CN111230114A - Laser additive manufacturing method of TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material - Google Patents
Laser additive manufacturing method of TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material comprises the following steps: s1, preparing raw materials: TC4 and IN625 alloy powders and pure Cu and Y powders; s2, pretreating a titanium alloy (TC4) substrate; s3, manufacturing the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material by laser additive manufacturing according to the following steps, inhibiting two metals from directly contacting to generate intermetallic compounds, reducing crack sensitivity, enabling the two alloys to perfectly form the functional gradient composite material, providing a potential multifunctional material for the fields of aerospace and the like, and having great significance for weight reduction and performance improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, IN particular to a laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material.
Background
The functional gradient composite material is a new generation of high-performance and multifunctional material, and the performance of one part can meet various service conditions and can be customized. At present, most multifunctional components are made of a single material and have nominal uniform performance, but the performance requirements of the whole component on the aspects of weight reduction, wear resistance, fatigue, creep and the like are very different, some requirements can be generally improved only by heat treatment and the like, but the requirements of service performance cannot be met, and the multifunctional requirements are more difficult to meet. Functionally graded composites are a more desirable solution to the above problems.
Titanium alloy has high strength, small density and good mechanical property, while nickel-based high-temperature alloy has excellent high-temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, so the two materials are widely applied to the field of aerospace. The current potential application of the functionally graded composite material composed of the two materials is the preparation of the composite material used as an aviation heat exchanger and an integral engine turbine. However, the nickel-titanium alloy generates nickel-titanium intermetallic compounds during the pyrometallurgical reaction process, which leads to the increase of crack sensitivity of the formed part, and thus it is difficult to prepare parts by the additive manufacturing method. In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a transition mode in which Cu or Y or Cu + Y is added as an intermediate layer, thereby inhibiting the formation of nickel-titanium intermetallic compounds and achieving the purpose of reducing crack sensitivity.
The traditional functional gradient composite material is prepared by manufacturing parts by reducing materials and then preparing multifunctional parts by a welding method. Conventional manufacturing methods are wasteful and multiple functions are often achieved through complex heat treatment processes.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material, which aims to solve the problems IN the background technology.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: TC4 and IN625 alloy powders and pure Cu and Y powders;
s2, pretreating a titanium alloy (TC4) substrate;
s3, manufacturing the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material by laser additive manufacturing according to the following steps:
3.1, preparing a TC4 sample piece on a titanium alloy (TC4) substrate;
3.2, preparing a transition layer on the TC4 sample, wherein the transition layer has one of the following three forms: a. consists of pure Cu powder; b. is composed of Y powder; c. the material is composed of pure Cu powder transition layers and pure Y powder transition layers alternately;
3.3, preparing an IN625 sample on the transition layer.
3.3, after the preparation of the functional gradient composite material is finished, cooling to room temperature to obtain the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material.
IN the S1 step, the TC4 and IN625 alloy powders were pretreated after preparing the raw materials:
and (4) drying, namely drying the powder of each component in the S11 to remove the water in the powder.
The drying is carried out in vacuum at the heating temperature of 100 ℃ for 1.5 h.
Titanium alloy (TC4) substrate pretreatment in S2 step:
and (3) polishing the surface of the titanium alloy substrate, wiping the titanium alloy substrate clean by alcohol, and drying.
The drying is carried out in vacuum at the heating temperature of 120 ℃ for 0.5 h.
The grain size of the TC4 powder is 45-105 mu m, the grain size of the Cu powder is 45-105 mu m, the grain size of the Y alloy powder is 45-105 mu m, and the grain size of the IN625 powder is 45-105 mu m.
The TC4 sample piece additive manufacturing process comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1200-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 6-8g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min. The additive manufacturing process adopted IN the preparation process of the deposition layer IN625 comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1100-1300W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min.
The additive manufacturing process of the transition layer composed of the pure Cu powder and the transition layer composed of the Y powder in the step 3.2 includes: the laser power is 1000-1200W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min;
the additive manufacturing process of the transition layer composed of the pure Cu powder transition layer and the pure Y powder transition layer in the step 3.2 comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1100-1300W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min.
The transition layers IN the step 3.2 are all at least 3 layers, the thickness of each layer is 0.4-0.8 mm until the layer thickness is 1-3 mm, the TC4 and IN625 layers are at least 3 layers, and the thickness of each layer is 0.1-0.8 mm until the layer thickness is 1-3 mm.
The advantages and effects are as follows:
a laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreating alloy powder;
and S2, pretreating the titanium alloy substrate. Polishing the surface of the titanium alloy substrate, wiping the titanium alloy substrate clean by alcohol, and drying the titanium alloy substrate;
s3, and laser additive manufacturing of the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material.
Further, the step S1 specifically includes:
s11, preparing raw material powder, wherein the raw material powder consists of TC4 and IN625 alloy powder and pure Cu and Y, the preparation method is vacuum atomization preparation, and the component content and the size range of the powder meet the national standard requirements;
and S12, drying, namely drying the powder of each component in the S11 (heating temperature of 100 ℃ in vacuum and holding time of 1.5h), and removing water in the powder.
Further, the step S2 specifically includes:
s21, polishing the surface of the titanium alloy substrate (TC 4-the component range and the performance index meet the national standard requirements), wiping the surface clean by alcohol, and drying (the heating temperature is 120 ℃ in vacuum and the heat preservation time is 0.5 h).
Further, the step S3 specifically includes:
s31, preparing the functional gradient composite material according to a pre-designed processing path, wherein the preparation process is carried out under the protection of argon, raw material powder is sent to a laser action area by a coaxial laser processing head and a powder feeder, and the raw material powder and a base material are melted, metallurgically reacted and solidified by high-energy laser beams to finally form a deposition layer;
s32, preparing a TC4 sample on a titanium alloy (TC4) substrate,
s33, preparing a Cu transition layer on the TC4 sample piece, and then preparing an IN625 sample piece on the Cu transition layer;
s34, preparing a Y transition layer on the TC4 sample, and then preparing an IN625 sample on the Y transition layer;
s35, (third) preparing a Cu transition layer on the TC4 sample piece, preparing a Y transition layer on the Cu transition layer, (the positions of the Cu transition layer and the Y transition layer can be exchanged), and then preparing an IN625 sample piece on the Y transition layer (the Cu transition layer);
s36, cooling to room temperature after the preparation of the functional gradient composite material is finished, and obtaining the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material;
further: the TC4 powder of claim 5 having a particle size of 45-105 μm, the Cu powder of 45-105 μm, the Y alloy powder of 45-105 μm, and the IN625 powder of 45-105 μm.
Further: the additive manufacturing process in the step S32: the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the laser power is 1200-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 6-8g/min, and the gas feeding amount of argon as a protective gas is 15L/min.
Further: the additive manufacturing process in step S33 or S34: the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the laser power is 1000-1200W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of argon as a protective gas is 15L/min.
Further: the additive manufacturing process in the step S35: the diameter of a laser spot is 3mm, the laser power is 1100-1300W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of argon as a protective gas is 15L/min.
Further: the transition layers in S33, S34 and S35 are all at least 3 layers.
The invention adopts a laser direct deposition manufacturing (laser additive manufacturing-LDM) method to realize the preparation of multifunctional parts. The method is a rapid forming manufacturing process, is easy to realize heterogeneous manufacturing of various materials, is easy to realize manufacturing of multifunctional parts, is simple and convenient in manufacturing method, is remarkable in weight reduction, low in dilution rate, small in heat affected zone, fine in microstructure and good in comprehensive performance, and can realize integrated forming preparation of complex structural parts.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: by adopting a laser additive manufacturing technology, heterogeneous manufacturing of various materials and manufacturing of multifunctional parts are easy to realize, the manufacturing method is simple and convenient, the weight reduction is remarkable, the dilution rate is low, the heat affected zone is small, the microstructure is fine, the comprehensive performance is good, and the integrated molding preparation of complex structural parts can be realized; a Cu or Y or Cu + Y transition layer is added between TC4 and IN625, so that intermetallic compounds generated by direct contact of two metals are inhibited, crack sensitivity is reduced, the two alloys can perfectly form a functionally gradient composite material, a potential multifunctional material is provided for the fields of aerospace and the like, and great significance is brought to weight reduction and performance improvement.
Drawings
The figures are not drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the internal microstructure of the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material prepared by the laser additive manufacturing method and at the joint of the TC4 and the Cu transition layer.
FIG. 3 is a graph of the internal microstructure of the laser additive manufactured TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material, where IN625 is combined with a Cu transition layer, prepared by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
A laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: TC4 and IN625 alloy powders and pure Cu (copper) powders (purity 99.5%) and Y (yttrium) powders;
s2, pretreating a titanium alloy (TC4) substrate;
s3, manufacturing the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material by laser additive manufacturing according to the following steps:
3.1, preparing a TC4 sample piece on a titanium alloy (TC4) substrate;
3.2, preparing a transition layer on the TC4 sample (deposition layer), wherein the transition layer has one of the following three forms: a. consists of pure Cu powder; b. is composed of Y powder; c. the material is composed of pure Cu powder transition layers and pure Y powder transition layers alternately; namely:
preparing a Cu transition layer on a TC4 sample, and then preparing an IN625 sample on the Cu transition layer;
preparing a Y-transition layer on the IN625 sample, and then preparing a second layer of the IN625 sample on the Y-transition layer;
or preparing a Cu transition layer on the second IN625 sample, preparing a Y transition layer on the Cu transition layer, and then preparing a fourth IN625 sample on the Y transition layer;
3.3, preparing an IN625 sample on the transition layer.
3.3, after the preparation of the functional gradient composite material is finished, cooling to room temperature to obtain the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material.
IN the S1 step, the TC4 and IN625 alloy powders were pretreated after preparing the raw materials:
and (4) drying, namely drying the powder of each component in the S11 to remove the water in the powder.
The drying is carried out in vacuum at the heating temperature of 100 ℃ for 1.5 h.
Titanium alloy (TC4) substrate pretreatment in S2 step:
the titanium alloy substrate (TC 4-component range and performance index meet the national standard) is polished on the surface, cleaned by alcohol and dried.
The drying is carried out in vacuum at the heating temperature of 120 ℃ for 0.5 h.
The manufacturing method of the alloy powder of the step S1, the TC4 and the IN625 is vacuum atomization preparation, and the content of the powder components and the size range of the powder meet the national standard requirements.
In the step S3:
preparing a functional gradient composite material according to a pre-designed processing path, wherein the preparation process is carried out under the protection of argon (with the concentration of 99.99%), raw material powder is sent to a laser action area by using a coaxial laser processing head and a powder feeder, and the raw material powder and a base material are melted, subjected to metallurgical reaction and solidified by using a high-energy laser beam to finally form a deposition layer;
the grain size of the TC4 powder is 45-105 mu m, the grain size of the Cu powder is 45-105 mu m, the grain size of the Y alloy powder is 45-105 mu m, and the grain size of the IN625 powder is 45-105 mu m.
The TC4 sample piece additive manufacturing process in the 3.3 step comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1200-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 6-8g/min, the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon (argon concentration is 99.99%) is 15L/min, and the additive manufacturing process adopted IN the preparation process of the deposition layer IN625 comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1100-1300W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min.
The additive manufacturing process of the transition layer composed of the pure Cu powder and the transition layer composed of the Y powder in the step 3.2 includes: the laser power is 1000-1200W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min;
the additive manufacturing process of the transition layer composed of the pure Cu powder transition layer and the pure Y powder transition layer in the step 3.2 comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1100-1300W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min.
10. The laser additive manufacturing method of the TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the transition layers IN the step 3.2 are all at least 3 layers, the thickness of each layer is 0.4-0.8 mm until the layer thickness is 1-3 mm, the TC4 and IN625 layers are at least 3 layers, and the thickness of each layer is 0.1-0.8 mm until the layer thickness is 1-3 mm.
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In this disclosure, aspects of the present invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which a number of illustrative embodiments are shown. In addition, some aspects of the present disclosure may be used alone, or in any suitable combination with other aspects of the present disclosure.
Example 1:
a laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of alloy powder:
the TC4 powder has a particle size of 45-105 μm, the Cu powder has a particle size of 45-105 μm, and the IN625 powder has a particle size of 45-105 μm.
Putting the powder of each component into a vacuum drying oven for drying, wherein the heating temperature is as follows: 100 ℃, heat preservation time: and (5) removing water in the powder for 1.5h to obtain the raw material powder.
S2, pretreatment of the titanium alloy substrate:
choose the titanium alloy base plate for TC4, use the abrasive machine to carry out the coarse polishing to the substrate surface, choose the fine substrate surface of polishing of 400# abrasive paper for use, get rid of surface oil stain, oxide etc. use alcohol to clean the substrate surface, put into vacuum drying oven with it and dry, heating temperature: and (3) keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for a period of time: 0.5 h.
S3, laser additive manufacturing of TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material:
the preparation of the functional gradient composite material is carried out under the protection of argon, raw material powder is sent to a laser action area by a coaxial laser processing head and a powder feeder, the raw material powder and a substrate are melted, metallurgically reacted and solidified by high-energy laser beams, and finally a deposition layer is formed.
Additive manufacturing process used in the TC4 deposition layer (sample) preparation process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1200W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 8g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 0 layers were prepared, each 0.2mm thick.
Preparing a deposited layer Cu transition layer on a TC4 deposited layer (sample piece), wherein the preparation process adopts an additive manufacturing process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1000W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. Preparing 13 layers, wherein the thickness of each layer is 0.2 mm.
Preparing an IN625 layer on the Cu transition layer, and depositing an IN625 layer by adopting an additive manufacturing process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1100W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. Preparing 23 layers, wherein the thickness of each layer is 0.1 mm.
And after the preparation of the whole sample piece is finished, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material which is prepared by the laser additive manufacturing and takes Cu as an intermediate transition layer.
The sample was cut to the size required for testing using a wire cutter.
Example 2:
a laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of alloy powder:
the TC4 powder has a particle size of 45-105 μm, the Y alloy powder has a particle size of 45-105 μm, and the IN625 powder has a particle size of 45-105 μm.
Putting the powder of each component into a vacuum drying oven for drying, wherein the heating temperature is as follows: 100 ℃, heat preservation time: and (5) removing water in the powder for 1.5h to obtain the raw material powder.
S2, pretreatment of the titanium alloy substrate:
choose the titanium alloy base plate for TC4, use the abrasive machine to carry out the coarse polishing to the substrate surface, choose the fine substrate surface of polishing of 400# abrasive paper for use, get rid of surface oil stain, oxide etc. use alcohol to clean the substrate surface, put into vacuum drying oven with it and dry, heating temperature: and (3) keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for a period of time: 0.5 h.
S3, laser additive manufacturing of TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material:
the preparation of the functional gradient composite material is carried out under the protection of argon, raw material powder is sent to a laser action area by a coaxial laser processing head and a powder feeder, the raw material powder and a substrate are melted, metallurgically reacted and solidified by high-energy laser beams, and finally a deposition layer is formed.
Additive manufacturing process used in the TC4 deposition layer (sample) preparation process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1400W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 6g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 8 layers were prepared, each 0.2mm thick.
Preparing a deposition layer Y transition layer on a TC4 deposition layer (sample piece), wherein the preparation process adopts an additive manufacturing process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1200W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 12g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 15 layers were prepared, each layer being 0.2mm thick.
Preparing an IN625 layer on the Y transition layer, and depositing an IN625 layer by an additive manufacturing process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1300W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 12g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 15 layers were prepared, each layer being 0.2mm thick.
And after the preparation of the whole sample piece is finished, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material which is prepared by the laser additive manufacturing and takes Cu as an intermediate transition layer.
The sample was cut to the size required for testing using a wire cutter.
Example 3:
a laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of alloy powder:
the grain size of TC4 powder is 45-105 μm, the grain size of Cu powder is 45-105 μm, the grain size of Y alloy powder is 45-105 μm, and the grain size of IN625 powder is 45-105 μm.
Putting the powder of each component into a vacuum drying oven for drying, wherein the heating temperature is as follows: 100 ℃, heat preservation time: and (5) removing water in the powder for 1.5h to obtain the raw material powder.
S2, pretreatment of the titanium alloy substrate:
choose the titanium alloy base plate for TC4, use the abrasive machine to carry out the coarse polishing to the substrate surface, choose the fine substrate surface of polishing of 400# abrasive paper for use, get rid of surface oil stain, oxide etc. use alcohol to clean the substrate surface, put into vacuum drying oven with it and dry, heating temperature: and (3) keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for a period of time: 0.5 h.
S3, laser additive manufacturing of TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material:
the preparation of the functional gradient composite material is carried out under the protection of argon, raw material powder is sent to a laser action area by a coaxial laser processing head and a powder feeder, the raw material powder and a substrate are melted, metallurgically reacted and solidified by high-energy laser beams, and finally a deposition layer is formed.
Additive manufacturing process used in the TC4 deposition layer (sample) preparation process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1400W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 6g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 8 layers were prepared, each 0.2mm thick.
Preparing a deposited layer Cu transition layer on a TC4 deposited layer (sample piece), wherein the preparation process adopts an additive manufacturing process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1200W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 12g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 10 layers were prepared, each layer being 0.1 mm thick.
Preparing a Y transition layer on the Cu transition layer, wherein the additive manufacturing process adopted in the preparation process comprises the following steps: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1200W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 12g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 15 layers were prepared, each layer being 0.2mm thick.
Preparing an IN625 layer on the Y transition layer, and depositing an IN625 layer by an additive manufacturing process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1300W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 12g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 15 layers were prepared, each layer being 0.2mm thick.
And after the preparation of the whole sample piece is finished, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material which is prepared by the laser additive manufacturing and takes Cu as an intermediate transition layer.
The sample was cut to the size required for testing using a wire cutter.
Example 4:
a laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material comprises the following steps:
s1, pretreatment of alloy powder:
the grain size of TC4 powder is 45-105 μm, the grain size of Cu powder is 45-105 μm, the grain size of Y alloy powder is 45-105 μm, and the grain size of IN625 powder is 45-105 μm.
Putting the powder of each component into a vacuum drying oven for drying, wherein the heating temperature is as follows: 100 ℃, heat preservation time: and (5) removing water in the powder for 1.5h to obtain the raw material powder.
S2, pretreatment of the titanium alloy substrate:
choose the titanium alloy base plate for TC4, use the abrasive machine to carry out the coarse polishing to the substrate surface, choose the fine substrate surface of polishing of 400# abrasive paper for use, get rid of surface oil stain, oxide etc. use alcohol to clean the substrate surface, put into vacuum drying oven with it and dry, heating temperature: and (3) keeping the temperature at 120 ℃ for a period of time: 0.5 h.
S3, laser additive manufacturing of TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material:
the preparation of the functional gradient composite material is carried out under the protection of argon, raw material powder is sent to a laser action area by a coaxial laser processing head and a powder feeder, the raw material powder and a substrate are melted, metallurgically reacted and solidified by high-energy laser beams, and finally a deposition layer is formed.
Additive manufacturing process used in the TC4 deposition layer (sample) preparation process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1400W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 6g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 3 layers were prepared, each layer being 0.8mm thick.
Preparing a deposition layer Y transition layer on a TC4 deposition layer (sample piece), wherein the preparation process adopts an additive manufacturing process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1100W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 45%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 15g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 6 layers were prepared, each layer being 0.5 mm thick.
Preparing a Cu transition layer on the Y transition layer, wherein the additive manufacturing process adopted in the preparation process comprises the following steps: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1200W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 12g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. And preparing 20 layers, wherein the thickness of each layer is 0.1 mm.
Preparing an IN625 layer on the Cu transition layer, and depositing an IN625 layer by adopting an additive manufacturing process: the diameter of a laser light plate is 3mm, the laser power is 1300W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40%, the powder feeding amount of a powder feeder is 12g/min, and the gas feeding amount of protective gas argon is 15L/min. 15 layers were prepared, each layer being 0.2mm thick.
And after the preparation of the whole sample piece is finished, air cooling to room temperature to obtain the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material which is prepared by the laser additive manufacturing and takes Cu as an intermediate transition layer.
The sample was cut to the size required for testing using a wire cutter.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic structural diagram of a functionally graded composite material manufactured by the laser additive manufacturing method of TC4/IN625 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown IN fig. 1, wherein a 1-TC4 deposition layer, a 2-Cu (or Y or Cu + Y) transition layer, a 3-IN625 deposition layer, and a 4-titanium alloy substrate are shown.
As shown IN fig. 2, a microstructure photograph of the TC4 and Cu transition layer junction is shown for the laser additive manufacturing TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material prepared by the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the internal structure is uniform and no defect is generated, the transition layer is well combined with TC4, and metallurgical bonding is realized.
As shown IN fig. 3, a microstructure photograph of a Cu transition layer is shown for the laser additive manufacturing TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material prepared by the embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the internal tissue is uniform and no defect is generated.
IN summary, the present invention provides a laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material, which includes the following steps: pretreating three kinds of alloy powder; pretreating a TC4 titanium alloy substrate; and (3) laser additive manufacturing of the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material. IN the method of the invention, TC4 has high strength, small density and good mechanical property, and IN625 has excellent high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance, so the two materials are widely applied to the aerospace field. The potential application of the functional gradient composite material composed of the two materials is used for preparing an aviation heat exchanger at present. However, nitinol alloys can form nitinol during bonding, which can lead to cracking and thus performance of the component parts. IN order to solve the challenge, the invention provides a transitional mode which adds Cu or Y or Cu + Y as an intermediate layer to connect TC4 and IN625, and prevents TC4 and IN625 from being directly connected to generate intermetallic compounds, thereby avoiding the generation of cracks. The laser direct deposition manufacturing is a rapid forming manufacturing process, has simple steps, low dilution rate, small heat affected zone, very fine microstructure and better mechanical property, can greatly shorten the processing time, and can realize the integrated forming preparation of complex structural parts.
Claims (10)
1. A laser additive manufacturing method of a TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: TC4 and IN625 alloy powders and pure Cu and Y powders;
s2, pretreating a titanium alloy (TC4) substrate;
s3, manufacturing the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material by laser additive manufacturing according to the following steps:
3.1, preparing a TC4 sample piece on a titanium alloy (TC4) substrate;
3.2, preparing a transition layer on the TC4 sample, wherein the transition layer has one of the following three forms: a. consists of pure Cu powder; b. is composed of Y powder; c. the material is composed of pure Cu powder transition layers and pure Y powder transition layers alternately;
3.3, preparing an IN625 sample on the transition layer.
2. The laser additive manufacturing method of the TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material according to claim 1, wherein:
3.3, after the preparation of the functional gradient composite material is finished, cooling to room temperature to obtain the TC4/IN625 functional gradient composite material.
3. The laser additive manufacturing method of the TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material according to claim 1, wherein: IN the S1 step, the TC4 and IN625 alloy powders were pretreated after preparing the raw materials:
and (4) drying, namely drying the powder of each component in the S11 to remove the water in the powder.
4. The laser additive manufacturing method of the TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material as claimed IN claim 3, wherein: the drying is carried out in vacuum at the heating temperature of 100 ℃ for 1.5 h.
5. The laser additive manufacturing method of the TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material according to claim 1, wherein: titanium alloy (TC4) substrate pretreatment in S2 step:
and (3) polishing the surface of the titanium alloy substrate, wiping the titanium alloy substrate clean by alcohol, and drying.
6. The laser additive manufacturing method of the TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material as claimed IN claim 5, wherein: the drying is carried out in vacuum at the heating temperature of 120 ℃ for 0.5 h.
7. The laser additive manufacturing method of the TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the grain size of the TC4 powder is 45-105 mu m, the grain size of the Cu powder is 45-105 mu m, the grain size of the Y alloy powder is 45-105 mu m, and the grain size of the IN625 powder is 45-105 mu m.
8. The laser additive manufacturing method of the TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the TC4 sample piece additive manufacturing process comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1200-1400W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 6-8g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min; the additive manufacturing process adopted IN the preparation process of the deposition layer IN625 comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1100-1300W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min.
9. The laser additive manufacturing method of the TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material of claim 1, wherein the additive manufacturing process of the step 3.2, IN which the transition layer is composed of pure Cu powder and the transition layer is composed of Y powder, comprises: the laser power is 1000-1200W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min;
the additive manufacturing process of the transition layer composed of the pure Cu powder transition layer and the pure Y powder transition layer in the step 3.2 comprises the following steps: the laser power is 1100-1300W, the laser scanning speed is 600mm/min, the lap joint rate is 40-50%, the powder feeding amount of the powder feeder is 12-16g/min, and the gas feeding amount of the protective gas argon is 15L/min.
10. The laser additive manufacturing method of the TC4/IN625 functionally graded composite material according to claim 1, wherein: the transition layers in the step 3.2 are at least 3 layers, the thickness of each layer is 0.1-0.8 mm until the layer thickness is 1-3 mm, and the thickness of the TC4 and I N625 layers is at least 3 layers, and the thickness of each layer is 0.1-0.8 mm until the layer thickness is 1-3 mm.
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