CN107962433B - 机床和机床系统 - Google Patents

机床和机床系统 Download PDF

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CN107962433B
CN107962433B CN201710976402.9A CN201710976402A CN107962433B CN 107962433 B CN107962433 B CN 107962433B CN 201710976402 A CN201710976402 A CN 201710976402A CN 107962433 B CN107962433 B CN 107962433B
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machine tool
workpiece
trunnion
center
machine
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CN107962433A (zh
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土田康二
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Okuma Corp
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Okuma Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
    • B23Q7/14—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting co-ordinated in production lines
    • B23Q7/1426—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting co-ordinated in production lines with work holders not rigidly fixed to the transport devices
    • B23Q7/1463—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting co-ordinated in production lines with work holders not rigidly fixed to the transport devices using rotary driving means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C1/00—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations
    • B23C1/08—Milling machines not designed for particular work or special operations with a plurality of vertical working-spindles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/44—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms
    • B23Q1/48—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs
    • B23Q1/4852—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B23Q1/4857—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports using particular mechanisms with sliding pairs and rotating pairs a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q11/00—Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work; Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools
    • B23Q11/08—Protective coverings for parts of machine tools; Splash guards
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q39/00—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation
    • B23Q39/04—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps
    • B23Q39/048—Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps the work holder of a work station transfers directly its workpiece to the work holder of a following work station
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q41/00—Combinations or associations of metal-working machines not directed to a particular result according to classes B21, B23, or B24
    • B23Q41/02—Features relating to transfer of work between machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/01—Frames, beds, pillars or like members; Arrangement of ways
    • B23Q1/015—Frames, beds, pillars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q1/00—Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members
    • B23Q1/25—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports
    • B23Q1/26—Movable or adjustable work or tool supports characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable members; Means for preventing relative movement of such members
    • B23Q1/28—Means for securing sliding members in any desired position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/155—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling
    • B23Q3/157—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools
    • B23Q3/15713—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle
    • B23Q3/1572—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means
    • B23Q3/15753—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle
    • B23Q3/15766—Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools, e.g. combined with manual handling of rotary tools a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle the axis of the stored tools being arranged perpendicularly to the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q7/00—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting
    • B23Q7/14—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting co-ordinated in production lines
    • B23Q7/1426—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting co-ordinated in production lines with work holders not rigidly fixed to the transport devices
    • B23Q7/1494—Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting co-ordinated in production lines with work holders not rigidly fixed to the transport devices using grippers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5124—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling with means to feed work intermittently from one tool station to another
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T29/51—Plural diverse manufacturing apparatus including means for metal shaping or assembling
    • Y10T29/5196—Multiple station with conveyor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
    • Y10T408/55—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with work-engaging structure other than Tool or tool-support
    • Y10T408/561—Having tool-opposing, work-engaging surface
    • Y10T408/5614—Angularly adjustable surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明提供机床和机床系统，便利性优异，该机床能够在短时间内对加工完的工件和紧接着加工的工件进行更换，并且能够对工件的与工作台接触的设置面实施加工。主轴装置(M)的作为基台发挥功能的床身(1)被设置成长方体状，在该床身(1)的进深侧设置有纵向长的长方体状的立柱(2)。此外，在该立柱(2)的前方以能够沿着左右方向即X轴方向移动的方式设置有侧面观察时大致U字状的耳轴单元(3)，在该耳轴单元(3)上以能够以前后方向即Y轴为中心进行旋转且自由装拆的方式安装有扁平的长方体状的工作台(10)。

Description

机床和机床系统
技术领域
本发明涉及加工中心等多轴加工用的机床以及由该机床和周边设备构成的机床系统。
背景技术
在加工中心中使工件的加工自动化时，在各工序中使用的机械之间需要进行工件的搬送和装拆作业。这些工件的搬送/装拆作业通常是通过托盘更换装置、装载装置、多关节或正交型/旋转型的机器人之类的工件搬入搬出装置进行的。
作为设置了上述那样的工件搬入搬出装置的机床，如专利文献1那样，公开了如下结构：在作为基台的床身的一方的侧部设置有用于对工作台上的加工完工件和未加工工件进行更换的托盘更换构件，通过使该托盘更换构件的回转臂进行旋转而对载置有工件的托盘进行更换。
专利文献1：日本特许第5328782号公报
但是，当在5轴加工机上安装托盘更换装置时，在很多情况下需要避开卧式加工中心所不需要的1轴而进行动作，因此托盘的更换时间变长。并且，在对工件的整个面实施加工的情况下，即使通过5轴加工机也无法对工件的与工作台接触的设置面实施加工，因此需要通过工件搬入搬出装置使工件进行反转，但在工件搬入搬出装置上搭载了反转机构的情况下不得不使其驱动装置变小，因此存在反转动作变慢的不良情况。此外，在专利文献1的机床中，托盘更换构件体积较大且只能从特定的方向进入，因此还存在设置的布局受到制约的不良情况。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供便利性优异的机床，该机床解决了专利文献1那样的以往的机床所具有的问题点，能够在短时间内对加工完的工件和紧接着加工的工件进行更换，并且能够对工件的与工作台接触的设置面实施加工，并且，提供具有上述那样的机床的机床系统。
在该本发明中，技术方案1的发明是机床，该机床在基台上设置有工作台，使安装有刀具的主轴沿着上下方向接近该工作台上的工件，其特征在于，所述机床以能够在左右方向上移动的方式设置有耳轴单元，该耳轴单元用于将载置着工件的工作台保持为能够以沿着前后方向的旋转轴为中心进行旋转。
关于技术方案2的发明，在技术方案1的机床的基础上，其特征在于，所述主轴能够以刀具末端为基准在下端比所述耳轴单元的所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心靠下方且上端比所述工件的上表面靠上方的范围内进行上下方向的接近动作。
关于技术方案3的发明，在技术方案1的机床的基础上，其特征在于，所述耳轴单元的左右方向的移动范围超过了从所述工作台的上表面到所述工件的上表面的距离。
关于技术方案4的发明，在技术方案1的机床的基础上，其特征在于，在所述工件位于所述工作台的上方的状态下，所述工件的上表面构成为处于比所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心位置靠上方的位置。
关于技术方案5的发明，在技术方案1的机床的基础上，其特征在于，在所述工件位于所述工作台的上方的状态下，所述工作台的上表面构成为处于比所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心位置靠上方的位置。
关于技术方案6的发明，其特征在于，在技术方案1至5的任意机床的左右任一方或两方和/或前方附设有工件搬入搬出装置，该工件搬入搬出装置能够将工件交接给所述工作台和/或从所述工作台接收工件。
技术方案7的发明是并排设置有至少两台技术方案1至5中的任意机床的机床系统，其特征在于，该机床系统构成为：从一方的机床的所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心到工件的上表面的距离(图4中的“N1”)与从另一方的机床的所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心到工作台上表面的距离(图4中的“N2－H(工件的高度)”)之和为，使一方的机床的耳轴单元位于右端时的所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心位置与使另一方的机床的耳轴单元位于左端时的所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心位置之间的距离(图5中的“L”)以下(即，L≤N1+N2－H)。
技术方案8的发明是并排设置有至少两台技术方案1至5中的任意机床的机床系统，其特征在于，该机床系统构成为：从使一方的机床的耳轴单元位于右端时的所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心位置到所述一方的机床的右端的距离(图4中的“F”)、从使另一方的机床的耳轴单元位于左端时的所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心位置到所述另一方的机床的左端的距离(E)、以及所述一方和另一方的机床之间的距离(图5中的“K”)之和为，使所述一方的机床的耳轴单元位于右端时的所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心位置与使所述另一方的机床的耳轴单元位于左端时的所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心位置之间的距离(图5中的“L”)以下(即，F+E+K≤L)。
根据本发明的机床，由于能够缩短工件搬入搬出装置进入到用于载置工件的工作台的行程，所以能够在非常短的时间内对工件进行更换。并且，通过将同样的机床左右并排设置，能够在相邻的机床之间进行工件的交接，因此能够按照机床将工序分开，还能够缩短每一个工序的加工时间。并且，还能够使工件在短时间内反转而容易地对工件的与工作台接触的设置面实施加工。
根据技术方案6～8的机床系统，通过使搬入搬出装置同时从机床的左右和前方中的2个方向进入，能够在极短的时间内对工件进行更换，因此能够大幅缩短工件的加工时间。
附图说明
图1的(a)和(b)是示出机床和机床系统的说明图((a)是机床的立体图，(b)是机床系统的俯视图)。
图2的(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)是示出机床系统的动作内容的说明图(立体图)。
图3的(a)、(b)和(c)是示出机床系统的动作内容的说明图(立体图)。
图4是详细地示出机床的结构的说明图(主视图)。
图5是详细地示出机床的结构的说明图(主视图)。
图6的(a)和(b)是示出机床系统的变更例的说明图((a)是立体图，(b)是俯视图)。
标号说明
M(M1、M2、M3)：机床；S1、S2、S3：机床系统；3：耳轴单元；6：主轴；10：工作台；12a、12b、12c：工件搬入搬出装置。
具体实施方式
＜机床和机床系统的构造＞
以下，参照附图对本发明的机床和机床系统的一个实施方式进行详细地说明。图1示出了本发明的机床和使用了该机床的机床系统，图2示出了该机床系统的动作内容。机床系统S1由机床M、覆盖该机床M的罩8、设置在机床M的周围的两台工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b构成(另外，两个工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b具有相同的构造)。
关于机床M，作为基台发挥功能的床身1被设置成长方体状，在该床身1的进深侧连续设置有纵向较长的长方体状的立柱2。此外，在该立柱2的前方以能够沿着左右方向即X轴方向移动的方式设置有侧面观察时大致U字状的耳轴单元3，在该耳轴单元3上以能够在以前后方向即Y轴为中心的作为旋转轴的B轴方向上旋转的方式设置有摇架16，在摇架16的上表面上以能够在与B轴垂直的作为旋转轴的C轴方向上旋转且自由装拆的方式安装有扁平的长方体状的工作台10(另外，该工作台10能够通过未图示的夹具和把持机构对工件进行装拆)。并且，在立柱2上以能够沿着Y轴方向移动的方式设置有扁平的长方体状的滑座4。此外，在该滑座4的前端以能够沿着上下方向即Z轴移动的方式安装有纵向较长的立柱状的主轴头5，在该主轴头5的下端以能够以Z轴为中心进行旋转的方式设置有能够安装刀具的主轴6。
此外，在滑座4的下方设置有具有刀具库的夹持式的刀具更换装置7，成为将多个刀具安装成水平的圆周状的状态。并且，该刀具更换装置7能够自动地对安装在主轴6的末端的刀具进行更换。
按照上述方式构成的机床M的外周成为被由透明的合成树脂板等形成的长方体状的罩8覆盖的状态。在该罩8上设置有通道门9、9，这些通道门9、9根据需要进行开闭。并且，在罩8的左右两侧分别设置有工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b(与通道门9、9相邻设置)。各工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b被设置成能够使大致长方体状的滑动台11相对于基台13进行滑动，能够使该滑动台11的前端把持对工件W进行载置的工作台10。另外，左右的工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b成为使滑动台11的移动方向与机床M的左右方向(X轴方向)一致的状态。
＜机床和机床系统的动作内容＞
在以上述方式构成的机床系统S1中，在将加工完的工件W与紧接着加工的工件W进行更换时，如图2那样，将罩8的左右的通道门9、9同时打开(图2的(a))。接着，使左右的工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b都进入到机床M中。即，左侧的工件搬入搬出装置12a使未搭载工作台10的滑动台11接近机床M的耳轴单元3，将加工完的工件W和工作台10一起接收，并通过滑动台11进行把持(图2的(b))。并且，接着，右侧的工件搬入搬出装置12b使对载置着紧接着加工的工件W的工作台10进行把持的滑动台11接近机床M的耳轴单元3，将紧接着加工的工件W与工作台10一起交接(图2的(c))。然后，关闭通道门9、9，开始工作台10上的工件W的加工(图2的(d))。这样，在机床系统S1中，由于两个工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b相对于耳轴单元3的实施加工的工作台10从左右同时进入，所以能够在短时间内将加工完的工件W更换为紧接着加工的工件W。
并且，图3示出了在左右方向上将多个机床M1、M2、M3以狭小的间隔相邻地并排设置而成的机床系统S2(另外，机床M1、M2、M3具有与上述的机床M相同的构造)。在该机床系统S2中，在进行工件W的交接和接收的情况下，首先，在左侧的机床M1中进行了工件W的加工之后，通过使摇架16绕B轴方向向顺时针方向旋转90度而使载置着加工完的工件W的工作台10向顺时针方向旋转，使工作台10的上表面朝向右侧。并且，与此同时，使耳轴单元3向右方向滑动而与中央的机床M2接近。并且，在像这样使左侧的机床M1的耳轴单元3向右方向滑动的同时，在中央的机床M2中，通过使摇架16绕B轴方向向逆时针方向旋转90度而使未载置工件W的工作台10向逆时针方向旋转，使工作台10的上表面朝向左侧，并且使耳轴单元3向左方向滑动而与左侧的机床M1接近。然后，在像这样使左侧的机床M1的工作台10与中央的机床M2的工作台10接近的状态下，中央的机床M2从左侧的机床M1的工作台10接收加工完的工件W(半加工品)(图3的(a))。
像这样从左侧的机床M1接收了工件W的中央的机床M2能够使刀具相对于工件W从与左侧的机床M1不同的方向接近而实施加工。即，能够对机床M1中的工作台10与工件的设置面进行加工(图3的(b))。并且，在利用中央的机床M2对工件W实施了加工之后，通过使摇架16绕B轴方向向顺时针方向旋转而使载置着该工件W的工作台10向顺时针方向旋转而使工作台10的上表面朝向右方向，与此同时，使耳轴单元3向右方向滑动而接近右侧的机床M3。并且，在像这样使中央的机床M2的耳轴单元3向右方向滑动的同时，在右侧的机床M3中，通过使摇架16绕B轴方向向逆时针方向旋转而使未载置工件W的工作台10向逆时针方向旋转，使工作台10的上表面朝向左侧，并且使耳轴单元3向左方向滑动而接近中央的机床M2。然后，在像这样使中央的机床M2的工作台10与右侧的机床M3的工作台10接近的状态下，右侧的机床M3从中央的机床M2的工作台10接收工件W(半加工品)(图3的(c))。像这样从中央的机床M2接收了工件W的右侧的机床M3能够使刀具相对于工件W从与中央的机床M2不同的方向接近而实施加工。在该机床系统S2中，由于能够按照左侧、中央、右侧的各机床M1、M2、M3将加工的工序分开，所以能够缩短每一个工序的加工时间。
接着，使用图4和图5对实现图3所示的机床系统S2的各机床之间的工件W的直接交接的机床的优选结构进行详细地说明。图4是示出机床系统S2的机床中的相邻的两台机床M1、M2的结构的主视图，图5是示出工件W的交接状态的主视图，对与之前同样的结构赋予相同的标号而省略说明。这里，在工作台10上借助于夹具15载置工件W，使夹具15的厚度在机床M1、M2中分别不同(将机床M1的夹具的厚度设为G1，将机床M2的夹具的厚度设为G2)而进行说明。
机床M1、M2的主轴头5的上下方向即Z轴方向的动作范围A是：以安装在主轴6上的刀具(省略图示)的末端为基准，从耳轴单元3的旋转轴中心(下端)到借助于夹具15载置在工作台10上的工件W的上表面(上端)，其中，该主轴6以能够旋转的方式设置在主轴头5上。即，在机床M1中动作范围A为N1以上，在机床M2中动作范围A为N2以上(A＞N1或A＞N2)。由此，机床M1、M2不仅能够对图4中的工件W的上表面进行加工，还能够在使耳轴单元3绕B轴(参照图1)回转了90度的状态下对工件W的侧面进行加工，进而通过使工作台10绕C轴(参照图1)每次旋转90度而依次进行回转分度，能够对4个侧面全部进行加工。因此，耳轴单元3的水平方向即X轴方向的动作范围D优选从工作台10上表面到工件W的上表面为止的距离以上，在工件W被直接载置在工作台10上的情况下优选为工件W的高度H以上，在借助夹具15的情况下优选为夹具15的高度G与工件W的高度H之和以上。
接着，为了对工件W进行交接，只要以如下方式构成并配置机械即可：“在作为交接侧的机床M1中从使摇架16向机床M2侧回转时的作为旋转轴的B轴的旋转中心到工件W上表面为止的距离N1”与“从(由于在作为接收侧的机床M2中为不存在工件W的状态)B轴的旋转中心到工作台10或夹具15的上表面的距离N2―工件W的高度H”之和为“使机床M1的耳轴单元3位于右端时的B轴中心位置与使机床M2的耳轴单元3位于左端时的B轴中心位置之间的距离L”以下(即，L≤N1+N2－H)。
此时，由于从B轴中心到工件W上表面的距离N1、N2是从B轴中心到工作台10上表面的距离J、夹具15的厚度G1、G2以及工件W的高度H之和，所以如图5所示，能够认为L≤G1+G2+H+2J。即，基本上从B轴中心到工作台10上表面的距离J恰好是较大的值(即，图4所示的状态)，优选将机床设计成在比B轴中心尽可能靠上方的位置配置工作台10。但是，机床系统也可以构成为根据从作为基座的机床M1、M2的B轴中心到工作台10上表面的距离J或工件W的高度H的大小对夹具15的厚度G1、G2进行调整，由此，能够进行工件W的交接。
而且，优选将机床M1、M2设计成“从机床M1的作为基座的耳轴单元3的X轴右方向动作端位置到机床右端的距离F”、“从机床M2的耳轴单元3的X轴左方向动作端位置到机床左端的距离E”以及“由配置在机床M1、M2之间的罩或门等产生的机床M1、M2的机床间距离K”之和为“使机床M1的耳轴单元3位于右端时的B轴中心位置与使机床M2的耳轴单元3位于左端时的B轴中心位置之间的距离L”以下(即，F+E+K≤L)，或者以满足上述条件的方式对配置在机床M1、M2之间的罩或门的大小和位置进行调整。但是，机床系统也可以构成为：与从B轴中心到工作台10上表面的距离J的情况同样地，通过对夹具15的厚度G1、G2进行调整，能够利用既有机床，或者考虑对配置在机床之间的罩等的尺寸而完成工件W的交接。例如，在如图4那样构成的情况下，如图5所示，即使在工件W的高度H比图4小的情况下也能够进行工件W的交接。并且，当在图4、图5的机床M1、M2中对工件W进行交接时，只要使机床M1、M2中的任意的耳轴单元3在远离对方的方向上移动即可。或者也可以使机床之间的距离K变大而在机床之间配置罩等。
＜机床和机床系统的效果＞
如上述那样，机床M的耳轴单元3被设置成能够在左右方向上移动，该耳轴单元3用于将载置着工件W的工作台10保持为能够以沿着前后方向的旋转轴为中心进行旋转。根据该机床M，由于能够缩短使工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b进入到用于载置工件W的工作台10的行程，所以能够在非常短的时间内对工件W进行更换。并且，能够如机床系统S2那样将同样的机床M、M··沿左右并排设置，从而能够在相邻的机床M、M彼此之间进行工件W的交接，因此能够按照机床M、M··将工序分开，还能够缩短每一个工序的加工时间。而且，根据机床M，也能够使工件W在短时间内反转而对工件W的与工作台10接触的设置面容易地实施加工。
并且，关于机床系统S1，如上述那样，在机床M的左右附设有能够进行工件W向工作台10的交接和从工作台10接收工件W的工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b。根据该机床系统S1，通过使工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b从机床M的左右同时进入，能够在极短的时间内对工件W进行更换，因此能够大幅缩短工件W的加工时间。
＜机床和机床系统的变更例＞
本发明的机床的结构不受上述实施方式的形态的任何限定，能够在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内根据需要对床身、立柱、滑座、耳轴单元、工作台等的形状等结构进行适当变更。并且，本发明的机床系统的结构也不受上述实施方式的形态的任何限定，能够在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内根据需要对罩、工件搬入搬出装置的形状、构造等结构进行适当变更。
例如，本发明的机床并不限定于像上述实施方式那样具有具备库的夹持式的刀具更换装置，也可以具备在立柱的侧方等具有带ATC(自动刀具更换装置)的臂装置的筒回旋式(ポット転回式)的刀具更换装置等。另一方面，本发明的机床系统并不限定于像上述实施方式那样仅在罩的左右两侧设置工件搬入搬出装置，也可以如图6那样，在罩的左右两侧和前方设置工件搬入搬出装置、或在罩的左右的一方和前方具有工件搬入搬出装置。如图6那样，在罩8的左右两侧和前方设置了工件搬入搬出装置12a、12b、12c的机床系统S3中，由于能够在短时间内从左右方向到前方、从前方到左右方向等进行工件W的接收或交接，因此具有对工件W的加工方法的自由度更高的优点。

Claims (6)

1.一种机床系统(S2)，在该机床系统中左右并排设置有第一机床(M1)和第二机床(M2)，该第一机床(M1)和第二机床(M2)在基台上设置有工作台，使安装有刀具的主轴沿着上下方向接近设置在该工作台上的工件，该机床系统(S2)的特征在于，
所述第一机床(M1)和所述第二机床(M2)均以能够在左右方向上移动的方式设置有耳轴单元，该耳轴单元用于将载置着工件的工作台保持为能够以沿着前后方向的旋转轴为中心进行旋转，
从所述第一机床(M1)的耳轴单元的旋转轴的中心到载置于工作台的工件的上表面的距离(N1)与从所述第二机床(M2)的耳轴单元的旋转轴的中心到工作台上表面的距离(J)之和为，使所述第一机床(M1)的耳轴单元和所述第二机床(M2)的耳轴单元彼此接近时的从所述第一机床(M1)的耳轴单元的旋转轴的中心位置到第二机床(M2)的耳轴单元的旋转轴的中心位置的距离(L)以上，
所述第一机床(M1)和所述第二机床(M2)在使各耳轴单元的工作台旋转90度而成为彼此相对的状态下能够交接工作台上的工件。
2.根据权利要求1所述的机床系统(S2)，其特征在于，
所述第一机床(M1)和所述第二机床(M2)各自的所述主轴能够以刀具末端为基准在下端比所述耳轴单元的所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心靠下方且上端比所述工件的上表面靠上方的范围内进行上下方向的接近动作。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的机床系统(S2)，其特征在于，
所述第一机床(M1)和所述第二机床(M2)各自的所述耳轴单元的左右方向的移动范围超过了从所述工作台的上表面到所述工件的上表面的距离。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的机床系统(S2)，其特征在于，
所述第一机床(M1)和所述第二机床(M2)各自构成为在所述工件位于所述工作台的上方的状态下，所述工件的上表面处于比所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心位置靠上方的位置。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的机床系统(S2)，其特征在于，
所述第一机床(M1)和所述第二机床(M2)各自构成为在所述工件位于所述工作台的上方的状态下，所述工作台的上表面处于比所述前后方向的旋转轴的中心位置靠上方的位置。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的机床系统(S2)，其特征在于，
所述第一机床(M1)和所述第二机床(M2)中的任一个在左右任一方或两方和/或前方附设有工件搬入搬出装置，该工件搬入搬出装置能够将工件交接给所述工作台和/或从所述工作台接收工件。
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