CN110344056A - The technique for preparing cladding layer in copper matrix surface using high-rate laser melting and coating technique - Google Patents
The technique for preparing cladding layer in copper matrix surface using high-rate laser melting and coating technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN110344056A CN110344056A CN201910762858.4A CN201910762858A CN110344056A CN 110344056 A CN110344056 A CN 110344056A CN 201910762858 A CN201910762858 A CN 201910762858A CN 110344056 A CN110344056 A CN 110344056A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of techniques for preparing cladding layer in copper matrix surface using high-rate laser melting and coating technique, cladding alloy material is sent into copper matrix surface using laser coaxial powder feeding device, layer-by-layer high-rate laser cladding is carried out using optical fiber laser or fiber coupled laser diode simultaneously, wherein technological parameter of the laser in cladding operating process are as follows: focus lamp focal length is 250~300mm, cladding power is 2000~8000W, spot diameter is 0.3~1.2mm, cladding sweep speed is 100~400mm/s, overlapping rate 65%.The cladding layer preparation process of acquisition, by utilizing the laser with high scan rate, cooperate specific cladding alloy powder, determine the technological parameter of high-speed laser, under the premise of being not required to subsequent other processing, dense structure, flawless, pore-free, the extremely low cladding layer of dilution rate can be formed in copper matrix surface, and good metallurgical bonding can be formed with copper matrix surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to laser melting and coating technique fields more particularly to a kind of utilization high-rate laser melting and coating technique in copper matrix
The technique that surface prepares cladding layer.
Background technique
Laser melting coating, which refers to, is placing cladding layer material by different adding material modes by cladding matrix surface, through laser irradiation
Be allowed to and matrix surface a thin layer while melting, and form that dilution is low after quickly solidifying and matrix at metallurgical bonding surface
Cladding layer reaches table to significantly improve wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat-resisting, anti-oxidant and electrical characteristic the process of substrate surface
Purpose face modification or repaired, had not only met the requirement to material surface particular characteristic, but also can save a large amount of noble elements.
Currently, the laser for having had scholar to carry out copper plate of crystallizer using carbon dioxide laser or YAG laser is multiple
Close cladding.The cladding layer and matrix dilution rate that wherein carbon dioxide laser melting and coating technique obtains are higher, and heat affected area is very big, causes
Cladding layer physical characteristic reduces, and matrix temperature distortion rate is very high, there is miniature sand holes and stomata；YAG laser melting and coating technique obtains
Although cladding layer is lower than the cladding layer of carbon dioxide laser with matrix dilution rate, low efficiency.
It is as follows that case study existing for laser melting and coating process is carried out to carbon dioxide laser and YAG laser:
Dilution rate: laser cladding layer dilution rate is excessively high, and generally more than 10% or more, therefore cause cladding material characteristic performance
It is decreased obviously；
Heat affected area: laser melting coating linear velocity heat affected area is larger, to be generally more than 0.5mm, the biggish heat affecting of scale
" soft band " phenomenon highly significant that area is presented, therefore limit applied field of the laser melting and coating technique under complex stress environmental condition
It closes；
Overlap tempering: laser melting coating overlapping regions causes material property poor because of tempering phenomenon, causes cladding layer table
Face performance it is uneven；
Surface smoothness and machining allowance: laser cladding layer surface roughness is higher, and laser processing surplus is larger, and grinding adds
The larger workload of work, it is costly；
In short, in the technology of crystallizer copper plate surface progress cladding, there is also many problems at present, cannot meet well
Industrial production demand.
High-rate laser melting and coating technique is to overcome traditional melting and coating technique to deposit using unconventional, superfast laser scan rate
The problem of.Current developing stage reaches sweep speed with becoming smaller for hot spot and significantly improving for beam quality
100m/min or more, laser melting coating efficiency >=1.3m2/ h, working efficiency significantly improve, product surface roughness Ra≤10 μm, shape
At high efficiency, low cost, the laser melting coating complex art to show unique characteristics.
100~250 times faster than conventional laser cladding of high-rate laser cladding speed, laser reaches most the heat affecting of matrix
Small and conventional method is because heat is defeated excessively high, it can be achieved that prepared by the cladding layer of heat-sensitive material part, can not on heat-sensitive material
It realizes；In addition this new process can also be used in completely new combination of materials, such as the preparation of non-ferrous metal or ferrous metal cladding layer.
The cladding layer metallurgical quality of completion is high, dilution rate is lower, deformation is small, surface smoothness is high, belongs to remanufacturing for advanced environmental protection and adds
Work technology, the subsequent machining cost of enterprise can be greatly reduced by remanufacturing field in industry, can effectively be extended product and be used week
Phase saves a large amount of later period maintenance expenses for enterprise.
But carrying out high-rate laser melting and coating technique in copper alloy surface has following difficult point: 1. the heating conduction of copper alloy is good
Well, specific heat capacity is small, soaking performance, there is hard oxidation film on poor, surface, larger to the reflectivity of hot spot, this allows for laser generation
Heat be not easy to stop on its surface, be not easy to form higher power density, molten bath cannot be formed；2. copper alloy matrix and cladding
Performance difference between the material system of layer is very big, and Problem of Failure is more serious in cladding process；3. toughness is insufficient in cladding layer, deposit
The hot tearing and stress the defects of.
Summary of the invention
To solve the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of using high-rate laser melting and coating technique in copper base
Body surface wheat flour is for the technique of cladding layer, and the microstructure of surface cladding layer densification of formation, flawless, pore-free, dilution rate is extremely low, with copper base
Body surface face can form good metallurgical bonding.
To achieve the above object, a kind of utilization high-rate laser melting and coating technique provided by the invention is prepared in copper matrix surface
Cladding alloy material is sent into copper matrix surface using laser coaxial powder feeding device, while using laser by the technique of cladding layer
Carry out layer-by-layer high-rate laser cladding；
The laser selects optical fiber laser or fiber coupled laser diode；
Technological parameter of the laser in cladding operating process are as follows: focus lamp focal length is 250~300mm, cladding power
For 2000~8000W, spot diameter be 0.3~1.2mm, cladding sweep speed is 100~400mm/s, overlapping rate 65%.
As the restriction to above-mentioned technical proposal, the cladding alloy material includes following component: Ni:15%~20%；
Cr:5%~10%；Fe:15%~28%；C:6~9%；Co:9~20%；B:2~4%；Si:3.0~5.0%；P:2%；
W3%~4%.
As the restriction to above-mentioned technical proposal, the granularity of the cladding alloy material is 200~800 mesh.
As the restriction to above-mentioned technical proposal, described prepared using high-rate laser melting and coating technique in copper matrix surface is melted
The technique of coating the following steps are included:
A, laser focus lamp focal length is adjusted: the practical optical focus position out of measurement laser, by instruction feux rouges focus position
The measurement set determines laser defocusing amount, and then selected focus lamp focal range；
B, other technological parameters of laser are determined: according to laser scan rate, laser spot size and laser power
Matching relationship selectes laser cladding power, spot diameter, cladding sweep speed and overlapping rate；
C, the technological parameter of powder feeder is determined: using rotating disc type bitubular powder feeder, according to powder sending quantity and single track width, single track
The relationship of thickness selectes powder sending quantity；Using the dedicated coaxial annular nozzle of high speed cladding, coke breeze is adjusted to nozzle edge height, control
The hot spot of laser processed is slightly larger than the amyloid plaque of powder feeder；
D, regulate and control each technological parameter after limiting in range through step a~c, operate laser coaxial powder feeding device for cladding alloy
Material is sent into copper matrix surface, and carries out layer-by-layer high-rate laser cladding dusting while operating laser, obtains cladding layer.
Performance coverage very little of the defocusing amount of low speed cladding laser for cladding layer, but high speed cladding process defocus
Amount directly affects cladding effect and quality of cladding layer, therefore selectes and gather on the basis of high speed melting and coating process need to determine laser defocusing amount
Burnt mirror focal length；In addition, powder feeding and the matching of laser melting coating require very high, spy of the present invention for high speed cladding in high speed cladding
Property, it determines the melting and coating process condition of optical fiber laser or fiber coupled laser diode, is being not required to carry out any subsequent processing
Under the premise of, it just can prepare that dilution rate is extremely low, cladding layer of good performance.
Copper matrix surface need to be polished before cladding operation of dusting as the restriction to above-mentioned technical proposal
With abatement processes；Be processed by shot blasting using polissoir so that copper matrix surface it is smooth have it is glossy；It is carried out using stain remover
Cleaning, removes the grease stain and other pollutants of copper matrix surface.
As the restriction to above-mentioned technical proposal, obtained cladding layer thickness in monolayer is between 80~1200 μm.
In conclusion the technique provided by the invention that cladding layer is prepared in copper matrix surface, by using with high speed
The laser of sweep speed, and according to high speed melting and coating process, determine the technological parameter of high-speed laser, then be equipped with specific cladding
Alloy powder can form dense structure, flawless, nothing in copper matrix surface under the premise of being not required to subsequent other processing
Stomata, the extremely low cladding layer of dilution rate, and good metallurgical bonding can be formed with copper matrix surface.
In order to guarantee quality of cladding layer under high-rate laser, the present invention chooses optical fiber laser or optical-fiber coupling semiconductor laser
Device selectes focus lamp focal length, and foundation on the basis of determining optical fiber laser or fiber coupled laser diode defocusing amount
The matching relationship of laser scan rate, laser spot size and laser power is to determine the technological parameter of laser, so as to wink
Between form molten bath, generate lesser heat affected area, make only to generate micro-strain to cladding matrix, formed consistency it is high, wear-resisting
The cladding layer that Du Genggao, dilution rate are extremely low, the modified better performances in surface and cladding are high-efficient；
In addition, in terms of the composition of cladding alloy powder, based on nickel, iron, carbon, cobalt, boron, silicon, in conjunction with chromium, phosphorus,
Tungsten forms the cladding layer of copper matrix surface；Using the hard and malleable property and corrosion resistance of nickel, enable alloy height
Polishing, it is anticorrosive, improve mechanical strength；Using the wearability and magnetism and elemental iron of iron and effective combination of chromium, guarantee to close
Gold forms heat resistance austenitic structure, and makes performance of the alloy with high-temperature stability and heat/corrosion resistance；Using carbon to alloy
The importance of tissue and performance, and matched with ferro element, to obtain appropriate intensity, excellent toughness and the alloy of weldability；Benefit
It is greater than the affine of metal component and oxygen with the affinity that boron element can reduce fusing point, the characteristic for increasing mobility and boron and oxygen
Power generates boron oxide with oxygen when melting boron, and clad layer surface is floated on after thawing, forms non-porous cladding layer after cooling；Utilize silicon
Tension stress, elasticity, acid resistance, heat resistance and the corrosion resistance for enhancing alloy, increase the resistance coefficient of alloy；Make base using phosphorus
Body lattice, which generates, to distort and reaches solution strengthening, gives full play to the high-strength alloyed ability of the alloys such as nickel, chromium；Also utilize tungsten member
Element forms dispersion strengthening phase to obtain high rigidity hair carbide, further increases the wearability of cladding layer；Alloyed powder of the invention
End is screened by the matching to each raw material component, assigns each raw material component for the specificity of high-rate laser melting and coating process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of present invention measurement laser spot, operation light spot；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of present invention measurement laser defocusing amount；
The schematic diagram of cladding layer when Fig. 3 is present invention measurement sweep speed；
The schematic diagram of cladding layer when Fig. 4 is present invention measurement powder sending quantity；
Fig. 5 is change curve of the single track width with cladding layer thickness with powder sending quantity size in the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of cladding layer thickness and face efficiency when measuring overlapping rate in the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of cladding layer thickness when measuring laser power in the present invention；
Fig. 8 is that the cross-sectional metallographic figure of cladding layer and SEM scheme in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 9 is the microhardness curve distribution figure of cladding layer in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Figure 10 is the friction coefficient time changing curve of cladding layer and matrix in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Figure 11 is the polishing scratch Cross Section Morphology of cladding layer and matrix, wear scar volumes histogram in the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Figure 12 is that cladding layer and copper matrix are to vary with temperature the curve of friction factor with pair in the embodiment of the present invention 2
Figure；
Figure 13 is the metallurgical microscopic and cladding junction after selecting various lasers cladding in comparative example one of the present invention
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph；
Figure 14 is the metallurgical microscopic of cladding junction in comparative example two of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described
Embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field
Those of ordinary skill's every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, belongs to protection of the present invention
Range.
Embodiment one
The present embodiment relates to the use of the technique that high-rate laser melting and coating technique prepares cladding layer in copper matrix surface.
A kind of to prepare cladding layer in copper matrix surface using high-rate laser melting and coating technique, the cladding alloy material includes
The raw material components of following mass percentage: Ni:15%~20%；Cr:5%~10%；Fe:15%~28%；C:6~9%；
Co:9~20%；B:2~4%；Si:3.0~5.0%；P:2%；W:3%~4%；Wherein, the granularity of cladding alloy material is
200~800 mesh.
The composition of raw materials of alloy material is as shown in the table in each embodiment:
| Embodiment 1.1 | Embodiment 1.2 | Embodiment 1.3 | |
| Ni | 12g | 16.44g | 20g |
| Cr | 5.2g | 8g | 10g |
| Fe | 16.8g | 23g | 28g |
| C | 5.4g | 7.4g | 9g |
| Co | 12g | 16.5g | 19.96g |
| B | 2g | 3g | 4g |
| Si | 3g | 4g | 5g |
| P | 1.2g | 1.66g | 2.04g |
| W | 2.4g | 3g | 4g |
By the alloy material of embodiment each in upper table, is prepared and melted in crystallizer copper plate surface using high-rate laser melting and coating technique
Coating, the preparation process of cladding layer the following steps are included:
A, it polishes: crystallizer copper plate surface being processed by shot blasting using sand paper or polishing machine, so that copper plate of crystallizer table
Face is smooth have it is glossy；
B, it decontaminates: crystallizer copper plate surface being cleaned using stain remover acetone, remove the oil of crystallizer copper plate surface
Stain and other pollutants；
C, it high-rate laser cladding: is grasped using optical fiber laser before the cladding of optical fiber laser high-rate laser, is first adjusted in cladding
Technological parameter during work；
C1, laser spot, operation light spot measurement
It is determined using the practical optical focus out of optical fiber laser measurement laser by the measurement to instruction feux rouges focal position
Laser defocusing amount, and then selected focus lamp focal range；
Laser power 6000W in optical fiber laser, out when light between 0.05s, dot method be with laser head focusing lens
Lower end be benchmark face, every dozen of points, laser head decline 2mm, and so on, make a call to 6 points altogether, do two groups of experiments, hot spot altogether
Diameter takes its mean value.
Dimensional measurement is carried out to each point using Stereo microscope, as shown in Figure 1, it can be seen that the practical optical focus out of laser
Position is probably located at the position 260mm and the position 240mm middle, i.e., at the position 252mm.
By the measurement to instruction feux rouges focal position, as shown in Fig. 2, discovery feux rouges focal position and practical exit positions
There are the deviation of 5mm or so, i.e. feux rouges focal position is located above practical optical focus position out at 5mm left-right position.
Feux rouges focal position is that laser head indicates distance, i.e. focus lamp focal length, can be in such a way that laser defocus is got ready
It determines practical optical focus position out, optical focus position is gone out with reality to calculate defocusing amount when work, and then selected focus lamp is burnt
Away from range.
C2, coke breeze measurement
Using the dedicated coaxial annular nozzle of high speed cladding, coaxial annular nozzle is supported high-power, long-time high speed operation, is made
With the high red copper material of heat dissipation performance, powder is fine out, the cladding layer of densification easy to form；Its performance parameter: the type of cooling, water
It is cold；Amyloid plaque size, 0.6mm；Powder stream shape, annular；Powder feeding flow, 1~60g/min；Powder size, 20~150 μm；Ruler
It is very little, 100*114.5*49；Quality, 0.62kg.
Coke breeze is to nozzle edge height
As seen from the above table, the powder feed system of ultrahigh speed laser melting coating and conventional cladding powder feed system are there are dramatically different, no
It is gas pressure, flow velocity, powder feeding efficiency, powder size etc. with point, while the existing stifled powder of fine powder conveying, electrostatic is overcome to ask
Topic.The convergence characteristic with higher of high-rate laser cladding head, may be implemented the long range of 200~800 mesh powder of powder size
Conveying, by control amyloid plaque size and spot size match, improve powder using efficiency to greatest extent, be not likely to produce stomata, fluctuating,
The defects of direction difference, while there are also adaptive deposition thickness control functions, avoid cladding in uneven thickness.
C3, determination of scan rate
Under the conditions of laser power, spot diameter, amyloid plaque, powder sending quantity are consistent, by measuring in different scanning rates
In the case of single track cladding effect；Wherein laser power is 6000W, and laser defocusing amount is 5mm, spot diameter 1.0mm, coke breeze height
Degree is 2mm, and powder feeding throughput is 9LPM, and powder feeding stream pressure is 0.4MPa, and protection air-flow amount is 13LPM, protection air-flow pressure
0.5MPa, powder sending quantity 22g/min, measurement sweep speed be respectively 50mm/s, 100mm/s, 200mm/s, 300mm/s,
Cladding effect under 400mm/s obtains the single track metallographic microscope of cladding layer as shown in Figure 3；
Cladding layer starting altitude H, pool depth h and the relevant cladding layer and matrix object detected by metallographic method
Parameter is managed, the laser melting coating dilution rate under each sweep speed is calculated.
As seen from the above table, within the scope of test error, under conditions of laser parameter is certain, laser cladding layer dilution rate with
The increase of sweep speed and reduce；In addition, by upper table and Fig. 3 it is found that the dilution rate of laser cladding layer is extremely low, in each laser parameter
Cooperation under, sweep speed be 100mm/s single track experiment effect it is best, it is seen that the spot size of laser be slightly larger than powder feeder
Hot spot.
C4, powder sending quantity measurement
Using rotating disc type bitubular powder feeder, rotating disc type bitubular powder feeder is sent using advanced gas dynamics to realize
Powder kinetic energy, accurate control to gas flow, the rotation of powder disk, preheating temperature claimed range, pass through the different powder feeding powder disk of replacement
Change powder feeding efficiency and granularity, and then expand its powder feeding section and particle size range, powder feeding section is 0.4~300g/min, granularity
Range is 20~250 μm.
It is 9LPM/Mpa in powder feeding gas, protection gas is 0.5LPM/Mpa, and laser defocusing amount is 5mm, and amyloid plaque height is 2mm,
Spot diameter is 1.0mm, and laser power 6000W, sweep speed is to improve in the case that the relevant parameters such as 100mm/s are constant
Powder sending quantity measures single track width, single track thickness.
| Serial number | Powder sending quantity (r/min) | Thickness (μm) | Metallographic width (μm) | Body formula width (μm) |
| 1 | 4 | 80 | 1673 | 1141 |
| 2 | 5 | 105 | 1392 | 1016 |
| 3 | 6 | 135 | 1223 | 827 |
As seen from the above table, in the case where laser power, sweep speed and other constant relevant parameters, powder sending quantity is improved,
Single track thickness increases, and width reduces, as shown in figure 4, surface molten bath narrows, reunites in the powder of cladding single track two sides slush state
Last quantity increases；The reason of there is the blind crack substantially along cladding single track direction at single track center, causes micro-crack majority be because
There is low-melting-point metal compound for the final solidified center in molten bath, toughness plasticity is poor, is arrived when molten bath solidifies cooling
Horizontal tensile stress from cladding road two sides, causes crackle.
As shown in figure 5, in the case where laser power, sweep speed and other constant relevant parameters, powder sending quantity and single track
Width, cladding layer thickness have certain proportionate relationship, as seen from the figure, the powder sending quantity of 6r/min, that is, 60g/min still can be
The cladding layer being well combined with substrate is obtained under 6000W power.
C5, overlapping rate measurement
In the case where the relevant parameters such as laser power, sweep speed, powder sending quantity are constant, measure under different overlapping rates
Cladding layer thickness and face efficiency.
Because of unit time body forming efficiency=face efficiency * thickness in monolayer, in conjunction with upper table and as shown in Figure 6, available
On the basis of good metallurgical bonding, for overlapping rate at 65%, body forming efficiency is higher.
C6, laser power measurement
It is constant in relevant parameters such as sweep speed, powder sending quantity, overlapping rates, measure the cladding layer thickness under different capacity.
Such as Fig. 7 and upper table are it is found that in the case where sweep speed, powder sending quantity, overlapping rate relevant parameter are constant, with swashing
The raising of optical power, cladding layer thickness constantly increase.
After C1-C6 regulates and controls, by the technical arrangement plan of optical fiber laser are as follows: focus lamp focal length is 250~300mm, melts
Cover that power is 2000~6000W, spot diameter is 0.3~1.2mm, cladding sweep speed is 100~400mm/s, overlapping rate is
65%；The cladding alloy material that granularity is 200~800 mesh is fed through crystallizer copper plate surface using laser coaxial powder feeding device,
Carry out layer-by-layer high-rate laser cladding using optical fiber laser simultaneously, the cladding layer thickness in monolayer of formation between 0.08~1.2mm it
Between.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is related to the detection of the cladding layer capability prepared to embodiment one.
Sample is prepared under present invention process in cladding alloy material under embodiment 1.1-1.3 proportion.
(1) detection of object phase performance
Extracted from obtained sample at random it is multiple as test product, using DX-2700X camera shooting diffractometer to each test product
High-rate laser cladding layer carries out object-image analysis, obtains the cladding layer cross-sectional metallographic figure as shown in Fig. 8 (a)；It can by Fig. 8 (a)
Know, it is copper plate of crystallizer that upper part is cladding layer below, and cladding layer and copper plate of crystallizer have apparent interface.In interface,
Matrix and cladding layer are in metallurgical bonding, and cladding layer thickness is about 0.4mm, pore-free and crackle in cladding layer, matter inside cladding layer
Amount is good.
Fig. 8 (b) is that the SEM of cladding layer schemes, it is shown that the combination situation of cladding layer and crystallizer copper board interface, wherein vertical line
Show the position and direction of line scanning.By Fig. 8 (b) it is found that each element is evenly distributed in entire cladding layer.
(2) detection of hardness performance
Vickers hardness measurement is carried out using cladding layer of the HVS-1000 type digital micro-analysis hardometer to sample, loaded load is
200g, load time 10s are averaged after measuring 5 times.Vertically downward from high-rate laser clad layer surface, every 0.1mm's
Distance measures, and three points are transversely measured in same vertical range, and the interval of three points is 0.2mm, then takes three
The average value of point obtains sample cladding layer as shown in Figure 9 along thickness side as the Vickers hardness number in the vertical range
Upward Vickers hardness curve.
As shown in Figure 9, as can be seen that maximum hardness appears in time surface layer from microhardness curve, maximum hardness is
786HV, cladding layer average hardness is 567HV, and the hardness of copper plate of crystallizer is only 145HV.Compared with copper plate of crystallizer, melt
The hardness of coating improves 4~5 times, this also means that cladding layer produced by the present invention resists the part that external object is invaded
Ability is stronger.
(3) detection of wear-resisting property
Extracting multiple be used as from obtained sample at random has cladding layer test product, in addition chooses the knot of multiple no cladding layers
Brilliant device copper sheet test product as a comparison.
1. coefficient of friction compares
The curve that Figure 10 changes over time for the coefficient of friction of cladding layer and copper plate of crystallizer.It can be seen that from curve
The maximum friction coefficient of copper plate of crystallizer is 0.43, average friction coefficient 0.4；The maximum friction coefficient of cladding layer is 0.807,
Average friction coefficient is 0.614, from the point of view of in entire friction process, steady, the final friction of the friction running and comparing of cladding layer
Coefficient is also in 0.6 or so fluctuation.
2. abrasion loss compares
Using MFT-R4000 high speed reciprocating friction and wear testing machine to the test product for having cladding layer and without cladding layer test product into
The test of surface abrasion resistance of having gone cleans test with acetone, the test of amount of friction is carried out after dry after the test.
Frictional wear amount is to scan three-dimensional surface profile instrument by NanoMap500LS to be measured from, and principle is by sweeping
It retouches after probe is scanned the polishing scratch section of test product, is then analyzed with SPIP5.13 software.Each test product scans 5 times,
To determine the average traversal area of polishing scratch, multiplied by polishing scratch length up to wear scar volumes；Wherein Figure 11 (a) be cladding layer and
The polishing scratch Cross Section Morphology of copper plate matrix, Figure 11 (b) are the wear scar volumes histogram of cladding layer and copper plate matrix.
By Figure 11 (a) it is found that the Wear track depth of copper plate of crystallizer test product is about 70 μm or so, width is 1600 μm or so；
And the Wear track depth of cladding layer is about 30 μm or so, width is 1200 μm or so.Under the same test conditions, the mill of cladding layer
Trace, mill are wide to be respectively less than copper plate of crystallizer copper plate of crystallizer.
By Figure 11 (b) it is found that the wear scar volumes of cladding layer are significantly less than the wear scar volumes of copper plate of crystallizer.Show to use this
Invention high-rate laser melting and coating process carries out the wearability that high-rate laser cladding is conducive to improve product to crystallizer copper plate surface, prolongs
The service life of product is grown.
(4) detection of high temperature resistance
Extracting multiple be used as from obtained sample at random has cladding layer test product, in addition chooses the knot of multiple no cladding layers
Brilliant device copper sheet test product as a comparison.
Figure 12 is under identical friction condition, and cladding layer test product and the copper plate of crystallizer without cladding layer are with pair, friction factor
Change curve at different temperatures.As shown in Figure 12,1, for numerically, the friction factor of cladding layer test product is consistently less than
The friction factor of copper plate of crystallizer without cladding layer, and it is larger to differ amplitude；2, from trend, with the liter of test temperature
Height, the friction factor of the copper plate of crystallizer of no cladding layer is first increased and is reduced afterwards, and fluctuating range is larger；The friction of cladding layer test product
Factor is in gradually decrease trend, but fluctuating range is smaller.In short, the friction factor of cladding layer test product is acted upon by temperature changes not
Greatly, high temperature resistance is far superior to copper plate of crystallizer.
Comparative example one
This comparative example is related to influence of other lasers to copper matrix surface cladding layer.
Select DL-HL-T10000 type CO2Laser chooses optimal zlasing mode (low order with organic glass burned spot method
Mould), stable plasma arcs state is obtained, indicates that point calculates defocusing amount using feux rouges, wherein the technological parameter of laser are as follows:
Focus lamp focal length f is 200mm, and cladding power P is 6000W, and spot diameter D is 2mm, and cladding sweep speed V is 6m/min, overlap joint
Rate 50%；Copper base material is preheated with the speed of 600mm/min using laser, is measured with infrared radiation thermometer, when preheating temperature
Quick cladding nickel-base alloy when degree is up to 400~500 DEG C.
If Figure 13 (a) is using the Metallograph after carbon dioxide laser cladding, Figure 13 (b) is cladding layer and copper
The stereoscan photograph of matrix junction, as can be observed from Figure, cladding layer are apparent lamellar tissue, and interlayer is loose, deposits
In apparent hole, and between cladding layer and Copper substrate, there are holes, and clear-cut, the gap that scanning electron microscopic observation arrives makes
It obtains cladding layer to be easy to fall off, intolerant to abrasion.
6000W optical fiber laser is selected, using rotating disc type bitubular powder feeder, the dedicated coaxial annular nozzle of high speed cladding, behaviour
Make laser coaxial powder feeding device and cladding alloy material is sent into copper matrix surface, and is carried out successively dusting while operating laser
High-rate laser cladding, obtains cladding layer.The practical optical focus position out of measurement calculates laser defocusing amount, and passes through measurement instruction feux rouges
Focal position, and then determine laser defocusing amount, wherein the specific process parameter of optical fiber laser is as follows: laser power 6000W,
Laser defocusing amount is 5mm, and spot diameter 1.0mm, coke breeze height is 2mm, and powder feeding throughput is 9LPM, and powder feeding stream pressure is
0.4MPa, protection air-flow pressure 0.5MPa, powder sending quantity 22g/min.
Figure 13 (c) and Figure 13 (d) is the OM photo and SEM photograph of cladding layer and Copper substrate junction after high speed cladding,
It can be seen that microscopic structure is fine and close after laser melting coating, cladding layer and Copper substrate are good metallurgical bonding.
Comparative example two
This comparative example is related to influence of the alloy powder of different material component to copper matrix surface cladding layer.
Selection and self-fusible alloy powder of nickel-base similar in 1.1 Copper base material ingredient of embodiment, main component is C:0.018g,
Si:1.2g, B:0.66g, Fe:0.3g, Cu:12g, Ni:45.822g；
6000W optical fiber laser is selected, using rotating disc type bitubular powder feeder, the dedicated coaxial annular nozzle of high speed cladding, behaviour
Make laser coaxial powder feeding device and cladding alloy material is sent into copper matrix surface, and is carried out successively dusting while operating laser
High-rate laser cladding, obtains cladding layer.Wherein the specific process parameter of optical fiber laser is as follows: laser power 6000W, laser
Defocusing amount is 5mm, and spot diameter 1.0mm, coke breeze height is 2mm, and powder feeding throughput is 9LPM, and powder feeding stream pressure is
0.4MPa, protection air-flow pressure 0.5MPa, powder sending quantity 22g/min.
The Metallograph for observing junction is as shown in figure 14, and discovery Copper base material is seriously diluted, and cladding layer has very much
Hole, these holes will cause defect and fine fisssure, stress be easy to cause to concentrate, and cladding layer is easy to fall off, intolerant to abrasion.
In conclusion the present invention is directed to the characteristic of high speed cladding, the melting and coating process condition of laser is determined, and be equipped with dedicated
High speed cladding alloy powder, under the premise of being not required to carry out any subsequent processing, can be formed moment dense structure, flawless,
Pore-free, the extremely low cladding layer of dilution rate, and good metallurgical bonding can be formed with copper matrix surface；In addition, to cladding base
Body only generates micro-strain.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of technique for preparing cladding layer in copper matrix surface using high-rate laser melting and coating technique, it is characterised in that: use
Cladding alloy material is sent into copper matrix surface by laser coaxial powder feeding device, while being carried out layer-by-layer high-rate laser using laser and being melted
It covers；
The laser selects optical fiber laser or fiber coupled laser diode；
Technological parameter of the laser in cladding operating process are as follows: focus lamp focal length is 250~300mm, cladding power is
2000~8000W, spot diameter are 0.3~1.2mm, cladding sweep speed is 100~400mm/s, overlapping rate 65%.
2. the technique according to claim 1 for preparing cladding layer in copper matrix surface using high-rate laser melting and coating technique,
It is characterized by: the cladding alloy material includes following component: Ni:15%~20%；Cr:5%~10%；Fe:15%~
28%；C:6~9%；Co:9~20%；B:2~4%；Si:3.0~5.0%；P:2%；W3%~4%.
3. the technique according to claim 2 for preparing cladding layer in copper matrix surface using high-rate laser melting and coating technique,
It is characterized by: the granularity of the cladding alloy material is 200~800 mesh.
4. described in any one of claim 1 to 3 prepared using high-rate laser melting and coating technique in copper matrix surface is melted
The technique of coating, which comprises the following steps:
A, laser focus lamp focal length is adjusted: the practical optical focus position out of measurement laser, by instruction feux rouges focal position
Measurement determines laser defocusing amount, and then selected focus lamp focal range；
B, other technological parameters of laser are determined: the matching according to laser scan rate, laser spot size and laser power
Relationship selectes laser cladding power, spot diameter, cladding sweep speed and overlapping rate；
C, the technological parameter of powder feeder is determined: using rotating disc type bitubular powder feeder, according to powder sending quantity and single track width, single track thickness
Relationship, select powder sending quantity；Using the dedicated coaxial annular nozzle of high speed cladding, coke breeze is adjusted to nozzle edge height, control swashs
The hot spot of light device is slightly larger than the amyloid plaque of powder feeder；
D, regulate and control each technological parameter after limiting in range through step a~c, operate laser coaxial powder feeding device for cladding alloy material
It is sent into copper matrix surface, and carries out layer-by-layer high-rate laser cladding dusting while operating laser, obtains cladding layer.
5. the technique according to claim 4 for preparing cladding layer in copper matrix surface using high-rate laser melting and coating technique,
It is characterized by: polishing and abatement processes need to be carried out to copper matrix surface before cladding operation of dusting；Use polissoir
Be processed by shot blasting so that copper matrix surface it is smooth have it is glossy；It is cleaned using stain remover, removes copper matrix surface
Grease stain and other pollutants.
6. the technique according to claim 4 for preparing cladding layer in copper matrix surface using high-rate laser melting and coating technique,
It is characterized by: obtained cladding layer thickness in monolayer is between 80~1200 μm.
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