CN104451665A - Cr12MoC steel laser-cladded nickel-based single-channel coating - Google Patents
Cr12MoC steel laser-cladded nickel-based single-channel coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN104451665A CN104451665A CN201410761886.1A CN201410761886A CN104451665A CN 104451665 A CN104451665 A CN 104451665A CN 201410761886 A CN201410761886 A CN 201410761886A CN 104451665 A CN104451665 A CN 104451665A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a Cr12MoC steel laser-cladded nickel-based single-channel coating. A base material adopts die steel Cr12MoV; a cladding material adopts Ni60AA alloy powder of which the particle size is -140 to +325 meshes; the base material is degreased and derusted before being subjected to laser cladding and is also textured by a grinding machine in order to increase powder adhesiveness; the alloy powder is pre-arranged and coated on the surface of the Cr12MoC steel after being dried; subsequent laser cladding is performed, wherein the laser power is 2.5kW to 4.0kW; the scanning speed is 80mm/min to 110mm/min; the thickness of the powder is 0.5mm; the spot size is 20mmX2mm. The Cr12MoC steel laser-cladded nickel-based single-channel coating disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects of reducing the porosity and cracking rate caused by a laser cladding technology and effectively solving the problems of uneven structure properties and uncertain system of the cladding material in comparison with the prior art.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Cr
12moV steel laser fusion covered nickel base single track coating.
Background technology
CR12MOV die steel is high-carbon height molybdenum Ledeburitic steel, its very high hardening capacity makes it also can through hardening completely at below material surface 400mm, even if work under 300 ~ 400 DEG C of hot environments still can possess good hardness and wear resistance, but plasticity is poorer than Cr12, larger for the manufacture of cross section, complex-shaped or press tool that bearing capacity is heavier, cutting die, annular saw, gauge and other instruments.Cold-work die steel under arms time, the different sites load character on its surface is also different, successively or two or more failure mode may be there is simultaneously, and lost efficacy and be mostly from surface, such as friction wear, the fatigue that colds and heat succeed each other, viscous deformation and cracking, along with the increase of access times, progressively expand even inner towards periphery, finally cause rupturing or large size distortion.The nature difference of material surface medium and material body is more and more obvious, accelerate the speed of inefficacy, original design of material principle can not adapt to the demand for development of new material in other words, and this just requires to carry out special processing treatment to material surface, to meet its service requirements.Develop by based on Surface Science, object is that protective material is surperficial, improve the laser melting and coating technique of surface property functionally 5 points: (1) is energy-conservation subtracts material, and efficient reduction is worn and torn or corrosion loss; (2) functional materials, new component is prepared; (3) product surface protection, the effective measure of repairing, strengthening; (4) to optimize the environment and beautify life; (5) Green Remanufacture Project turns waste into wealth, and avoids secondary pollution.
Laser melting and coating technique is the laser beam irradiation being placed on substrate surface by the mode of preset cladding material or synchronous feeding, and the high-temperature fusant rapid solidification comprising the cladding material instant melting of the meagre layer of metal of matrix surface is formed and the diverse metallurgical binding coating of body material structure property.As far back as the eighties in 20th century, China has started the research of laser melting and coating technique, before 1985, the development of domestic and international melting and coating technique is comparatively slow, during 1985 to 1992, domestic and international researcher mainly concentrates the aspects such as the machine-processed and laser melting coating application of optimizations of Study of Laser melting and coating process, the heterogeneous microstructure of cladding material system feature, laser cladding layer and performance analysis, defects in cladding layer; Laser melting coating basic theory and model has mainly been concentrated on since 1993, special cladding material development, formation and the elimination mechanism of the defects such as laser cladding process crackle, the crucial element Detection & Controling of laser melting and coating process, laser melting coating high-level efficiency synchronous powder feeder and nozzle, novel cladding layer development, the research in the fields such as the combination of rapid shaping theory and laser melting and coating technique.
Up to the present, laser melting coating had obtained a lot of achievements in research already in many aspects.Laser melting coating is except the feature of low dilution rate, high-performance, less energy-consumption, because the characteristic of 104-106 W/cm2 high energy density laser bundle rapid solidification, cladding material is not by the restriction of general metallurgical thermodynamics, and cladding material scope used is quite extensive.
Cladding material system extends to other alloy-based powdered materials such as copper base of today, titanium base, magnesium base by self-fluxing alloyed powders such as initial iron-based, Ni-based, cobalt-baseds, the carbide of high-melting-point high rigidity, boride, oxide compound, pottery, biological coating material and the composite powders such as hydroxyl phosphatic rock, CP coating.Materials behavior is just not Powdered, also has silk ribbon shape, lath-shaped, pole shape and ointment shape etc.Utilize laser melting and coating process at substrate material surface cladding ceramic composite, the high plasticity, high tenacity of mother metal increases excellent wear-resisting, resistance toheat, can be used for aviation, die industry, thus greatly improves the work-ing life of product.Wear-resisting, the high temperature resistant and corrosion resisting property of ceramic powder excellence has played huge effect preparing on high temperature wearable anti-corrosion coating and thermal barrier coating, but due to the thermophysical property difference of ceramic powder and matrix metal cause cladding layer to ftracture, be out of shape, the defect such as come off.The influence factor of laser melting and coating process has the addition manner of laser power, laser scanning speed, spot size, coated material, the protective devices of coated material, overlapping rate and front and back thermal treatment etc.; research shows; these processing parameters, by directly determining the macro morphology of laser cladding layer, microstructure and mechanical property, also have certain influence to the preparation of other functional coatings such as biological chemistry, electricity.In addition, in cladding layer capability, hardness, bonding strength, wear resisting property, corrosion resisting property etc. are comprised.The content etc. of distribution, kind, characteristic and additive that cladding layer is respectively organized all determines the wear resisting property of cladding layer, can apparently higher than the wear resistance of the cladding layer be made up of wolfram varbide monocrystalline of same content by the wear-resisting of casting WC and the cladding layer that forms of sintering state WC particle, but the too high wear resistance that will reduce cladding layer of tungsten carbide content.
No matter laser melting and coating technique is in recent years in the expansion of perfect, the cladding material system of cladding basic theory, or melting and coating process control, the combination of CAD/CAM technology, the preparation aspect of various cladding layer, all achieve certain achievement, and have also been obtained certain applying in some industrial application.But technique is still in development the stage due to a variety of causes, ripe not enough, some key issues need to solve.
(1) pore in pore problem cladding layer also exists great hazardness to quality of cladding layer and use.It is the middle and lower part being distributed in cladding layer spherical in shape mainly, these pores very easily bring out tiny crack, as too much, also will become germinating source and the expansion channel of crackle, pore existence also destroys electropotential balance in addition, directly reduces the wear-resistant corrosion resistance nature of cladding layer.Pore in laser cladding layer, mainly because metal gas, powder steam that in laser melting process, under high-energy irradiation vaporization or high temperature, carbon and oxygen vigorous reaction produce, has little time effusion and formation in the rapid solidification situation of molten bath.Such as
be that the pore of alloy is mainly because WC α-WC β-WC phase in version occurs, then at 1300 DEG C of Dissolution and dissociations at about 2000 DEG C high temperature.Simultaneously when adopting preset mode to add cladding powdered alloy, if binding agent selection is improper, pore may be produced in melting process equally.
In the ordinary course of things, the processing condition of cladding layer pore to avoid completely, but controlled as far as possible by some measures or method, and method conventional at present has: powdered alloy storing initial vacuum drying also seals, anti-oxidation; Carry out cleaning pretreatment to matrix surface before laser melting coating, powder ensures drying regime, at utmost reduces the degree of oxidation of matrix and powder; During cladding layer design, powder thickness is as far as possible thin, is beneficial to the gas that effusion in time produces; If conditions permit, suitably increase laser power, carry out substrate preheating, the time lengthening in molten bath before reducing sweep velocity or cladding, also can increase the escape of gas time.
(2) crack problem
Cladding layer problem of Cracking is the problem that domestic and international researcher extremely pays close attention to always, and it directly affects mechanical property and the use properties of material, even material lifetime.In laser cladding process, the interface that the thermograde of the cladding layer material of high energy laser beam cladding material transient melting and the metal of substrate surface and fast cooling is larger, the volume change of cladding layer and matrix is inconsistent, even if it is also different that the inner different positions of identical material cools because of being heated the thermograde caused, add the thermal expansivity of bi-material, the thermal stresses that the hot physical property difference such as Young's modulus produces, in addition, laser beam rapid scanning high temperature melting region is subject to around can not the tensile stress that causes of free shrink compared with the stress of the constraint of cryogenic material and the cladding region that cools down rapidly, cladding terminates rear material internal considerable part unrelieved stress and left behind, thermal stresses, restraint stress, structural stress, the effect of unrelieved stress many-side, finally cause the generation of crackle.
The crack form that positions different in laser cladding layer produces, distribution are also different, can be divided three classes, i.e. re-melt deposit welding, Interface Crack, overlap crackle.Choosing with laser technology of the defect of the generation and cladding layer and base material of these three kinds of crackles self, cladding material is relevant.
Therefore, the generation or the expansion that control crackle can be started with from optimization melting and coating process, appropriate design cladding material aspect.In order to reduce the probability of crack initiation, laser melting coating power density, heat input or heat input are strictly controlled; Prepare the gradual change of hard phase content and flawless gradient cladding layer; Entirety or substrate preheating is carried out, cladding subsequent heat treatment before cladding, or laser remolten process, these process meanses all can prevent the generation of cladding crackle to a certain extent.As for cladding material, can add appropriate low melting point alloy element to reduce coat inside stress concentration degree, also can add appropriate rare earth increases coating toughness etc. [7].
(3) structure property problem of non-uniform
Ununiformity, the ununiformity of the heat inflow degree of depth, the inconsistent and micro-area composition ununiformity of cladding material fusing point distribution of Laser beam energy distribution in laser cladding process, cause organizing the uneven forming core of crystal grain, thus cause microstructure of surface cladding layer uneven, and then cause different positions unstable properties.Due to uneven microstructure, unstable properties very easily cause same load under different positions stress-strain inconsistent, component occur crackle or weaken crystal boundary, finally cause early failure.
Interaction between the viscosity of alloy, surface tension, heat transfer coefficient and alloying element is on the impact of molten bath convection current, the segregation of composition certainly will be affected, add the abnormal component segregation solidifying uneven thermodiffusion and cause of laser melting coating in addition, technique unstable and circulation ratio is there is in these problems in laser processing, result also has certain difference, therefore, be necessary to formulate reasonable process standard and evaluating.Such as adjusting laser power, sweep velocity or improving beam mode to change molten bath bulk convection is that the convection current of many microcells reaches resistance cladding layer component segregation degree, obtains uniform as far as possible cladding tissue, meets cladding layer design performance.
(4) cladding material system problem
Since laser melting and coating technique is born, cladding material system develops into the matrix material of rare earth element, broad variety integration gradually by original single alloy powder, also there is the problem of restriction melting and coating technique application while diversification: the proprietary material system lacking seriation, lack corresponding cladding material judgement criteria and application standard and cladding layer and basal body interface problem.The cladding material major part that current laser melting coating adopts is still thermal spraying material.Research shows, hot spray powder is applied to laser melting coating and there is a lot of drawback.Because the solidification temperature range of the composition of thermal spraying material is wide, not easily form hole, except convection current in laser melting coating, B and the Si constituent content of thermal spraying material is higher, but the time in molten bath is short, obtains the borosilicate of low melting point except playing deoxidation fluxing effect as reductor reduction, also can admittedly be sunken at the bottom of molten bath, remain in cladding layer and form liquid film, increase crack initiation probability or aggravation cladding layer cracking, or form inclusion.For this reason, people take following approach to improve this present situation usually: adjust interchangeable heat dusty spray chemical composition under ensureing use properties prerequisite, such as reduce the constituent contents such as B, Si, C in right amount, add several alloying element and increase toughness phase.Although the processing performance of coating is improved to a certain extent, the feature of the fast hot rapid cooling of laser makes these problems fundamentally not solve.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly for above-mentioned defect of the prior art, provides Cr
12moV steel laser fusion covered nickel base single track coating.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme provided by the invention is: Cr
12moV steel laser fusion covered nickel base single track coating, body material adopts die steel Cr12MoV, cladding material adopts Ni60AA powdered alloy, powder size is-140 ~+325 orders, body material carries out deoiling processing of rust removing before laser melting coating, and carry out texturing to increase powder tack with sharpening machine, after powdered alloy drying preset be coated in Cr12MoV steel surface, then Laser Cladding Treatment is carried out, laser power is 2.5-4.0kW, sweep velocity is 80-110mm/min, and powder thickness is 0.5mm, and spot size is 20mm × 2mm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: Cr provided by the invention
12moV steel laser fusion covered nickel base single track coating, compared to traditional technology, reduces the void content in laser melting and coating technique, cracking breakout, efficiently solves the uneven and uncertain problem of cladding material system of structure property.
Embodiment
embodiment 1:
Cr
12moV steel laser fusion covered nickel base single track coating, body material adopts die steel Cr12MoV, cladding material adopts Ni60AA powdered alloy, powder size is-140 ~+325 orders, body material carries out deoiling processing of rust removing before laser melting coating, and carry out texturing to increase powder tack with sharpening machine, after powdered alloy drying preset be coated in Cr12MoV steel surface, then Laser Cladding Treatment is carried out, laser power is 2.5-4.0kW, sweep velocity is 80-110mm/min, and powder thickness is 0.5mm, and spot size is 20mm × 2mm.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1.Cr
12moV steel laser fusion covered nickel base single track coating, it is characterized in that, body material adopts die steel Cr12MoV, cladding material adopts Ni60AA powdered alloy, powder size is-140 ~+325 orders, body material carries out deoiling processing of rust removing before laser melting coating, and carry out texturing to increase powder tack with sharpening machine, after powdered alloy drying preset be coated in Cr12MoV steel surface, then carry out Laser Cladding Treatment, laser power is 2.5-4.0kW, and sweep velocity is 80-110mm/min, powder thickness is 0.5mm, and spot size is 20mm × 2mm.
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| CN201410761886.1A CN104451665A (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | Cr12MoC steel laser-cladded nickel-based single-channel coating |
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| CN201410761886.1A CN104451665A (en) | 2014-12-12 | 2014-12-12 | Cr12MoC steel laser-cladded nickel-based single-channel coating |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108441859A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-08-24 | 北京工业大学 | Enhance wear-resisting laser cladding coating of Ni bases and preparation method thereof using Nb elements |
| CN114737101A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-12 | 东北电力大学 | Method for laser cladding of high-entropy alloy powder coating on surface of Cr12MoV cold-work die steel |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05306475A (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-11-19 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Laser beam cladding method of carbon steel and the uke |
| CN101122018A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2008-02-13 | 山东大学 | Special-purpose iron-base powder for laser fast forming |
| CN103056355A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-04-24 | 大连海事大学 | Manufacturing and application methods for laser cladding powder of iron-base alloy |
-
2014
- 2014-12-12 CN CN201410761886.1A patent/CN104451665A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH05306475A (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-11-19 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Laser beam cladding method of carbon steel and the uke |
| CN101122018A (en) * | 2007-09-29 | 2008-02-13 | 山东大学 | Special-purpose iron-base powder for laser fast forming |
| CN103056355A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2013-04-24 | 大连海事大学 | Manufacturing and application methods for laser cladding powder of iron-base alloy |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 谢朝平: ""汽车覆盖件冲压模失效机理及熔覆再制造技术研究"", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技I辑（月刊）》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108441859A (en) * | 2018-06-15 | 2018-08-24 | 北京工业大学 | Enhance wear-resisting laser cladding coating of Ni bases and preparation method thereof using Nb elements |
| CN114737101A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-12 | 东北电力大学 | Method for laser cladding of high-entropy alloy powder coating on surface of Cr12MoV cold-work die steel |
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Application publication date: 20150325 |
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