20份,余量为HPC-GF(GXF);
(2)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-EF(EXF)为20-60份(优选20-45份),余量为HPC-MF(MXF);
(3)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-EF(EXF)为20-50份,余量为HPC-HF(HXF)。
(4)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-EF(EXF)为10-50份(优选10-45份),余量为HPMCK4M或HPMCK15M或HPMCK100M;
(5)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-GF(GXF)或HPC-MF(MXF)为20-70份(优选40-70份),余量为HPMCK100;
(6)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-HF(HXF)为20-60份(优选25-45份),余量为HPMCK100。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明旨在采用热熔挤出法(HME),以羟丙基纤维素或羟丙基纤维素与羟丙甲纤维素为联合载体,一步法制备吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂,并以pH5.8磷酸盐缓冲液为释放介质,获得零级动力学的释药曲线。该法与现有的方法相比,具有的优势在于:1)利用羟丙基纤维素的热塑特性,与羟丙甲纤维素和药物一步热熔挤出制备缓释制剂;2)释药曲线呈零级动力学,释药平稳;3)制剂过程无有机溶剂;4)可根据需要设计适宜的形状;5)所制备制剂较物理混合物吸湿率低,如处方19的吸湿率较物理混合物降低了19%;6)在小肠pH环境下开始释药,酸中不释药,既避免了吲哚美辛在酸中的降解,也克服现有吲哚美辛缓释制剂在小肠pH环境释药慢,释放度低,且后期可能释药不完全的不足,达到起效快,释药平稳且作用维持时间长的口服缓释制剂。
附图说明
图1为单一HPC为阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂释药曲线。
图2为HPCEF与HPCGF为联合阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂释药曲线。
图3为HPCEF与HPCMF为联合阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂释药曲线。
图4HPCEF与HPCHF为联合阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂释药曲线。
图5HPCEF与HPMC为联合阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂。
图6HPMCK100LV与高黏度HPC为联合阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂。
图7药载比对对释药的影响。
图8挤出温度对释药的影响。
图9释药面积对释药的影响。
图10pH值对释药的影响。
具体实施方式
下面以具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围不限于此:
实施例1单一HPC为阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂
制备:将吲哚美辛与HPC按上述比例混合,50℃烘箱干燥,测得水分1.5%,160℃热熔挤出仪,50rpm挤出,得条状物,用锋利刀具切割成含药物40mg的条状。
释放度测定:取吲哚美辛热熔挤出物,约相当于含吲哚美辛40mg,桨法,50rpm,pH5.8PBS 900ml为释放介质,UV法,320nm处吲哚美辛的含量,并计算累积释药量,结果如图1所示。
从图1可见,HPCEF、HPCL和HPCGF(GXF)分子量分别为8万、17.1万和37万。当HPC分子量在17.1万及以下,药载比10:90时,HPCEF和HPCL为单一阻滞剂的热熔挤出制剂零级动力学释药维持时间为4h,且释药速率几乎没有影响;当提高药载比为20:80,零级动力学释药维持时间为8h。当HPC分子量在37万及以上,零级动力学释药维持时间为24h,累积释药量约80%。
实施例2HPCEF与HPCGF为联合阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂
制备方法和释放度测定方法同实施例1,结果如图2所示。
从图2可见,HPCEF与HPCGF(GXF)联用,HPC-EF(EXF)用量5%~20%时,处方5和处方6均可14h维持零级动力学释药,且24h累积释药完全。提高药载比时,24h维持零级动力学释药,但速率略偏慢。
实施例3HPCEF与HPCMF为联合阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂
制备方法和释放度测定方法同实施例1,结果如图3所示。
从图3可见,HPCEF与HPCMF(MXF)联用,HPC-EF(EXF)用量20%~45%时,均呈零级动力学释药。处方10 24h累积释药完全,其他处方比例时,释药速率略慢。
实施例4HPCEF与HPCHF为联合阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂
制备方法和释放度测定方法同实施例1,结果如图4所示。
从图4可见,HPCEF与HPCHF(HXF)联用,HPC-EF(EXF)用量20%~50%时,处方13维持零级动力学释药14h,处方12和14则24h零级动力学释药。其中处方14释药速率略慢。
实施例5HPCEF与HPMC为联合阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂
制备方法和释放度测定方法同实施例1,结果如图5所示。
从图5可见,HPC-EF(EXF)与HPMC为联合载体,HPMCK100LV黏度低,可维持零级动力学释药8h。HPMCK4M~100M,用量45%-80%范围均可维持24h的零级动力学释药。
实施例6HPMCK100LV与高黏度HPC为联合阻滞剂的热熔挤出缓释制剂
制备方法和释放度测定方法同实施例1,结果如图6所示。
从图6可见,HPMCK100LV与分子量37万以上的高黏度HPC为联合载体,除HPCGF(GXF)用量40%维持零级动力学释药14h外,其余均可维持24h零级动力学释药。
实施例7药载比对对释药的影响
制备方法和释放度测定方法同实施例1,释药曲线如图7所示。
从图7可见,吲哚美辛用量为10%~50%范围,释药曲线均呈零级释药。但吲哚美辛用量为30%及以上时,释药速率减慢,24h累积释药量低于80%。
实施例8挤出温度对释药的影响
将处方19分别在120、140、160和170℃温度挤出,释放度测定方法同实施例1,释药曲线如图8所示。
从图8可见,挤出温度120℃~170℃得到的挤出物,释药曲线均呈零级释药。仅120℃的挤出物释药速率略低于其他温度,但24h累积释药量均在80%以上。
实施例9释药面积对释药的影响
将处方19的挤出物分别切成表面积548mm2,56mm2及粉碎成表面积107429mm2的细粉,并与原料吲哚美辛细粉进行释放度对比。释放度测定方法同实施例1,释药曲线如图9所示。
从图9可见,表面积548和56mm2对释药曲线影响不大,仍呈零级释药。但粉碎使得表面积急剧增大后,释药速率显著加快。但与同粒度的吲哚美辛原料药比较,热熔挤出物细粉释药完全,原料药细粉无法溶出完全。
实施例10介质pH值对释药的影响
将处方19的挤出物,表面积548mm2,分别考察了在pH1.0、pH4.0、pH5.8,6.2和7.2PBS介质中释药曲线,结果如图10所示。
从图10可见,吲哚美辛热熔挤出物在0.1NHCl中未检测到药物释放,pH4.0介质中4h释药量7.4%,24h累积释药量37.4%。pH5.8~7.2PBS随介质中pH值的提高,释药速率略有加快,但释药曲线仍相似。
Claims (3)
1.一种吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂,其特征在于所述吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂按以下方法制备:将吲哚美辛和载体材料按比例称取,混合均匀,经烘箱干燥,再热熔挤出得到条状挤出物,即为所述的吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂;热熔挤出温度为120-200℃;其中每100质量份吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂中含吲哚美辛10~50质量份,余量为载体材料,所述每100份吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂的组成为下列(1)~(6)配方之一:
(1)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-EF(EXF)为0-20份,余量为HPC-GF(GXF);
(2)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-EF(EXF)为20-60份,余量为HPC-MF(MXF);
(3)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-EF(EXF)为20-50份,余量为HPC-HF(HXF);
(4)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-EF(EXF)为10-50份,余量为HPMCK4M或HPMCK15M或HPMCK100M;
(5)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-GF(GXF)或HPC-MF(MXF)为20-70份,余量为HPMCK100;
(6)吲哚美辛为10-20份,HPC-HF(HXF)为20-60份,余量为HPMCK100。
2.如权利要求1所述的吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂,其特征在于:所述条状挤出物所述条状挤出物表面积为19-900mm2。
3.如权利要求1所述的吲哚美辛的固体分散缓释制剂,其特征在于:所述热熔挤出温度为140-170℃。
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