CN101519778B - Laser cladding method for strengthening surface of piercing point - Google Patents
Laser cladding method for strengthening surface of piercing point Download PDFInfo
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- CN101519778B CN101519778B CN2008100339212A CN200810033921A CN101519778B CN 101519778 B CN101519778 B CN 101519778B CN 2008100339212 A CN2008100339212 A CN 2008100339212A CN 200810033921 A CN200810033921 A CN 200810033921A CN 101519778 B CN101519778 B CN 101519778B
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Abstract
A laser cladding method for strengthening the surface of a piercing point includes the following steps of: (1) prefabricating WC/Co-base cladding powder; (2) pre-processing the surface of a piercing point workpiece, and cleaning up stain and rust; preheating for 2 to 5 hours at a temperature between 400 DEG C and 600 DEG C; (3) cladding the prefabricated composite powder fed in the way of reverse synchronization or coaxially in multiple steps by a CO2 laser; simultaneously, carrying out synchronous inert gas protection on the laser-cladding area; and (4) subsequent processing. The laser cladding method adopts laser to prepare a WC ceramic particle-strengthened Co-base composite coating on the surface of the piercing point, and the coating is metallically combined with the matrix, so the bing method adopts laser to prepare a WC ceramic particle-strengthened Co-base composite coating on the surface of the piercing point, and the coating is metallically combined with the matrix, so the binding force between the coating and the matrix is enhanced; the maximum thickness of the coating can reach a few millimeters; and as the surfaces of WC particles are coated with Ni, the absorption of laser energy by the WC can be reduced, so that the burnout rate of the WC can be reduced in a laser melting pool. The distribution of the WC particles is uniform in the coating, the rigidity of the colaser energy by the WC can be reduced, so that the burnout rate of the WC can be reduced in a laser melting pool.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the material surface strengthening technical field, particularly a kind of laser cladding method of strengthening surface of piercing point.
Background technology
Perforating head is the key tool of producing stainless steel, high temperature steel, bearing steel and other special alloy steel pipe, and the height in its work-ing life all has a direct impact output, quality, the production cost of product.During top work, temperature and is being born the compound stresses such as thermal stresses of huge axle pressure, radial pressure, spin friction power, suddenly cold and hot about 1000 ℃, and the nose inefficacies such as chamber, distortion, steel bonding and cracking of collapsing easily take place in the use.Therefore, require it to have good wear resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance and anti-chilling and shock heating, to satisfy abominable production working conditions.
At present, the relevant in the world method that improves the top use properties has formed multinomial patent around following direction:
1. select different perforating heading materials for use.The nickel-base alloy that United States Patent (USP) 2007020137 discloses a kind of Cr of containing, WC prepares perforating head, because the top is a matrix with Ni, and better performances, but cost an arm and a leg.At present, the material of domestic preparation top is generally selected steel alloy for use, and it is alloy material that Chinese patent 1112165 adopts Fe base Cr-Ni-Mo, improves the top use properties by improving matrix alloy content.Chinese patent publication number 1243170 discloses a kind of method that 5% rare earth element improves the perforating head performance of adding in ferrous alloy, rare earth can purify crystal boundary, reduces S, P content.But,, in the bad working environment of top, still remain work-ing life further to be improved because above patent still adopts the Fe body material.
2. adopt various coat preparing technologies.Chinese patent publication number 1459514 adopts surface atom bundle deposition, the multiple PVD technology such as electron beam evaporation, magnetron sputtering that comprise are at top surface deposition antiwear heat resisting MCrAlR film, Chinese patent publication number 1990905 discloses a kind of being infused in by energetic ion and has prepared WC gradient layer technology in the steel matrix, and matrix surface can form WC alloy gradient layer.The film compactness that above technology forms is better, has certain intensity and antioxidant property.Need carry out in a vacuum but make, expense is higher, and with the high base strength deficiency, particularly the coating net thickness belongs to micron order, be difficult to bear the long working hour of top, detrimental impurity can go deep into coating inside and makes it to take place corrosion and damage in the use, or promptly occurs in early days partially tearing using.
In sum, existing perforating head modification technology, still be difficult to satisfy the actual needs that use aspect preparation cost and the use properties, be badly in need of a kind of surface abrasion resistance and heat resistanceheat resistant performance in the production far above ferrous alloy, effectively working lining and matrix bond are firm, has certain size thickness, lower-cost perforating head preparation method.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiency that prior art exists, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser cladding method of strengthening surface of piercing point, use high power CO
2Quick cladding preparation has certain thickness WC particle disperse enhancing Co base composite coating to laser apparatus on the perforating head surface.Coating and matrix form firm metallurgical binding, have high temperature oxidation resisting, high rigidity, wear-resistant and heat crack resistance, can significantly improve the work-ing life of top, and it is low to have a preparation cost, can be used for scrapping advantages such as the local reparation in top.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is,
A kind of laser cladding method of strengthening surface of piercing point, it comprises the steps:
1) prefabricated WC/Co base cladding powder, body material is the Co base alloy powder, and ceramic enhancement phase is WC, and the composite powder mass percent is: Co base matrix material 75-90%, WC wild phase 10-25%;
2) the top workpiece is sent into CO
2Surface preparation before the laser apparatus is removed contamination, iron rust, obtains clean Surface; To the top preheating, 400～600 ℃ of preheating temperatures, preheating 2～5 hours is to reduce the thermograde between base material and the cladding coating;
3) CO
2Laser apparatus adopts reverse synchronous mode or coaxial-type automatic powder feeding system, and the multi-pass cladding is the ready-formed composite powder; And simultaneously synchronous protection of inert gas is carried out in the Laser Cladding Treatment zone;
4) subsequent disposal.
Further, described ceramic enhancement phase WC handles through coating, and it is coating material that described coating is treated to nickel, coats back WC alloying pellet composition quality per-cent to be: 60-90%WC, 10-40% coating material.
Step (2) is brushing zinc phosphide coating on the working face of top, carries out the working face melanism and handle, to strengthen the rust-proofing resistance to corrosion of top working face.
Step (3) described laser cladding technological parameter: laser power 1-5kW, laser scanning speed 100-500mm/min, laser spot diameter 2-6mm, laser multi-pass overlapping rate 20-60%; Described inert protective gas is argon gas or nitrogen; Laser melting coating can obtain the Co-based alloy coating of controllable thickness.
The getable Co-based alloy coating thickness of step (3) laser melting coating is 0.5～3mm.
The described subsequent disposal of step (4) is that the perforating head surface is through laser multi-pass cladding cobalt-based coating postcooling, in heat treatment furnace, sample is carried out stress relief annealing, eliminate the thermal stresses of laser cladding coating, 400～600 ℃ of annealing temperatures, 8～12 hours time, the cladding layer surface, back of coming out of the stove is through polishing, polishing.
The present invention has the following advantages and effect:
1. use high-power CO
2Gas laser strengthens the Co base composite coating at perforating head surface preparation WC ceramic particle, coating and matrix are metallurgical binding, improved the bonding force of coating and matrix, solved the caducous problem of coating, and coat-thickness is controlled, maximum can reach several millimeters, helps the performance of structure coating performance.
2.WC particle surface coats Ni, can reduce the absorption of WC to laser energy on the one hand, reduces its burn out rate at laser molten pool; On the other hand, the hot rerum natura of material of surface coated Ni and coating Co base matrix is quite similar, wettability is better, help forming metallurgical binding between WC particle and the cobalt base alloy matrix, improve WC particle distributing homogeneity in coating, give the hardness and the wear resisting property that are coated with floor height.
3. laser melting coating WC particle enhancing Co base alloy coat is compared with the coating of other technology preparation, have better wear resisting property and high temperature oxidation resistance, and laser cladding coating has tiny grain structure, can further improve the hardness of coating, improve the use properties of top, increase the service life.
4. the present invention comes directly towards working face hardness and can reach more than the 55HRC, can be used for perforating head surface high-performance and strengthens, and also can be used for scrapping the partial reparation in top, has saved production cost, can produce better economic and social benefit to metallurgy industry.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that WC particle of the present invention is at laser melting coating Co50 composite alloy coat distribution schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is WC particle of the present invention and coated substrate formation metallurgical binding synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The strengthening surface of piercing point laser cladding method, technology comprises the steps:
(1) sample pretreatment: remove top working face, melanism processing, then this is come directly towards 500 ℃ of preheatings 3.5 hours; (2) the cladding powder is prefabricated: by mass ratio matrix Co50 and two kinds of powder of Ni bag WC ceramic enhancement phase are prepared the mixed powder that contains 15wt.%WC, fully grind the back oven dry at grinding ware back warp; (3) laser melting and coating process: the power of laser apparatus is adjusted into 2.4kW, laser scanning speed is 220mm/min, laser spot diameter is 5mm, laser scanning passage overlapping rate is 40%, adopts the cladding of reverse synchronous mode automatic powder feeding system on this top working face in prefabricated composite alloy powder under laser action simultaneously; (4) subsequent disposal: place heat treatment furnace to carry out 500 ℃ of stress relief annealings 10 hours the perforating head behind the laser melting coating, come out of the stove subsequently, can use after the surface finish.
Embodiment 2
The strengthening surface of piercing point laser cladding method, technology comprises the steps:
(1) sample pretreatment: remove top working face, melanism processing, then this is come directly towards 400 ℃ of preheatings 5 hours; (2) the cladding powder is prefabricated: by mass ratio matrix Co50 and two kinds of powder of Ni bag WC ceramic enhancement phase are prepared the mixed powder that contains 10wt.%WC, fully grind the back oven dry at grinding ware back warp; (3) laser melting and coating process: the power of laser apparatus is adjusted into 1.8kW, laser scanning speed is 300mm/min, laser spot diameter is 5mm, laser scanning passage overlapping rate is 50%, adopts the cladding of reverse synchronous mode automatic powder feeding system on this top working face in prefabricated composite alloy powder under laser action simultaneously; (4) subsequent disposal: place heat treatment furnace to carry out 400 ℃ of stress relief annealings 12 hours the perforating head behind the laser melting coating, come out of the stove subsequently, can use after the surface finish.
Embodiment 3
The strengthening surface of piercing point laser cladding method, technology comprises the steps:
(1) sample pretreatment: remove top working face, melanism processing, then this is come directly towards 600 ℃ of preheatings 3 hours; (2) the cladding powder is prefabricated: by mass ratio matrix Co50 and two kinds of powder of Ni bag WC ceramic enhancement phase are prepared the mixed powder that contains 20wt.%WC, fully grind the back oven dry at grinding ware back warp; (3) laser melting and coating process: the power of laser apparatus is adjusted into 3.0kW, laser scanning speed is 150mm/min, laser spot diameter is 4mm, laser scanning passage overlapping rate is 30%, adopts the cladding of reverse synchronous mode automatic powder feeding system on this top working face in prefabricated composite alloy powder under laser action simultaneously; (4) subsequent disposal: place heat treatment furnace to carry out 600 ℃ of stress relief annealings 8 hours the perforating head behind the laser melting coating, come out of the stove subsequently, can use after the surface finish.
As can be seen from Figure 1, WC particle of the present invention in laser melting coating Co50 composite alloy coat not only content than higher but also distribute very evenly; And Fig. 2 demonstrates because of the WC particle surface has and produces metallurgical junction between a spot of little molten and matrix and merge and produce secondary crystal WC, can effectively improve the wear resisting property and the heat crack resistance of coating itself.
In sum, the present invention adopts laser to strengthen the Co base composite coating at perforating head surface preparation WC ceramic particle, and coating and matrix are metallurgical binding, have improved the bonding force of coating and matrix; The coat-thickness maximum can reach several millimeters, helps the performance of structure coating performance; The WC particle surface coats Ni, can reduce the absorption of WC to laser energy, reduces its burn out rate at laser molten pool.WC particle is evenly distributed in coating, has high coating hardness, improves the use properties of top, increases the service life.
Claims (4)
1. the laser cladding method of a strengthening surface of piercing point, it comprises the steps:
1) prefabricated WC/Co base cladding powder, body material is the Co base alloy powder, and ceramic enhancement phase is WC, and the composite powder mass percent is: Co base matrix material 75-90%, WC wild phase 10-25%;
2) the top workpiece is sent into CO
2Surface preparation before the laser apparatus is removed contamination, iron rust, to top preheating, 400～600 ℃ of preheating temperatures, preheating 2～5 hours;
3) CO
2Laser apparatus adopts reverse synchronous mode or coaxial-type automatic powder feeding system, and the multi-pass cladding is the ready-formed composite powder; And simultaneously synchronous protection of inert gas is carried out in the Laser Cladding Treatment zone; Wherein, laser cladding technological parameter: laser power 1-5kW, laser scanning speed 100-500mm/min, laser spot diameter 2-6mm, laser multi-pass overlapping rate 20-60%; Described inert protective gas is argon gas or nitrogen; Laser melting coating can obtain the Co-based alloy coating of controllable thickness;
4) subsequent disposal, stress relief annealing carried out to sample through laser multi-pass cladding cobalt-based coating postcooling in the perforating head surface in heat treatment furnace, 400～600 ℃ of annealing temperatures, 8～12 hours time, the cladding layer surface, back of coming out of the stove is through polishing, polishing.
2. the laser cladding method of strengthening surface of piercing point as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described ceramic enhancement phase WC handles through coating, it is coating material that described coating is treated to nickel, coating back WC alloying pellet composition quality per-cent is: 60-90%WC, 10-40% coating material.
3. the laser cladding method of strengthening surface of piercing point as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, step (2) is brushing zinc phosphide coating on the working face of top.
4. the laser cladding method of strengthening surface of piercing point as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the getable Co-based alloy coating thickness of step (3) laser melting coating is 0.5～3mm.
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