CN1932082A - Fast laser depositing process of preparing antinwear heat resistant composite coating on surface of crystallizer - Google Patents
Fast laser depositing process of preparing antinwear heat resistant composite coating on surface of crystallizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN1932082A CN1932082A CNA2006100479952A CN200610047995A CN1932082A CN 1932082 A CN1932082 A CN 1932082A CN A2006100479952 A CNA2006100479952 A CN A2006100479952A CN 200610047995 A CN200610047995 A CN 200610047995A CN 1932082 A CN1932082 A CN 1932082A
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Abstract
The fast laser depositing process of preparing antiwear heat resistant composite coating on the surface of crystallizer features that high power laser is first utilized in fast scanning to form transition layer in excellent metallurgical binding with the substrate of crystallizer copper plate on the surface of the plate and then utilized in wide band deposition to form Co base alloy with excellent heat resistance and high wear resistance on the surface of the transition layer. Compared with convenient technological process, the present invention has the advantages of precise control in laser power, position, shape and other parameters, easy automatic control of the whole process, no environmental pollution, high production efficiency, low power consumption, etc. and may be used widely.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the quick melting and coating technique of laser field, particularly crystallizer surface prepares and repairs the method for wear-resisting heat resistanceheat resistant coating.
Background technology
Crystallizer is the ingot mold of a water-cooled, is the very important parts of continuous caster, is referred to as " heart " of continuous casting installation for casting.The principal mode that copper plate of crystallizer damages is to produce thermal crack, wearing and tearing and corrosion, and the local damage on surface often causes whole part to lose efficacy, and finally causes equipment scrapping; And the resource scarcity of copper and copper alloy, price has the trend that rises steadily again in the recent period; According to statistics, the price of a cover crystallizer is at 7～120,000 yuan, and the consumption of the annual copper crucible of China's smelter is more than 2,000,000,000 yuan.Therefore improve the wear resistance on copper plate of crystallizer surface and thermotolerance and be and increase economic efficiency and the essential measure of production efficiency.
Though the surface treatment methods such as plating, thermospray and plating that extensively adopt in the prior art can improve the wear resistance of copper plate of crystallizer,, reduced its strengthening effect to a certain extent because the coating and the matrix of plating and thermospray preparation are mechanical bond; The difficult control of plating coating diffusion between metal and the copper crystal lattice in application, and higher cost also makes their application be restricted.
In recent years, along with the widespread use of laser technology, the crystallizer surface coating adopted the laser melting and coating technique preparation, and the problem that this technology exists is that the formation of laser cladding process crackle and behavior are lacked deep research; Still lack special cladding material at the laser cladding process characteristic; The detection of laser cladding process and enforcement automatization control.Wherein, crack problem is particularly serious.The formation of crackle is owing to exist a large amount of many hard mutually and the bad distribution of hard phase in the cladding layer, and its high fragility is difficult to bear due to the big tensile stress that cladding process produces.Solve the crack problem that laser cladding layer occurs, will optimize the powdered alloy composition on the one hand, improve the obdurability of powder; To manage to reduce thermal stresses on the other hand exactly and use, reduce the residual tension of cladding process from technology.
Summary of the invention
Problem at prior art exists the invention provides a kind of high power CO
2The method that the quick cladding of laser apparatus prepares and repairs wear-resisting heat resistanceheat resistant compound coating at crystallizer surface.This method can prepare the specific function coating that forms metallurgical binding with matrix, thus significantly improve the wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat-resisting of substrate material surface and, anti-oxidation characteristics.
The technical scheme that adopts is:
At the quick depositing process of preparing antinwear heat resistant composite coating of crystallizer surface laser, comprise following process:
1, copper plate of crystallizer surface preparation
At room temperature adopt the H of 200～300g/l
2SO
4With the mixed solution of the HCl of 100～120g/l copper plate of crystallizer is carried out pickling and derust, copper plate of crystallizer is carried out the acidleach activation again, leaching time is 0.5～1 minute;
2, plasma spraying pre-deposition bottoming alloy
Earlier copper plate of crystallizer is cleaned with acetone before the spraying, carry out sandblasting then, adopt hydrogen to do combustion-supporting gas during spraying, argon gas is done protection gas.Earlier the spray gun flare is improved, sample is carried out 50～100 ℃ of preheatings, carry out plasma spraying then, spraying raw material is a Co-based alloy powder, and nickel-base alloy prime coat layer thickness is 0.3～0.4mm;
3, the quick cladding bottoming of superpower laser alloy
Select high power CO for use
2Laser apparatus is a worktable with the numerically-controlled machine, chooses best zlasing mode (low-order mode) with synthetic glass burned spot method, obtains stable plasma arcs state, utilizes high power CO then
2Laser apparatus carries out preheating at a slow speed with the sweep velocity of 300～700mm/min to the copper coin after spraying, and measures quick cladding bottoming alloy when preheating temperature reaches 400～500 ℃ with infrared thermometer; Concrete processing parameter is as follows:
Condensing lens f=100～300
Cladding power P=3000～10000W
Spot diameter D=1.2～3mm
Cladding scan velocity V=4～10m/min
Overlapping rate 40～60%
4, superpower laser broadband cladding Co-based alloy
Take automatic powder feeding system feeding powdered alloy, adopt the broadband cladding method at nickel-base alloy surface cladding cobalt base alloy.
Cladding power P=3000～10000W
Rectangular light spot length * wide=(2～10) mm * (1～2) mm
2
Cladding scan velocity V=4～10m/min
Overlapping rate 40～60%
5, subsequent heat treatment
Slow cooling at a slow speed behind the laser wide-band cladding cobalt base alloy was carried out 250～350 ℃ of stress relief annealings 5～7 hours to sample in heat treatment furnace.
Characteristics of the present invention are that laser type is a high power CO
2Gas laser, its maximum power is 10000W, 10.6 microns of wavelength can realize that arrowband low-order mode rapid scanning and broadband rectangular scanning carry out cladding.
The present invention selects the self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base close with the copper base material component (Ni～Cu～Si～B) as prime coat for use.This is because on the one hand, and this self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base has good toughness and reaches wear resistance preferably; On the one hand, the thermal expansivity of nickel and copper and fusing point are very close, can suppress like this in the laser cladding process because the difference between base material and the hot rerum natura of cladding material causes the structural stress that produces.In addition, the copper base material is carried out to a certain degree preheating and aftertreatment in that laser melting coating is forward and backward, by reducing thermograde, can suppress the cracking of cladding layer to a certain extent like this.On the other hand, prime coat provides good " heat insulation " barrier action for later stage broadband laser cladding Co-based alloy coating.
Principle of the present invention is as prime coat by the basic self-fluxing alloy powder of the heat resistanceheat resistant Ni that chooses the best close with heat physical properties with the copper plate of crystallizer composition, appropriate design is also optimized processing parameter, rise at the superpower low-order mode and to carry out the quick cladding of laser under the arc condition, later stage and copper coin form firm metallurgical binding, realize and the good toughness transition of body material; Choose all good Co base of heat-resistant antifriction corrosion resisting property alloy then, on copper plate of crystallizer, carry out the powder-feeding method laser wide-band cladding and handle, form the good compound coating of having strong resistance to heat and hard wearing of even compact.
Compare with the surface coating technology of routine, the power of laser beam, position and shape etc. can accurately be controlled, easily realize constituency even microcell cladding, and coated component is not disturbed by the matrix composition and influences, coat-thickness also can accurately be controlled, belong to contactless and handle, and whole process is easy to realize automatic control; In addition, laser melting and coating process environmentally safe, radiationless, lower noise also have the productivity height, energy consumption is low, cladding layer process redundancy is little, yield rate is high and comprehensive cost is low etc., and characteristics are widely used.Therefore, adopt laser melting and coating technique will produce remarkable economic efficiency and social benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
Of the present invention at the quick depositing process of preparing antinwear heat resistant composite coating of crystallizer surface laser, comprise following process:
1, copper plate of crystallizer surface preparation
At room temperature adopt the H of 200g/l
2SO
4With the mixed solution of the HCl of 100g/l copper plate of crystallizer is carried out pickling and derust, till the Ex-all; Again copper plate of crystallizer at room temperature is put into the H of 70～80g/l
2SO
4The middle immersion 0.5 minute makes its activation;
2, plasma spraying pre-deposition bottoming alloy
Earlier copper coin is cleaned with acetone before the spraying, carry out sandblasting then, adopt hydrogen to do combustion-supporting gas during spraying, argon gas is done protection gas, earlier the spray gun flare is improved, copper coin is carried out 60～70 ℃ of preheatings, under voltage 55V, electric current 500A condition, carry out plasma spraying then, self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is adopted in spraying, and pre-deposition bottoming alloy coat thickness is 0.3～0.4mm;
3, the quick cladding bottoming of superpower laser alloy
Select DL-HL-T10000 type CO for use
2Laser apparatus.Open the SIEMENS numerically-controlled machine.Choose best zlasing mode (low-order mode) with synthetic glass burned spot method, obtain stable plasma arcs state.Utilize laser apparatus then, with 500mm/min at a slow speed the copper base material after the spraying is carried out preheating, measure quick deposited nickel-base alloy when preheating temperature reaches 400～500 ℃ with infrared thermometer; Concrete processing parameter is as follows:
Condensing lens f=150
Cladding power P=4000W
Spot diameter D=1.8mm
Scan velocity V=5m/min
Overlapping rate 40%.
4, superpower laser broadband cladding Co-based alloy
Take automatic powder feeding system feeding powdered alloy, adopt the broadband cladding method at nickel-base alloy surface cladding cobalt base alloy.Its parameter is:
Cladding power P=3000W
Rectangular light spot length * wide=4mm * 1mm
Cladding scan velocity V=5m/min
Overlapping rate 40%
5, subsequent heat treatment
Slow cooling at a slow speed behind the laser wide-band cladding cobalt base alloy was carried out 300 ℃ of stress relief annealings 5 hours to sample in heat treatment furnace.
Embodiment two
Of the present invention at the quick depositing process of preparing antinwear heat resistant composite coating of crystallizer surface laser, comprise following process:
1, copper plate of crystallizer surface preparation
At room temperature adopt the H of 250g/l
2SO
4With the mixed solution of the HCl of 110g/l copper plate of crystallizer is carried out pickling and derust, till the Ex-all; Again copper plate of crystallizer at room temperature is put into the H of 70～80g/l
2SO
4The middle immersion 0.8 minute makes its activation;
2, plasma spraying pre-deposition bottoming alloy
Earlier copper coin is cleaned with acetone before the spraying, carry out sandblasting then, adopt hydrogen to do combustion-supporting gas during spraying, argon gas is done protection gas, earlier the spray gun flare is improved, copper coin is carried out 70～80 ℃ of preheatings, under voltage 55V, electric current 500A condition, carry out plasma spraying then, self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is adopted in spraying, and pre-deposition bottoming alloy coat thickness is 0.3～0.4mm;
3, the quick cladding bottoming of superpower laser alloy
Select DL-HL-T10000 type CO for use
2Laser apparatus.Open the SIEMENS numerically-controlled machine.Choose best zlasing mode (low-order mode) with synthetic glass burned spot method, obtain stable plasma arcs state.Utilize laser apparatus then, with 600mm/min at a slow speed the copper base material after the spraying is carried out preheating, measure quick deposited nickel-base alloy when preheating temperature reaches 400～500 ℃ with infrared thermometer; Concrete processing parameter is as follows:
Condensing lens f=200
Cladding power P=6000W
Spot diameter D=2mm
Scan velocity V=6m/min
Overlapping rate 50%.
4, superpower laser broadband cladding Co-based alloy
Take automatic powder feeding system feeding powdered alloy, adopt the broadband cladding method at nickel-base alloy surface cladding cobalt base alloy.Its parameter is:
Cladding power P=5000W
Rectangular light spot length * wide=6mm * 1.5mm
Cladding scan velocity V=6m/min
Overlapping rate 50%
5, subsequent heat treatment
Slow cooling at a slow speed behind the laser wide-band cladding cobalt base alloy was carried out 250 ℃～350 ℃ stress relief annealings 6 hours to sample in heat treatment furnace.
Embodiment three
1, copper plate of crystallizer surface preparation
At room temperature adopt the H of 250g/l
2SO
4With the mixed solution of the HCl of 110g/l copper plate of crystallizer is carried out pickling and derust, till the Ex-all; Again copper plate of crystallizer at room temperature is put into the H of 75g/l
2SO
4The middle immersion 0.8 minute makes its activation;
2, plasma spraying pre-deposition bottoming alloy
Earlier copper coin is cleaned with acetone before the spraying, carry out sandblasting then, adopt hydrogen to do combustion-supporting gas during spraying, argon gas is done protection gas, earlier the spray gun flare is improved, copper coin is carried out 70～80 ℃ of preheatings, under voltage 55V, electric current 500A condition, carry out plasma spraying then, self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base is adopted in spraying, and pre-deposition bottoming alloy coat thickness is 0.3～0.4mm;
3, the quick cladding bottoming of superpower laser alloy
Select DL-HL-T10000 type CO for use
2Laser apparatus.Open the SIEMENS numerically-controlled machine.Choose best zlasing mode (low-order mode) with synthetic glass burned spot method, obtain stable plasma arcs state.Utilize laser apparatus then, with 700mm/min at a slow speed the copper base material after the spraying is carried out preheating, measure quick deposited nickel-base alloy when preheating temperature reaches 400～500 ℃ with infrared thermometer; Concrete processing parameter is as follows:
Condensing lens f=300
Cladding power P=8000W
Spot diameter D=3mm
Scan velocity V=8m/min
Overlapping rate 60%.
4, superpower laser broadband cladding Co-based alloy
Take automatic powder feeding system feeding powdered alloy, adopt the broadband cladding method at nickel-base alloy surface cladding cobalt base alloy.Its parameter is:
Cladding power P=8000W
Rectangular light spot length * wide=8mm * 2mm
Cladding scan velocity V=8m/min
Overlapping rate 60%
5, subsequent heat treatment
Slow cooling at a slow speed behind the laser wide-band cladding cobalt base alloy was carried out 250 ℃～350 ℃ stress relief annealings 7 hours to sample in heat treatment furnace.
Claims (4)
1, at the quick depositing process of preparing antinwear heat resistant composite coating of crystallizer surface laser, it is characterized in that utilizing superpower laser, become the good toughness bottoming transition layer of metallurgical binding with matrix at the copper plate of crystallizer surface cladding by the laser rapid scanning, and by laser wide-band cladding the bottoming alloy surface prepare cobalt base alloy wear-resisting and the heat resistanceheat resistant excellent property, its technological process is as follows:
A, copper plate of crystallizer surface preparation
At room temperature copper plate of crystallizer is carried out pickling and derust, copper coin is carried out the acidleach activation again, leaching time is 0.5～1 minute;
B, plasma spraying pre-deposition bottoming alloy
Earlier copper plate of crystallizer is cleaned with acetone before the spraying, carry out sandblasting then, adopt hydrogen to do combustion-supporting gas during spraying, argon gas is done protection gas; Earlier the spray gun flare is improved, sample is carried out 50～100 ℃ of preheatings, carry out plasma spraying then, spraying raw material is a Co-based alloy powder, and nickel-base alloy prime coat layer thickness is 0.3～0.4mm;
C, the quick cladding bottoming of superpower laser alloy
Select high power CO for use
2Laser apparatus, with the numerically-controlled machine is worktable, choose best zlasing mode with synthetic glass burned spot method, obtain stable plasma arcs state, utilize laser apparatus then, sweep velocity with 300～700mm/min is carried out preheating at a slow speed to the copper coin after spraying, and measures quick cladding bottoming alloy when preheating temperature reaches 400～500 ℃ with infrared thermometer; Concrete processing parameter is as follows:
Condensing lens f=100～300
Cladding power P=3000～10000W
Spot diameter D=1.2～3mm
Cladding scan velocity V=4～10m/min
Overlapping rate 40～60%;
D, superpower laser broadband cladding Co-based alloy
Take automatic powder feeding system feeding powdered alloy, adopt the broadband cladding method at nickel-base alloy surface cladding cobalt base alloy, parameter is:
Cladding power P=3000～10000W
Rectangular light spot length * wide=(2～10) mm * (1～2) mm
Cladding scan velocity V=4～10m/min
Overlapping rate 40～60%;
E, subsequent heat treatment
Slow cooling at a slow speed behind the laser wide-band cladding cobalt base alloy was carried out 250～350 ℃ of stress relief annealings 5～7 hours to sample in heat treatment furnace.
2, according to claim 1 at the quick depositing process of preparing antinwear heat resistant composite coating of crystallizer surface laser, it is characterized in that containing 20% bronze medal in its composition of the bottoming nickel-base alloy similar to copper plate of crystallizer heat physical properties.
3, according to claim 1 at the quick depositing process of preparing antinwear heat resistant composite coating of crystallizer surface laser, that adopt when it is characterized in that preparing ni base alloy coating is myriawatt CO
2Gas laser, condensing lens f=150, cladding power P=6000W, spot diameter D=1.8mm, scan velocity V=5m/min.
4, according to claim 1 at the quick depositing process of preparing antinwear heat resistant composite coating of crystallizer surface laser, what adopt when it is characterized in that preparing Co-based alloy coating is the broadband rapid scanning, cladding power P=3000W, rectangular light spot 4 * 1mm
2, scan velocity V=5m/min.
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