CN113215563A - High-temperature-friction-wear-resistant high-entropy alloy coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature-friction-wear-resistant high-entropy alloy coating and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113215563A CN113215563A CN202110446553.XA CN202110446553A CN113215563A CN 113215563 A CN113215563 A CN 113215563A CN 202110446553 A CN202110446553 A CN 202110446553A CN 113215563 A CN113215563 A CN 113215563A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature frictional wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating and a preparation method thereof, wherein the coating material comprises W, Mo, Ta and Nb simple substance pure metal wires, and the preparation method of the coating material comprises the following steps: s1, stranding wires, and preparing W, Mo, Ta and Nb elementary pure metal wires into refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wires by using stranded wire equipment; s2, processing a base material, namely, taking a nickel-based high-temperature alloy plate as the base material, firstly cleaning the surface of the base material, and then coating an active additive on the surface of the base material; s3, arc cladding forming, namely performing arc cladding forming on the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material on the base material by utilizing a composite wire material arc additive manufacturing process to form a high-temperature friction wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating; the high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the method has a compact structure and excellent bonding property, and is suitable for mass popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-entropy alloy coatings, in particular to a high-temperature frictional wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The rapid development of aeroengines and gas turbines puts a nearly rigorous requirement on high-temperature materials, at present, materials used for high-temperature structural components including high-pressure turbines of the turbine engines are mainly nickel-based superalloy, the service temperature of a fifth-generation nickel-based superalloy exceeds 1000 ℃, the highest service temperature can reach 90 percent of the melting point of the fifth-generation nickel-based superalloy, and the service limit is reached; in addition, due to the implementation of the deep sea and open sea strategy in China, the carrier-based aircraft moves in a wide water area along with the aircraft carrier, and the aircraft is shut down for storage and the working environment is exposed to the marine atmospheric environment with high salt content for a long time, so that higher requirements are put forward on the salt spray corrosion resistance of each component; in engineering practice, the service life of most parts is determined by the surface performance of the parts, so that the preparation of the high-entropy alloy coating on the surface of the part by the surface coating technology is an effective way for prolonging the service life of the part; in order to meet the use requirements of aerospace on low specific gravity and high temperature (>1200 ℃), a refractory high-entropy alloy coating which can be used in a high-temperature service environment must be developed.
The high-entropy alloy has excellent room/high-temperature mechanical properties and functional characteristics due to strong high-entropy effect, lattice distortion effect, diffusion hysteresis effect and interaction among multiple main elements; the refractory high-entropy alloy not only has excellent room/high-temperature mechanical property and thermal stability, but also has better toughness and specific strength; in addition, the alloy has good physical compatibility and thermal matching degree with the nickel-based high-temperature alloy, and has the potential of replacing ceramic high-temperature protective coatings; the ultra-fine/nano rare earth oxide dispersion strengthening is an important means for improving the mechanical property (especially the high-temperature property) of the alloy, and has important application in titanium-based and nickel-based superalloys; the refractory high-entropy alloy is mainly formed by combining several of VI group elements Cr/Mo/W, V group elements V/Nb/Ta and IV group elements Ti/Zr/Hf with other small amount of alloying elements; the high-entropy alloy can also keep higher yield strength at higher temperature, and can meet the harsh requirements of aerospace high-temperature service environment; but the melting point of the alloy powder is very high, and meanwhile, the alloy powder is a super-hard and super-brittle material, and the conventional coating preparation process is difficult to prepare the alloy powder into a coating through powder melting and plastic deformation, so that the material is very difficult to apply in the fields of aerospace and the like; compared with metal powder, the metal wire has the advantages of high utilization rate (close to 100%), no environmental pollution, no oxidation, convenient storage and the like; the part prepared by wire forming has more economic and price advantages, and the size range of the product prepared by wire forming is much larger than that of the product prepared by powder melting technology; the development of the high-entropy alloy wire is beneficial to realizing the engineering preparation and application of the high-entropy alloy material, and has very important practical significance and economic value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides the high-temperature frictional wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating with high deposition efficiency and high material utilization rate and the preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 12.45 to 42.64 percent of W, 7.68 to 33.68 percent of Mo, 16.36 to 44.52 percent of Ta and 9.45 to 26.36 percent of Nb; wherein, the raw materials of W, Mo, Ta and Nb are all single-substance pure metal wire materials, the purity is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the diameter is 0.5-1.0mm, and the length is 450-500 mm.
A preparation method of a high-entropy alloy coating resistant to high-temperature friction and wear is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 stranding wires
Taking W, Mo, Ta and Nb single-substance pure metal wires respectively, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wires by using stranded wire welding equipment; wherein the yarn-receiving speed is 5-10m/min and the lay length is 5-15mm in the equipment twisting process;
s2 substrate treatment
S2-1, taking a nickel-based high-temperature alloy plate as a base material, polishing the surface of the base material smoothly, removing an oil film on the surface of the base material, and then drying the base material for 0.5-1.5h at the temperature of 120-250 ℃ for later use;
s2-2, uniformly coating the active aid on the surface of the base material treated in the step S2-1, wherein the coating thickness of the active aid is 0.2-0.4 mm;
s3 arc cladding forming
Performing arc cladding on the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material obtained in the step S1 on the base material obtained in the step S2-2 by utilizing a composite wire material arc additive manufacturing process to form a high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 0.2-2 mm; wherein the arc cladding forming is carried out in the argon atmosphere, the gas flow rate is 12-16L/min, the cladding voltage of the arc cladding equipment is 14-28V, the cladding current is 90-250A, the arc length is 1.5-3.5mm, the wire feeding speed is 4.8-6.5m/min, and the cladding speed is 0.2-0.6 m/min.
Further, the coating raw material also comprises 0.68-1.22 wt% of Al simple substance pure metal wire, wherein the purity of the Al simple substance pure metal wire is more than or equal to 99.95%, the diameter is 0.5-1.0mm, and the length is 500-550 mm; the Al simple substance pure metal wire is used as the central wire of the high-entropy alloy stranded wire, so that the structural performance of the integral high-entropy alloy stranded wire can be improved.
Further, after the step S1 is finished, the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material obtained in the step S1 is placed into a water-cooled crucible of a vacuum smelting furnace, helium is filled into the vacuum smelting furnace until the pressure in the furnace reaches 0.01-0.03MPa, and the vacuum degree in the furnace reaches 1 multiplied by 10 through vacuum pumping-3-3×10-3MPa; then arc striking smelting is carried out for 3-5 times, and high-entropy alloy cast ingots are obtained after the alloy is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace; wherein the smelting current is 380-540A, and the smelting time is 30-80s each time; and finally, drawing the high-entropy alloy cast ingot into a high-entropy alloy wire with the diameter of 2-5mm by using wire drawing equipment, wherein the hardness and the wear resistance of the high-entropy alloy stranded wire are further improved after vacuum melting.
Further, before the step S3, the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material is subjected to preheating treatment for 1-3 hours at the temperature of 280-450 ℃, and the grain diameter of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material in the electric arc additive manufacturing process can be improved by performing the preheating treatment on the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material, so that the combination effect of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material and the base material is improved.
Further, when the step S1 is carried out, the helix angle of the welding wire twisting device is controlled to be 40-55 degrees, and the pulling force is controlled to be 7-9N; by controlling the helix angle and the pulling force of the stranded welding wire equipment, the internal stress of each simple substance pure metal wire in the gluing process can be removed, and the end part of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire is prevented from scattering in the welding process.
Further, in step S2-2, the coagent includes the following raw materials in parts by weight: SiO 2220-45 parts of MnO, 15-30 parts of TiO212-19 parts of active auxiliary agent, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively weighing the SiO in parts by weight2、MnO、TiO2Placing the mixture into a glass container, adding 16-25 parts of dimethyl ketone, and uniformly stirring; by coating the active assistant in the proportion on the surface of the base material, the penetration of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material during welding with the base material is improved, and the bonding strength of the high-entropy alloy coating and the base material is further improved.
Further, after the step S3 is completed, heating and remelting treatment is performed on the high-entropy alloy coating by using an argon tungsten-arc welding device, arc current of the argon tungsten-arc welding device is controlled to be 40-120A, and arc voltage is controlled to be 10-24V, and by performing remelting treatment on the high-entropy alloy coating, pores and slag inclusion in the high-entropy alloy coating after arc cladding forming can be eliminated, so that compactness and impact resistance of the high-entropy alloy coating are improved.
Further, after the step S2-1 is finished, the base material is subjected to sand blasting under the pressure of 0.5-1.8MPa, the sand blasting angle is controlled to be 45-60 degrees, the sand blasting distance is 80-120mm, and the roughness of the surface of the base material can be improved by performing sand blasting on the base material, so that the bonding strength between the high-entropy alloy coating and the base material is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating prepared by the method has a compact structure and excellent bonding property with a base material; meanwhile, the pure metal alloy wire has the advantages of high utilization rate, no environmental pollution, difficult oxidation, convenient storage and the like, the part prepared by wire forming has more economic and price advantages, the size range of the product prepared by wire forming is much larger than that of a powder melting technology, the development of the high-entropy alloy wire is beneficial to the realization of the engineering preparation and application of the high-entropy alloy material, and the practical significance and the economic value are very important; the invention innovatively utilizes the electric arc additive manufacturing technology to prepare the coating on the surface of the nickel-based alloy, has the advantages of high deposition efficiency, high material utilization rate, large size of manufactured parts, low equipment cost and the like, provides a new idea for preparing the high-entropy alloy coating resistant to high-temperature friction wear, and simultaneously provides a new method for preparing the electric arc additive manufacturing raw material, namely the high-entropy alloy wire, so that the method is more convenient and rapid, and effectively promotes the engineering application of the high-entropy alloy in the aspect of the coating.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 12.45% of W, 30.68% of Mo, 33.42% of Ta, and 23.45% of Nb; wherein, the raw materials of W, Mo, Ta and Nb are all single-substance pure metal wires, the purity is 99.95 percent, and the diameter is 0.5 mm; the length is 450 mm.
A preparation method of a high-entropy alloy coating resistant to high-temperature friction and wear comprises the following steps:
s1 stranding wires
Taking W, Mo, Ta and Nb single-substance pure metal wires respectively, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wires by using stranded wire welding equipment; wherein the yarn receiving speed in the equipment twisting process is 5m/min, and the twisting pitch is 5 mm;
s2 substrate treatment
S2-1, taking a nickel-based high-temperature alloy plate as a base material, polishing the surface of the base material to be smooth, removing an oil film on the surface of the base material, and then drying the base material at 120 ℃ for 0.5h for backup;
s2-2, uniformly coating an active aid on the surface of the base material treated in the step S2-1, wherein the coating thickness of the active aid is 0.2 mm; the active assistant adopts silicon dioxide powder sold in the market;
s3 arc cladding forming
Performing arc cladding on the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material obtained in the step S1 by utilizing a composite wire material arc additive manufacturing process on the base material obtained in the step S2-2 to form a high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 0.2 mm; the arc cladding forming is carried out in the argon atmosphere, the gas flow rate is 12L/min, the cladding voltage of arc cladding equipment is 14V, the cladding current is 90A, the arc length is 1.5mm, the wire feeding speed is 4.8m/min, and the cladding speed is 0.2 m/min.
Example 2: the high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30.55% of W, 7.68% of Mo, 39.57% of Ta, 21.25% of Nb and 0.95% of Al; wherein, the raw materials of W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Al are all single-substance pure metal wires, the purity is 99.99 percent, and the diameter is 0.8 mm; the lengths of the W, Mo, Ta and Nb elementary substance pure metal wire materials are 450mm, and the length of the Al elementary substance pure metal wire material is 500 mm.
A preparation method of a high-entropy alloy coating resistant to high-temperature friction and wear comprises the following steps:
s1 stranding wires
Taking W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Al simple substance pure metal wires respectively, taking the Al simple substance pure metal wire as a central wire, taking the W, Mo, Ta and Nb simple substance pure metal wires as peripheral wires, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wires by using stranded wire equipment; wherein the yarn receiving speed in the equipment twisting process is 8m/min, and the twisting pitch is 10 mm;
s2 substrate treatment
S2-1, taking a nickel-based high-temperature alloy plate as a base material, polishing the surface of the base material to be smooth, removing an oil film on the surface of the base material, and then drying the base material at 180 ℃ for 1h for later use;
s2-2, uniformly coating an active aid on the surface of the base material treated in the step S2-1, wherein the coating thickness of the active aid is 0.3 mm; the active assistant is silicon dioxide powder sold in the market;
s3 arc cladding forming
Arc cladding forming a high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 1mm on the base material obtained in the step S2-2 by using the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire obtained in the step S1 through a composite wire arc additive manufacturing process; the arc cladding forming is carried out in the argon atmosphere, the gas flow rate is 14L/min, the cladding voltage of arc cladding equipment is 23V, the cladding current is 165A, the arc length is 2.5mm, the wire feeding speed is 5.3m/min, and the cladding speed is 0.4 m/min.
Example 3: the high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 13.64% of W, 25.14% of Mo, 44.52% of Ta, 15.48% of Nb and 1.22% of Al; wherein, the raw materials of W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Al are all single-substance pure metal wires, the purity is 99.99 percent, and the diameter is 0.8 mm; the lengths of the W, Mo, Ta and Nb elementary substance pure metal wire materials are 500mm, and the length of the Al elementary substance pure metal wire material is 550 mm.
A preparation method of a high-entropy alloy coating resistant to high-temperature friction and wear comprises the following steps:
s1 stranding wires
Taking W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Al simple substance pure metal wires respectively, taking the Al simple substance pure metal wire as a central wire, taking the W, Mo, Ta and Nb simple substance pure metal wires as peripheral wires, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wires by using stranded wire equipment; wherein the yarn receiving speed in the equipment twisting process is 10m/min, and the twisting pitch is 15 mm; controlling the helix angle of the welding wire stranding equipment to be 40 degrees and the pulling force to be 7N; by controlling the helix angle and the pulling force of the stranded welding wire equipment, the internal stress of each simple substance pure metal wire in the gluing process can be removed, and the end part of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire is prevented from scattering in the welding process; then putting the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material into a water-cooled crucible of a vacuum smelting furnace, charging helium into the vacuum smelting furnace until the pressure in the furnace reaches 0.01MPa, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree in the furnace reaches 1 multiplied by 10-3MPa; then arc striking smelting is carried out for 3 times, and high-entropy alloy cast ingots are obtained after the alloy is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace; wherein the smelting current is 380A, and the smelting time is 30s each time; finally, the high-entropy alloy cast ingot is drawn into a high-entropy alloy wire with the diameter of 2mm by wire drawing equipment, and after the high-entropy alloy stranded wire is subjected to vacuum melting, the hardness and the wear resistance are obtainedFurther lifting;
s2 substrate treatment
S2-1, taking a nickel-based high-temperature alloy plate as a base material, polishing the surface of the base material to be smooth, removing an oil film on the surface of the base material, and then drying the base material at 250 ℃ for 1.5h for backup;
s2-2, uniformly coating an active aid on the surface of the base material treated in the step S2-1, wherein the coating thickness of the active aid is 0.4 mm; the active assistant is silicon dioxide powder sold in the market;
s3 arc cladding forming
Arc cladding forming the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material obtained in the step S1 into a high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 2mm on the base material obtained in the step S2-2 by utilizing a composite wire material arc additive manufacturing process; the arc cladding forming is carried out in the argon atmosphere, the gas flow rate is 16L/min, the cladding voltage of arc cladding equipment is 28V, the cladding current is 250A, the arc length is 3.5mm, the wire feeding speed is 6.5m/min, and the cladding speed is 0.6 m/min.
Example 4: the high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: w42.64%, Mo 13.96%, Ta 16.36%, Nb 26.36%, and Al 0.68%; wherein, the raw materials of W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Al are all single-substance pure metal wires, the purity is 99.99 percent, and the diameter is 0.8 mm; the lengths of the W, Mo, Ta and Nb elementary substance pure metal wire materials are 450mm, and the length of the Al elementary substance pure metal wire material is 500 mm.
A preparation method of a high-entropy alloy coating resistant to high-temperature friction and wear comprises the following steps:
s1 stranding wires
Taking W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Al simple substance pure metal wires respectively, taking the Al simple substance pure metal wire as a central wire, taking the W, Mo, Ta and Nb simple substance pure metal wires as peripheral wires, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wires by using stranded wire equipment; wherein the yarn receiving speed in the equipment twisting process is 5m/min, and the twisting pitch is 5 mm;
s2 substrate treatment
S2-1, taking a nickel-based high-temperature alloy plate as a base material, polishing the surface of the base material to be smooth, removing an oil film on the surface of the base material, and then drying the base material at 120 ℃ for 0.5h for backup; the base material is subjected to sand blasting under the pressure of 1.8MPa, the sand blasting angle is controlled to be 60 degrees, the sand blasting distance is controlled to be 120mm, the roughness of the surface of the base material can be improved by performing the sand blasting on the base material, and the bonding strength of the high-entropy alloy coating and the base material is further improved;
s2-2, uniformly coating an active aid on the surface of the base material treated in the step S2-1, wherein the coating thickness of the active aid is 0.2 mm; the active assistant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: SiO 2220 parts of MnO and 15 parts of TiO212 parts of a preparation method of the active assistant comprises the following steps: respectively weighing the SiO in parts by weight2、MnO、TiO2Placing the mixture into a glass container, adding 16 parts of dimethyl ketone, and uniformly stirring; by coating the active assistant in the proportion on the surface of the base material, the penetration of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material during welding with the base material is improved, and the bonding strength of the high-entropy alloy coating and the base material is further improved;
s3 arc cladding forming
Performing arc cladding on the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material obtained in the step S1 by utilizing a composite wire material arc additive manufacturing process on the base material obtained in the step S2-2 to form a high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 0.2 mm; the arc cladding forming is carried out in the argon atmosphere, the gas flow rate is 12L/min, the cladding voltage of arc cladding equipment is 14V, the cladding current is 90A, the arc length is 1.5mm, the wire feeding speed is 4.8m/min, and the cladding speed is 0.2 m/min.
Example 5: the high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 29.76% of W, 33.68% of Mo, 19.86% of Ta, 15.48% of Nb and 1.22% of Al; wherein, the raw materials of W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Al are all single-substance pure metal wires, the purity is 99.99 percent, and the diameter is 0.8 mm; the lengths of the W, Mo, Ta and Nb elementary substance pure metal wire materials are 500mm, and the length of the Al elementary substance pure metal wire material is 550 mm.
A preparation method of a high-entropy alloy coating resistant to high-temperature friction and wear comprises the following steps:
s1 stranding wires
Taking W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Al simple substance pure metal wires respectively, taking the Al simple substance pure metal wire as a central wire, taking the W, Mo, Ta and Nb simple substance pure metal wires as peripheral wires, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wires by using stranded wire equipment; wherein the yarn receiving speed in the equipment twisting process is 10m/min, and the twisting pitch is 15 mm;
s2 substrate treatment
S2-1, taking a nickel-based high-temperature alloy plate as a base material, polishing the surface of the base material to be smooth, removing an oil film on the surface of the base material, and then drying the base material at 250 ℃ for 1.5h for backup;
s2-2, uniformly coating an active aid on the surface of the base material treated in the step S2-1, wherein the coating thickness of the active aid is 0.4 mm; the active assistant adopts silicon dioxide powder sold in the market;
s3 arc cladding forming
Preheating the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material obtained in the step S1 at 280 ℃ for 1 hour, and improving the grain diameter of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material in the electric arc additive manufacturing process by preheating the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material, so that the combination effect of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material and the base material is improved; then, carrying out arc cladding on the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material on the base material obtained in the step S2-2 by utilizing a composite wire material arc additive manufacturing process to form a high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 1.5 mm; the arc cladding forming is carried out in an argon atmosphere, the gas flow rate is 16L/min, the cladding voltage of arc cladding equipment is 28V, the cladding current is 250A, the arc length is 3.5mm, the wire feeding speed is 6.5m/min, and the cladding speed is 0.6 m/min; and finally, heating and remelting treatment is carried out on the high-entropy alloy coating by using argon tungsten-arc welding equipment, the arc current of the argon tungsten-arc welding equipment is controlled to be 40A, the arc voltage is controlled to be 10V, and the remelting treatment is carried out on the high-entropy alloy coating, so that air holes and slag inclusion in the high-entropy alloy coating after arc cladding forming can be eliminated, and the compactness and the impact resistance of the high-entropy alloy coating are improved.
Example 6: the high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 21.58% of W, 18.42% of Mo, 44.52% of Ta, and 15.48% of Nb; wherein, the raw materials of W, Mo, Ta and Nb are all single-substance pure metal wires, the purity is 99.95 percent, and the diameter is 0.5 mm;
a preparation method of a high-entropy alloy coating resistant to high-temperature friction and wear comprises the following steps:
s1 stranding wires
Taking W, Mo, Ta and Nb single-substance pure metal wires respectively, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wires by using stranded wire welding equipment; wherein the yarn receiving speed in the equipment twisting process is 10m/min, and the twisting pitch is 15 mm; controlling the helix angle of the welding wire stranding equipment to be 55 degrees and the pulling force to be 8N; by controlling the helix angle and the pulling force of the stranded welding wire equipment, the internal stress of each simple substance pure metal wire in the gluing process can be removed, and the end part of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire is prevented from scattering in the welding process; then putting the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material into a water-cooled crucible of a vacuum smelting furnace, charging helium into the vacuum smelting furnace until the pressure in the furnace reaches 0.03MPa, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree in the furnace reaches 3 multiplied by 10-3MPa; then arc striking smelting is carried out for 5 times, and high-entropy alloy cast ingots are obtained after the alloy is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace; wherein the smelting current is 540A, and the smelting time is 80s each time; finally, drawing the high-entropy alloy cast ingot into a high-entropy alloy wire with the diameter of 5mm by using wire drawing equipment, wherein the hardness and the wear resistance of the high-entropy alloy stranded wire are further improved after vacuum melting;
s2 substrate treatment
S2-1, taking a nickel-based high-temperature alloy plate as a base material, polishing the surface of the base material to be smooth, removing an oil film on the surface of the base material, and then drying the base material at 250 ℃ for 1.5h for backup; the base material is subjected to sand blasting under the pressure of 1.8MPa, the sand blasting angle is controlled to be 60 degrees, the sand blasting distance is controlled to be 120mm, the roughness of the surface of the base material can be improved by performing the sand blasting on the base material, and the bonding strength of the high-entropy alloy coating and the base material is further improved;
s2-2, uniformly coating an active aid on the surface of the base material treated in the step S2-1, wherein the coating thickness of the active aid is 0.4 mm; the active assistant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: SiO 2245 portions, 30 portions of MnO and TiO219 parts of a preparation method of the active assistant comprises the following steps: respectively weighing the SiO in parts by weight2、MnO、TiO2Placing the mixture into a glass container, adding 25 parts of dimethyl ketone, and uniformly stirring; by coating the active assistant in the proportion on the surface of the base material, the penetration of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material during welding with the base material is improved, and the bonding strength of the high-entropy alloy coating and the base material is further improved;
s3 arc cladding forming
Preheating the high-entropy alloy wire material obtained in the step S1 at 450 ℃ for 3 hours, and improving the grain diameter of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material in the electric arc additive manufacturing process by preheating the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material, so that the combination effect of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material and the base material is improved; then, carrying out arc cladding on the preheated high-entropy alloy wire material on the base material obtained in the step S2-2 by utilizing a composite wire material arc additive manufacturing process to form a high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 2 mm; the arc cladding forming is carried out in an argon atmosphere, the gas flow rate is 16L/min, the cladding voltage of arc cladding equipment is 28V, the cladding current is 250A, the arc length is 3.5mm, the wire feeding speed is 6.5m/min, and the cladding speed is 0.6 m/min; and finally, heating and remelting treatment is carried out on the high-entropy alloy coating by using argon tungsten-arc welding equipment, the arc current of the argon tungsten-arc welding equipment is controlled to be 120A, the arc voltage is controlled to be 24V, and the remelting treatment is carried out on the high-entropy alloy coating, so that air holes and slag inclusion in the high-entropy alloy coating after arc cladding forming can be eliminated, and the compactness and the impact resistance of the high-entropy alloy coating are improved.
Example 7: the high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 24.06% of W, 18.24% of Mo, 30.12% of Ta, 26.36% of Nb and 1.22% of Al; wherein, the raw materials of W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Al are all single-substance pure metal wires, the purity is 99.99 percent, and the diameter is 0.8 mm; the lengths of the W, Mo, Ta and Nb elementary substance pure metal wire materials are 500mm, and the length of the Al elementary substance pure metal wire material is 550 mm.
A preparation method of a high-entropy alloy coating resistant to high-temperature friction and wear comprises the following steps:
s1 stranding wires
Taking W, Mo, Ta, Nb and Al simple substance pure metal wires respectively, taking the Al simple substance pure metal wire as a central wire, taking the W, Mo, Ta and Nb simple substance pure metal wires as peripheral wires, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wires by using stranded wire equipment; the wire collecting speed in the equipment twisting process is 10m/min, the twisting distance is 15mm, the helix angle of the welding wire twisting equipment is controlled to be 55 degrees, and the pulling force is 9N; by controlling the helix angle and the pulling force of the stranded welding wire equipment, the internal stress of each simple substance pure metal wire in the gluing process can be removed, and the end part of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire is prevented from scattering in the welding process; then putting the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material into a water-cooled crucible of a vacuum smelting furnace, charging helium into the vacuum smelting furnace until the pressure in the furnace reaches 0.03MPa, and vacuumizing until the vacuum degree in the furnace reaches 3 multiplied by 10-3MPa; then arc striking smelting is carried out for 5 times, and high-entropy alloy cast ingots are obtained after the alloy is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace; wherein the smelting current is 540A, and the smelting time is 80s each time; finally, drawing the high-entropy alloy cast ingot into a high-entropy alloy wire with the diameter of 5mm by using wire drawing equipment, wherein the hardness and the wear resistance of the high-entropy alloy stranded wire are further improved after vacuum melting;
s2 substrate treatment
S2-1, taking a nickel-based high-temperature alloy plate as a base material, polishing the surface of the base material to be smooth, removing an oil film on the surface of the base material, and then drying the base material at 250 ℃ for 1.5h for backup; the base material is subjected to sand blasting under the pressure of 1.8MPa, the sand blasting angle is controlled to be 60 degrees, the sand blasting distance is controlled to be 120mm, the roughness of the surface of the base material can be improved by performing the sand blasting on the base material, and the bonding strength of the high-entropy alloy coating and the base material is further improved;
s2-2, uniformly coating an active aid on the surface of the base material treated in the step S2-1, wherein the coating thickness of the active aid is 0.4 mm; the active assistant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: SiO 2233 parts, MnO 25 parts, TiO216 parts of active auxiliary agent, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively weighing the SiO in parts by weight2、MnO、TiO2Put into a glass container, then 19 parts of dimethyl ketone is added,stirring uniformly; by coating the active assistant in the proportion on the surface of the base material, the penetration of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material during welding with the base material is improved, and the bonding strength of the high-entropy alloy coating and the base material is further improved;
s3 arc cladding forming
Preheating the high-entropy alloy wire obtained in the step S1 at 380 ℃ for 2 hours, and improving the grain diameter of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire in the electric arc additive manufacturing process by preheating the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire, so that the combination effect of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire and the base material is improved; then, carrying out arc cladding on the preheated high-entropy alloy wire to form a high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 1.5mm on the base material obtained in the step S2-2 by utilizing a composite wire arc additive manufacturing process; wherein the arc cladding forming is carried out in the argon atmosphere, the gas flow rate is 14L/min, the cladding voltage of the arc cladding equipment is 23V, the cladding current is 165A, the arc length is 2.2mm, the wire feeding speed is 5.5m/min, and the cladding speed is 0.4 m/min; and finally, heating and remelting treatment is carried out on the high-entropy alloy coating by using argon tungsten-arc welding equipment, the arc current of the argon tungsten-arc welding equipment is controlled to be 90A, the arc voltage is controlled to be 16V, and the remelting treatment is carried out on the high-entropy alloy coating, so that air holes and slag inclusion in the high-entropy alloy coating after arc cladding forming can be eliminated, and the compactness and the impact resistance of the high-entropy alloy coating are improved.
Test example: the performance of the high-temperature frictional wear high-entropy alloy coatings prepared in the embodiments 1 to 7 of the invention is respectively detected, and the detection results are shown in table 1;
table 1, results of performance testing of high-temperature frictional wear high-entropy alloy coatings under different conditions;
as can be seen from the data in Table 1, in the example 2, compared with the example 1, the hardness and the bonding force of the high-temperature frictional wear high-entropy alloy coating are further improved due to the fact that the Al elemental pure metal wire is added into the coating raw material; compared with the embodiment 2, the embodiment 3 has the advantages that the hardness and the wear resistance are further improved due to the control of the parameters of the stranded welding wire equipment and the vacuum melting of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material; compared with the embodiment 2, the embodiment 4 has the advantages that the base material is subjected to sand blasting treatment, and the active additive is coated on the surface of the base material, so that the penetration of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material during welding with the base material is improved, and the bonding strength of the high-entropy alloy coating and the base material is further improved; compared with the embodiment 2, the embodiment 5 has the advantages that the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material is subjected to preheating treatment, so that the grain diameter of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material in an electric arc additive manufacturing process is improved, and the bonding effect of the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material and a base material is improved; meanwhile, the remelting treatment is carried out on the high-entropy alloy coating, so that air holes and slag inclusion in the high-entropy alloy coating after arc cladding forming can be eliminated, and the compactness and the shock resistance of the high-entropy alloy coating are improved; compared with the embodiments 2, 3, 4 and 5, the embodiment 6 has certain influence on the performance of the high-entropy alloy coating because the Al elemental pure metal wire is not added in the coating raw material; compared with the embodiments 1 to 6, the embodiment 7 integrates the optimized conditions, so that the prepared high-temperature frictional wear high-entropy alloy coating has more excellent performance.
Claims (10)
1. The high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 12.45 to 42.64 percent of W, 7.68 to 33.68 percent of Mo, 16.36 to 44.52 percent of Ta and 9.45 to 26.36 percent of Nb; wherein, the raw materials of W, Mo, Ta and Nb are all single-substance pure metal wire materials, the purity is more than or equal to 99.95 percent, the diameter is 0.5-1.0mm, and the length is 450-500 mm.
2. A preparation method of a high-entropy alloy coating resistant to high-temperature friction and wear is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 stranding wires
Taking W, Mo, Ta and Nb single-substance pure metal wires respectively, and preparing refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wires by using stranded wire welding equipment; wherein the yarn-receiving speed is 5-10m/min and the lay length is 5-15mm in the equipment twisting process;
s2 substrate treatment
S2-1, taking a nickel-based high-temperature alloy plate as a base material, polishing the surface of the base material smoothly, removing an oil film on the surface of the base material, and then drying the base material for 0.5-1.5h at the temperature of 120-250 ℃ for later use;
s2-2, uniformly coating an active aid on the surface of the base material treated in the step S2-1, wherein the coating thickness of the active aid is 0.2-0.4 mm;
s3 arc cladding forming
Performing arc cladding on the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire material obtained in the step S1 on the base material obtained in the step S2-2 by utilizing a composite wire material arc additive manufacturing process to form a high-temperature friction and wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating with the thickness of 0.2-2 mm; the arc cladding forming is carried out in the argon atmosphere, the gas flow rate is 12-16L/min, the cladding voltage of the arc cladding equipment is 14-28V, the cladding current is 90-250A, the arc length is 1.5-3.5mm, the wire feeding speed is 4.8-6.5m/min, and the cladding speed is 0.2-0.6 m/min.
3. The high-temperature-friction-wear-resistant high-entropy alloy coating as claimed in claim 1, wherein the coating raw materials further comprise 0.68-1.22 wt% of elemental pure Al metal wire, and the elemental pure Al metal wire has a purity of 99.95% or more, a diameter of 0.5-1.0mm, and a length of 500-550 mm.
4. The method for preparing the high-temperature frictional wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the step S1 is completed, the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire obtained in the step S1 is placed in a water-cooled crucible of a vacuum melting furnace, helium is charged into the vacuum melting furnace until the pressure in the furnace reaches 0.01-0.03MPa, and the vacuum degree in the furnace reaches 1 x 10-3-3×10-3MPa; then arc striking smelting is carried out for 3-5 times, and high-entropy alloy cast ingots are obtained after the alloy is cooled to room temperature along with the furnace; in which the melt is meltedSmelting current is 380-540A, and the smelting time is 30-80s each time; and finally, drawing the high-entropy alloy cast ingot into a high-entropy alloy wire with the diameter of 2-5mm by using wire drawing equipment.
5. The method for preparing the high-temperature frictional wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire is subjected to a preheating treatment at a temperature of 280-450 ℃ for 1-3 hours before the step S3 is performed.
6. The preparation method of the high-temperature-friction-wear-resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the lead angle of the twisted wire welding equipment is controlled to be 40-55 degrees, and the pulling force is controlled to be 7-9N.
7. The preparation method of the high-temperature-friction-wear-resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S2-2, the active assistant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: SiO 2220-45 parts of MnO, 15-30 parts of TiO212-19 parts of active auxiliary agent, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: respectively weighing the SiO in parts by weight2、MnO、TiO2And (3) placing the mixture into a glass container, adding 16-25 parts of dimethyl ketone, and uniformly stirring.
8. The preparation method of the high-temperature frictional wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the step S3 is completed, the high-entropy alloy coating is subjected to heating remelting treatment by using argon tungsten-arc welding equipment, and the arc current of the argon tungsten-arc welding equipment is controlled to be 40-120A, and the arc voltage is controlled to be 10-24V.
9. The preparation method of the high-temperature frictional wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the step S2-1 is completed, the base material is subjected to sand blasting under a pressure of 0.5-1.8MPa, the sand blasting angle is controlled to be 45-60 degrees, and the sand blasting distance is controlled to be 80-120 mm.
10. The method for preparing the high-temperature frictional wear resistant high-entropy alloy coating layer as claimed in claim 2, wherein after the step S3 is completed, the refractory high-entropy alloy stranded wire is subjected to preheating treatment at the temperature of 280-450 ℃ for 1-3 hours.
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