CN107931840B - Laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous reaction welding method for titanium-nickel heterojunction - Google Patents
Laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous reaction welding method for titanium-nickel heterojunction Download PDFInfo
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- CN107931840B CN107931840B CN201711176630.4A CN201711176630A CN107931840B CN 107931840 B CN107931840 B CN 107931840B CN 201711176630 A CN201711176630 A CN 201711176630A CN 107931840 B CN107931840 B CN 107931840B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/211—Bonding by welding with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous crystal reaction welding method for a titanium-nickel heterojunction. Adding a composite interlayer solder between a titanium material and a nickel material, wherein the first layer of the composite interlayer solder is niobium metal, the second layer of the composite interlayer solder is copper metal, the bonding interface of the niobium metal and the titanium material is an interface 1, the bonding interface of the niobium metal and the copper metal is an interface 2, the bonding interface of the copper metal and the nickel material is an interface 3, and the focus of a welding heat source is positioned near the interface 1; in the welding process, heat generated by a welding heat source forms a melting welding mode at a bonding interface of the first layer of interlayer solder and the titanium material, and the melting point of the second layer of interlayer solder is higher when the heat is conducted to the interface 2 and the interface 3 through the first layer of interlayer solder. The welding method avoids the formation of a titanium-nickel intermetallic compound, can form a fusion welding seam at the interface 1 and form a brazing seam at the interface 2 and the interface 3 simultaneously, and the tensile strength of the obtained titanium-nickel heterogeneous metal joint reaches 200-230MPa and the elongation is 2-4 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of dissimilar metal material welding processes, and particularly relates to a laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous reaction welding method for a titanium-nickel heterojunction.
Background
Titanium and its alloy have high specific strength, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance characteristic, etc., are used in fields such as aerospace, petrochemical and pressure vessel manufacture extensively, but its use is limited by high raw material cost and poor processability, etc., and when the temperature exceeds 400 duC, the performance of titanium alloy is reduced sharply. The nickel base alloy can still work normally at 1000 deg.c and has excellent high temperature performance but high weight because of the addition of great amount of alloy elements. If titanium and nickel are connected to develop a titanium/nickel dissimilar metal component, the advantages of the two materials can be combined, the engineering use requirements which cannot be completely met naturally by a single metal material can be met under harsh conditions, and the method has important significance for the fields of petrochemical industry, aerospace and the like.
The existing welding method for preparing the heterojunction, for example, patent 201410449257.5 'dissimilar material connection method of nickel-titanium shape memory alloy and copper alloy and its clamp' discloses that nickel-titanium alloy is directly welded with copper alloy, the copper base material is heated, the copper alloy and the memory alloy are effectively connected by utilizing the characteristic of copper alloy fluidity, and the method needs to heat treat the material after welding, adjust the structure appearance and the grain size of a welding seam, because copper can be mutually dissolved with other elements, intermetallic compounds can be formed, and the mechanical property of the material at the welding position of the nickel-titanium alloy and the copper alloy is reduced.
Patent 201610463909.X "a laser welding method for dissimilar metals of stainless steel-titanium alloy" discloses adding niobium as an intermediate layer between stainless steel and titanium alloy, setting a laser spot focus on the titanium alloy, precisely controlling laser welding process parameters, and realizing welding of dissimilar metal materials. The method adopts a fusion welding and contact reaction brazing mode, utilizes the heat conduction effect of niobium, simultaneously because the heat conduction performances of titanium alloy and stainless steel are not greatly different, the temperature of the contact surface of niobium and stainless steel is higher than the eutectic temperature of niobium and iron when the contact surface of titanium alloy and niobium is molten, but the method is only suitable for two materials with the heat conduction performances which are not greatly different, when the contact surface of a material with low heat conduction performance and Nb is molten under the condition that the heat conduction performances of the two materials are greatly different, heat is conducted to the contact interface of Nb and a material with high heat conduction performance through Nb, and because the heat is quickly transferred to the material, the temperature of the contact interface cannot reach the eutectic temperature, and the welding flux and the material with high heat conduction performance cannot be successfully welded. Patent 201710414617.1 "a welding method for titanium-copper dissimilar metal joint" discloses that the strength of the obtained dissimilar joint is more than 200MPa and the elongation is more than 30% by heating the niobium metal in the intermediate layer between titanium and copper.
But the titanium and the nickel have obvious difference in the aspects of chemical composition, melting point, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, specific heat capacity and other thermophysical propertiesAnd easily forms Ti at the time of welding2Ni、TiNi3And the like, causing cracks to form in the welded joint and causing brittle fracture, and nickel metal has different properties compared with copper metal and other metals, so the inventors welded, for example, using niobium as an intermediate layer according to the above-disclosed method, and found that although the joints are welded together, the strength is only less than 150MPa, the elongation is 1.5%, and the weld plasticity is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art when applied to the welding of the titanium-nickel dissimilar metal joint, the invention aims to provide a welding method which does not form any intermetallic compound when welding the titanium-nickel dissimilar joint and has high strength and plasticity of the welded joint.
In order to achieve the above objects of the present invention, extensive experimental studies have been made without diligent effort, and the following technical solutions have been finally obtained:
a titanium-nickel heterojunction laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous reaction welding method is characterized in that a composite interlayer solder is added between a titanium material and a nickel material, wherein the first layer of the composite interlayer solder is niobium metal, the second layer of the composite interlayer solder is copper metal, the bonding interface of the niobium metal and the titanium material is an interface 1, the bonding interface of the niobium metal and the copper metal is an interface 2, the bonding interface of the copper metal and the nickel material is an interface 3, and the focus of a welding heat source is positioned near the interface 1; in the welding process, heat generated by a welding heat source forms a melting welding mode at a bonding interface of the first layer of interlayer solder and the titanium material, and the melting point of the second layer of interlayer solder is higher when the heat is conducted to the interface 2 and the interface 3 through the first layer of interlayer solder.
Specifically, the laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous reaction welding method for the titanium-nickel heterojunction comprises the following steps:
a determination of interlayer solder: adding niobium and copper as a composite interlayer solder between contact interfaces of a titanium material and a nickel material, and ensuring that no gap is left between an interface 1, an interface 2 and an interface 3, wherein the thickness of the niobium interlayer solder is 0.8-1.0 mm, and the thickness of the copper interlayer solder is 30-50 mu m;
b, determining the position of a heat source: adopting a laser welding mode, wherein the center of a laser heat source is arranged at the interface of titanium/niobium +/-0.2 mm;
c, heat output control: controlling the heat output from the center of the laser heat source to partially melt the titanium base material and the niobium metal, so that unmelted niobium metal with a certain thickness exists between the interface 1 and the interface 2, and when the heat is transmitted to the interface 2 and the interface 3, the generated temperature is higher than the melting point of copper metal, and finally a fusion welding seam is formed at the interface 1, and a brazing welding seam is formed at the interface 2 and the interface 3.
And c, performing inert gas protection on the melting area and the heat affected area when the step c of controlling the heat output is performed.
Furthermore, the niobium and copper composite interlayer solder is a pure niobium welding wire and a pure copper welding wire.
According to the laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous reaction welding method for the titanium-nickel heterojunction, parameters in laser welding are controlled as follows: the peak power of the laser is 1.5-1.7 kW, the pulse width is 10-20 ms, the pulse frequency is 40-50 Hz, the welding speed is 600-1200 mm/min, the defocusing amount is 0-1 mm, the flow of the protective gas is 15-20L/min at the front side, and 8-13L/min at the back side.
The titanium material is pure titanium or titanium alloy, and the nickel material is nickel-based alloy, such as inconel718 nickel-based alloy.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
the method is based on the infinite mutual solubility of titanium and niobium, the limited solid solution of niobium and copper and the partial crystal reaction of the niobium and the copper, the infinite solid solution of copper and the niobium and the uniform crystal reaction of the copper and the niobium and no intermetallic compound formation, through accurately controlling the thickness of the middle layer, the welding heat output parameter and the position of the heat source center on the titanium/niobium interface, the unmelted metal niobium with a certain thickness exists between the titanium-niobium and the copper-niobium welding seams, the unmelted metal niobium layer prevents the mutual diffusion of titanium and copper elements, and the copper layer inhibits the formation of the intermetallic compound between the niobium and nickel metal, so that no intermetallic compound is formed in the welding joint, and the titanium-nickel heterogeneous joint has high strength and high plasticity;
three welding seams comprising titanium-niobium, copper-niobium and copper-nickel are formed simultaneously through one-time welding, and the interface bonding of the welding seams is high; the prepared titanium-copper heterojunction has good mechanical property, the tensile strength reaches 200-230MPa, and the elongation reaches 2-4%;
the pure niobium and the pure copper are used as filling materials, have the characteristics of low strength and good plasticity, and are used as a composite intermediate layer, so that the welding automation is realized, and the production efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic top view of a Ti/Ni heterojunction pulse laser welding induced monotectic reaction welding of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a Ti/Ni heterojunction pulse laser welding induced monotectic reaction welding of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a Ti/Ni dissimilar metal pulse laser welded joint prepared by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the cross-sectional morphology and the interface microstructure of the Ti/Ni dissimilar metal pulse laser welded joint prepared by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a drawing curve of a Ti/Ni dissimilar metal pulse laser welded joint prepared by the method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a drawing of a tensile fracture specimen of a Ti/Ni metal heterogeneous pulse laser welded joint obtained by the present invention;
Detailed Description
The following description will further describe embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
In order to obtain a titanium-nickel heterojunction, pulse laser welding is carried out on TC4 type titanium alloy and Inconel718, wherein a TC4 type titanium alloy plate and the Inconel718 plate have the same dimension and specification and are 100mm (long) × 50mm (wide) × 1.0mm (thick), niobium and Cu interlayer welding flux is arranged between the TC4 type titanium alloy plate and the Inconel718 test plate, no gap is left between each interface of the Ti/Nb, Nb/Cu and Cu/Ni interfaces, wherein the width of the interlayer welding flux is 1.0mm, the width of the Cu interlayer welding flux is 50 μm, a pulse laser spot is arranged at a position away from the Ti/Nb interface, pulse laser welding is carried out under the double-sided argon protective atmosphere, as shown in figures 1 and 2, the melting is controlled in a region near the Ti/Nb interface, the Nb foil close to the Cu side is not melted, the temperatures generated by Nb/Cu and Cu/Ni are respectively higher than the melting points of Cu by means of heat supplied from a molten pool, so that the Ti/Nb interface is fusion welded connection, and the Nb/Cu interface and the Cu/Ni interface are braze welding connection. The pulse laser welding process parameters are as follows: the laser peak power is 1.5kW, the pulse width is 15ms, the pulse frequency is 50Hz, the welding speed is 1200mm/min, the defocusing amount is 1mm, the front protective gas flow is 20L/min, and the back protective gas flow is 13L/min in the double-sided protective atmosphere.
The finally obtained titanium-nickel heterojunction is shown in fig. 3, the microscopic appearance of the cross section of the welding position of the connector is observed to obtain the microscopic appearance shown in fig. 4, and the intermediate layer part of the titanium base material and the niobium is melted to form a fusion welding seam; the interface temperature of Cu/Nb and CuNi is higher than the melting point of copper (1084 ℃), the copper melts and has a monotectic reaction and a homogeneous reaction with Nb and Ni, and a soldered joint with the characteristics of monotectic reaction and homogeneous reaction is formed; in the welding process, an unmelted Nb layer with a certain thickness always exists between the titanium niobium fusion brazing welding seam and the Nb copper fusion brazing welding seam, and a copper layer also exists at Cu/Nb and Cu/Ni interfaces.
As can be seen from fig. 4, no intermetallic compounds are present in the microstructure of the weld.
The obtained titanium-nickel heterojunction is subjected to a mechanical tensile test according to GB/T228-.
Example 2
In order to obtain a titanium-nickel heterojunction, pulse laser welding is carried out on TC4 type titanium alloy and Inconel718, wherein the TC4 type titanium alloy plate and the Inconel718 plate have the same size and specification and are 100mm (length) multiplied by 50mm (width) multiplied by 1.0mm (thickness), niobium and copper interlayer welding flux is placed between the TC4 type titanium alloy plate and the Inconel718 plate, no gap is left between the interfaces of Ti/Nb, Nb/Cu and Cu/Ni interfaces, the width of the interlayer welding flux is 0.8mm, the thickness of the Cu interlayer welding flux is 30 mu m, a pulse laser spot is placed at a position 0.2mm away from the Ti/Nb interface and close to the Ti side, pulse laser welding is carried out in a double-sided argon protective atmosphere, and the pulse laser welding process parameters are as follows: the laser peak power is 1.7kW, the pulse width is 20ms, the pulse frequency is 40Hz, the welding speed is 600mm/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the front protective gas flow is 15L/min, and the back protective gas flow is 13L/min in the double-sided protective atmosphere.
Microscopic observation of the obtained titanium-nickel heterojunction gave the same microscopic image as shown in example 1.
The resulting ti — ni heterojunction was subjected to a mechanical tensile test as shown in example 1, and had a joint tensile strength of 200MPa and an elongation of 2%.
Example 3
In order to obtain a titanium-nickel heterojunction, pulse laser welding is carried out on TC4 type titanium alloy and Inconel718, wherein the TC4 type titanium alloy plate and the Inconel718 plate have the same size and specification and are 100mm (length) multiplied by 50mm (width) multiplied by 1.0mm (thickness), niobium and copper interlayer welding flux is placed between the TC4 type titanium alloy plate and the Inconel718 plate, no gap is left between the interfaces of Ti/Nb, Nb/Cu and Cu/Ni interfaces, the width of the interlayer welding flux is 0.9mm, the thickness of the Cu interlayer welding flux is 40 mu m, a pulse laser spot is placed at a position 0.2mm away from the Nb side of the Ti/Nb interface, pulse laser welding is carried out in a double-sided argon protective atmosphere, and the pulse laser welding process parameters are as follows: the laser peak power is 1.6kW, the pulse width is 15ms, the pulse frequency is 50Hz, the welding speed is 800mm/min, the defocusing amount is 0.3mm, the front protective gas flow is 18L/min, and the back protective gas flow is 10L/min in the double-sided protective atmosphere.
Microscopic observation of the obtained titanium-nickel heterojunction gave the same microscopic image as shown in example 1.
The resulting ti — ni heterojunction was subjected to a mechanical tensile test as shown in example 1, and had a joint tensile strength of 200MPa and an elongation of 2.5%.
Comparative example 1
Selecting a TC4 type titanium alloy plate and an Inconel718 plate, wherein the size and specification of the TC4 type titanium alloy plate and the Inconel718 plate are the same, the size and specification of the TC4 type titanium alloy plate and the Inconel718 plate are both 100mm (length) multiplied by 50mm (width) multiplied by 1.0mm (thickness), carrying out heterogeneous pulse laser direct contact welding on the TC4 type titanium alloy and pure Cu, a pulse laser spot is positioned on a Ti/Inconel 718 interface, carrying out pulse laser welding under the atmosphere of double-sided argon protection, and the pulse laser: the laser peak power is 1.5kW, the pulse width is 15ms, the pulse frequency is 40Hz, the welding speed is 600mm/min, the defocusing amount is 0mm, the front protective gas flow is 18L/min, and the back protective gas flow is 10L/min in the double-sided protective atmosphere.
As a result, the titanium alloy and the Inconel718 are easy to generate a large amount of intermetallic compounds, and the joint welding part is broken after the welding is finished.
Comparative example 2
Other parameters and processing steps are the same as those of example 1, the Nb + Cu interlayer composite layer is replaced by a Nb interlayer, the interlayer thickness is unchanged, the width of the niobium interlayer solder is 1.0mm, and as a result, it is found that although the Inconel718 and Nb realize effective bonding at the welding interface with the Inconel718 and Nb, the formation of Nb-Ni intermetallic compounds still exists in the welding seam, the strength of the joint is 145MPa, the elongation is 1.5%, and the plasticity of the welding seam is poor.
Comparative example 3
Other parameters and processing steps were the same as those of example 1, in which the Nb + Cu interlayer composite layer was replaced with a Nb + V interlayer, the interlayer thickness was unchanged, the niobium interlayer solder width was 1.0mm, and the V interlayer solder width was 50 μm, and as a result, it was found that although effective bonding was exhibited at the Inconel718 and V welding interface, the formation of Nb-Vi intermetallic compound in the weld limited the improvement of the overall performance of the weld, and the joint had a strength of 158MPa, an elongation of 1.4%, and poor joint performance.
Comparative example 4
Other parameters and processing steps were the same as those of example 1, in which the Nb + Cu interlayer composite layer was replaced with a V + Cu interlayer, the interlayer thickness was unchanged, the V interlayer solder width was 1.0mm, and the Cu interlayer solder width was 50 μm, and Inconel718 did not achieve effective bonding with Cu because V had lower thermal conductivity than Nb and required higher heat input.
Comparative example 5
Other parameters and treatment steps were the same as those of example 1, in which the Nb + Cu interlayer composite layer was replaced with Cu2V alloy intermediate layer with constant thickness, Cu2V the width of the solder of the middle layer is 1.0mm, the width of the solder of the Cu middle layer is 50 μm,as a result, it was found that Ti was formed on the titanium side due to the presence of a large amount of Ti-Ni-Cu ternary phase in the weld2The Cu compound layer causes poor mechanical property of the joint, and the tensile strength of the Cu compound layer is only 179 MPa.
As can be seen from the above examples and comparative examples, when two metal materials with great difference in thermal physical properties, namely titanium and nickel, are welded, the phenomenon that the joint is directly broken exists when the two metal materials are directly welded; when the Nb intermediate solder with high heat conduction performance is added, Nb-Ni intermetallic compounds are generated in the welding seam although the joint has certain strength. When the Nb + Cu composite intermediate layer is used, no intermetallic compound is generated in the welding seam, and the plasticity of the welding seam is obviously improved.
Claims (4)
1. A laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous reaction welding method for a titanium-nickel heterojunction is characterized in that: adding a composite interlayer solder between a titanium material and a nickel material, wherein the first layer of the composite interlayer solder is niobium metal, the second layer of the composite interlayer solder is copper metal, the bonding interface of the niobium metal and the titanium material is an interface 1, the bonding interface of the niobium metal and the copper metal is an interface 2, the bonding interface of the copper metal and the nickel material is an interface 3, and the focus of a welding heat source is positioned near the interface 1; in the welding process, heat generated by a welding heat source forms a melting welding mode at a bonding interface of the first layer of interlayer solder and the titanium material, and the melting point of the second layer of interlayer solder is higher when the heat is conducted to the interface 2 and the interface 3 through the first layer of interlayer solder; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
a determination of interlayer solder: adding niobium and copper as a composite interlayer solder between contact interfaces of a titanium material and a nickel material, and ensuring that no gap is left between an interface 1, an interface 2 and an interface 3, wherein the thickness of the niobium interlayer solder is 0.8-1.0 mm, and the thickness of the copper interlayer solder is 30-50 mu m;
b, determining the position of a heat source: adopting a laser welding mode, wherein the center of a laser heat source is arranged at the interface of titanium/niobium +/-0.2 mm;
c, heat output control: controlling the heat output by the center of the laser heat source to partially melt the titanium base material and the niobium metal, so that unmelted niobium metal with a certain thickness exists between the interface 1 and the interface 2, and when the heat is transmitted to the interface 2 and the interface 3, the generated temperature is higher than the melting point of copper metal, and finally a fusion welding seam is formed at the interface 1 and a brazing welding seam is formed at the interface 2 and the interface 3;
the parameters in the laser welding are controlled as follows: the peak power of the laser is 1.5-1.7 kW, the pulse width is 10-20 ms, the pulse frequency is 40-50 Hz, the welding speed is 600-1200 mm/min, the defocusing amount is 0-1 mm, the flow of the protective gas is 15-20L/min at the front side, and 8-13L/min at the back side.
2. The laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous reaction welding method for the titanium-nickel heterojunction as recited in claim 1, wherein: the niobium and copper composite interlayer solder is a pure niobium welding wire and a pure copper welding wire.
3. The laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous reaction welding method for the titanium-nickel heterojunction as recited in claim 1, wherein: and c, performing inert gas protection on the melting area and the heat affected area when the step c of controlling the heat output is performed.
4. The laser-induced monotectic and homogeneous reaction welding method for the titanium-nickel heterojunction as recited in claim 1, wherein: the titanium material is pure titanium or titanium alloy, and the nickel material is nickel-based alloy.
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| CN109570762B (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2020-12-11 | 宝鸡文理学院 | Method for connecting nickel-titanium shape memory alloy and stainless steel heterojunction |
| CN109570765B (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2020-12-18 | 沈阳工业大学 | Manufacturing method for laser material increase connection of titanium alloy and nickel-based superalloy |
| CN110421261B (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-09-28 | 新疆大学 | Laser welding method for titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal added with composite intermediate layer |
| CN111230114A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-05 | 沈阳工业大学 | Laser additive manufacturing method of TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material |
| CN112475318A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-12 | 华中科技大学 | 4D printing method for nickel-titanium alloy and titanium alloy multi-material |
| CN113042876B (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2023-04-21 | 东北大学秦皇岛分校 | Friction stir additive manufacturing method for presetting heterogeneous metal interlayer |
| CN115229194B (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2023-01-03 | 太原理工大学 | Method for realizing connection of titanium steel medium plate by high-speed laser cladding additive CuNi alloy |
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