CN108315733A - Powder and preparation method used in a kind of laser melting coating aluminium bronze gradient coating - Google Patents
Powder and preparation method used in a kind of laser melting coating aluminium bronze gradient coating Download PDFInfo
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- CN108315733A CN108315733A CN201810158367.4A CN201810158367A CN108315733A CN 108315733 A CN108315733 A CN 108315733A CN 201810158367 A CN201810158367 A CN 201810158367A CN 108315733 A CN108315733 A CN 108315733A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
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Abstract
The present invention relates to powder and process of preparing used in a kind of laser melting coating aluminium bronze gradient coating, alloy powder is made of nine kinds of elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al elements are 6 7%wt, Fe and Ni is to wait mass fractions, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 1 12%wt, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 0.5 2%wt, surplus Cu.The novel aluminium bronze gradient coating prepared using laser melting and coating technique, have both a variety of excellent properties such as high rigidity, excellent corrosion resistance, wearability and resistance to high temperature oxidation, it can be widely applied to the fields machinery maintenance such as metallurgy, electric power, sea transport and remanufacture, there is significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of surface engineering technique, and in particular to a kind of to be prepared in austenitic stainless steel surface laser cladding
Powder and preparation method used in aluminium bronze gradient coating.
Background technology
Cladding laser surfaces are called coating produced by laser cladding, refer to being more than 10 in high-energy-density4W/cm2Laser beam effect under, will be resistance to
Mill, anti-corrosion, resistance to high temperature oxidation etc. have powder rapid melting and the solidification of property, are split to obtain nothing in matrix surface
The metallurgical binding alloy-layer of the defects of line, pore-free.The gradient coating to be formed is prepared by laser melting coating with low dilution rate, heat
The characteristics of zone of influence is smaller, ingredient and performance change in gradient.It, can be notable after basis material is surface-treated by laser melting coating
The performances such as raising its wearability, corrosion resistance and fire-resistant oxidation resistant.The application of laser melting and coating technique is quite extensive, including ship
Oceangoing ship, submarine, metallurgical equipment, aviation etc..For ship submarine due to being run in briny environment for a long time, seawater corrosion causes it to use the longevity
Life reduction.High annealing furnace roller in metallurgy industry is due to being chronically at hot environment and there is friction mill in the process of running
Initial failure is damaged, various defects, the serious service life for affecting furnace roller and processing steel are produced so as to cause furnace roller surface
The surface quality of plate.
Aluminium bronze can occur eutectoid reaction at 565 DEG C and form harmful γ2Phase, because of γ2It is mutually hard crisp phase, in corrosion ring
It can be corroded first in border, occur more serious corrosion so as to cause entire parts, and the addition of Fe, Mn element can inhibit
γ2The generation of phase, to enhance the corrosion resistance of aluminium bronze.But on the other hand, the γ of refinement2Mutually in fretting wear
When can play the role of wear-resistant skeleton, to make the abrasion resistance properties of aluminium bronze be promoted.
Therefore for the service life for how improving the work mechanism equipment in briny environment such as submarine, ship, how to carry
The service life for the metallurgical machinery that height works in the high temperature environment, being that laser melting coating process for modifying surface is urgently to be resolved hurrily asks
Topic.
Invention content
Goal of the invention：
The present invention uses laser melting coating process for modifying surface, and preparing aluminium bronze gradient in austenite stainless steel surface applies
Layer.The gradient coating forms good metallurgical binding with basis material, and the phase structure of gradient coating is mainly α-Cu phases, AlCu3
Phase, κ (AlFe3And AlNi3) phase, Cr-Fe phases.It is more with high rigidity, excellent corrosion resistance, wearability and high-temperature oxidation resistance etc.
Kind of excellent properties, are capable of the service life of prolonged mechanical component to greatest extent, and prepared novel aluminium bronze gradient applies
Layer has higher force performance and high environment drag.
Technical solution：
A kind of laser melting coating prepares powder used in aluminium bronze gradient coating, it is characterised in that：Alloy powder include Al,
Nine kinds of elements of Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al constituent contents are that 6-7%wt, Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions.
Fe the and Ni elements total amount is 1-12%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 0.5-2%wt, and surplus is
Cu。
The purity of the alloy powder is not less than 99.9%, and the granularity of powder used is 45-100 μm.
A method of as the powder laser melting coating prepares aluminium bronze gradient coating, it is characterised in that：
Preparation method is as follows：
1) base material pre-processes, and austenite stainless steel as matrix material is processed into required sample using numerically controlled wire cutting machine
Product size, base material waits for that laser processing surface 100#, 200#SiC abrasive paper for metallograph is polished, removes removing oxide layer, until exposing metal
Alcohol or acetone ultrasonic cleaning, drying for standby is used in combination in gloss, then sandblasting；
2) two kinds of metal powder materials of the Cu of the Al of 7%wt and 93%wt are weighed respectively, and in mortar ground and mixed 3h with
On, uniformly mixed powder is then placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dry 2-5h, bottom alloy powder is made, using half
The method of conductor Laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system prepares bottom cladding layer in austenite stainless steel surface, thickness 1-2mm,
Impurity≤0.1%；
3) again by nine kinds of alloy powder material weighings of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al elements are 6-7%wt,
Fe and Ni is to wait mass fractions, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 1-12%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 0.5-2%
Then uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers by wt, surplus Cu, and the ground and mixed 3h or more in mortar
Middle dry 2-5h；Intermediate layer alloy powder is made, using the method for semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system above-mentioned
Bottom clad layer surface prepares middle level cladding layer, thickness 1-2mm, impurity≤0.1%；
4) surface layer cladding layer is prepared with above-mentioned steps 3), surface layer cladding layer, thickness are prepared on above-mentioned intermediate layer
For 1-2mm, impurity≤0.1%.
The laser output power 2.5kW, spot diameter 3mm, sweep speed 20-30mm/s, large-area laser beam are swept
It is 50% to retouch overlapping rate, and it is 10-20L/min that laser melting coating preparation process, which protects gas Ar flows,.
Advantage and effect：
The alloy powder of the present invention acts on austenite stainless steel surface by laser irradiation reaction synthetic technology, obtains
High performance surface reforming layer solves in corrosive environment due to γ2The presence of phase and lead to aluminium bronze corrosion resisting property
The drawbacks of decline.Simultaneously because the addition of Fe, Ni, Cr element improves the case hardness of aluminium bronze gradient coating, to
The effect of laser melting coating improves surface of stainless steel corrosion resistance and wearability is taken into account.
Description of the drawings：
It is Al 7%wt and Cu 93%wt that Fig. 1, which is bottom ingredient, and middle level and surface layer composition are Al 7%wt, etc. quality point
Several Fe and Ni, Fe and Ni total amounts are 1%wt, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount 0.5%wt, the aluminium bronze conjunction that surplus is Cu
Golden gradient coating surface layer displaing micro tissue topography；
It is Al 7%wt and Cu 93%wt that Fig. 2, which is bottom ingredient, and middle level and surface layer composition are Al 6.72%wt, etc. quality
The Fe and Ni of score, Fe and Ni total amounts are 4%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount 0.8%wt, surplus is the aluminium bronze of Cu
Alloy gradient coating surface layer displaing micro tissue topography；
It is Al 7%wt and Cu 93%wt that Fig. 3, which is bottom ingredient, and middle level and surface layer composition are Al 6.44%wt, etc. quality
The Fe and Ni of score, Fe and Ni total amounts are 8%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount 1.5%wt, surplus is the aluminium bronze of Cu
Alloy gradient coating surface layer displaing micro tissue topography；
It is Al 7%wt and Cu 93%wt that Fig. 4, which is bottom ingredient, and middle level and surface layer composition are Al 6%wt, etc. quality point
Several Fe and Ni, Fe and Ni total amounts are 12%wt, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount 2%wt, the aluminium bronze conjunction that surplus is Cu
Golden gradient coating surface layer displaing micro tissue topography.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention relates to a kind of for preparing aluminium bronze gradient coating in austenitic stainless steel surface laser cladding
Preparation process.It is mainly concerned with laser melting coating and prepares powder used in aluminium bronze gradient coating, according to design requirement, alloyed powder
Material is made of nine kinds of elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al elements be 6-7%wt, Fe and Ni for etc. quality
Score, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 1-12%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 0.5-2%wt, surplus Cu.
Al, Ni, Fe, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo Purity of Coke Powder are not less than 99.9%, and powder used in the alloy powder
Granularity be 45-100 μm.
The method that above-mentioned alloy powder laser melting coating prepares aluminium bronze gradient coating, preparation method are as follows：
1) base material pre-processes, and austenite stainless steel as matrix material is processed into required sample using numerically controlled wire cutting machine
Product size, base material waits for that laser processing surface 100#, 200#SiC abrasive paper for metallograph is polished, removes surface oxide layer, until exposing
Alcohol or acetone ultrasonic cleaning, drying for standby is used in combination in metallic luster, then sandblasting；
2) two kinds of metal powder materials of the Cu of the Al of 7%wt and 93%wt are weighed respectively, and in mortar ground and mixed 3h with
On, and uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dry 2-5h, bottom alloy powder is made, using partly leading
The method of volumetric laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system prepares bottom cladding layer in austenite stainless steel surface, thickness 1-2mm, miscellaneous
Matter≤0.1%；The austenitic stainless steel can be 304 stainless steels, can also be 316 stainless steels, can also be 321 equal Ovshinskies
Body stainless steel；
3) again by nine kinds of alloy powder material weighings of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al elements are 6-7%wt,
Fe and Ni is to wait mass fractions, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 1-12%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 0.5-2%
Wt, surplus Cu；Then the ground and mixed 3h or more in mortar；Then uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying
Dry 2-5h in case；Middle level alloy powder is made, using the method for semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system in above-mentioned bottom
Clad layer surface prepares middle level cladding layer, thickness 1-2mm, impurity≤0.1%；The laser output power 2.5kW, hot spot
Diameter 3mm, sweep speed 20-30mm/s, large-area laser beam scanning overlapping rate are 50%, the protection of laser melting coating preparation process
Gas Ar flows are 10-20L/min；
4) surface layer cladding layer is prepared with above-mentioned steps 3), surface layer cladding layer is prepared in above-mentioned middle level clad layer surface, it is thick
Degree is 1-2mm, impurity≤0.1%.
The present invention is described in detail with reference to embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Alloy powder is made of nine kinds of elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, and wherein Al elements are 7%wt, Fe
It is to wait mass fractions with Ni, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 1%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 0.5%wt, and surplus is
Cu.The purity of the alloy powder is not less than 99.9%, and the granularity of powder used is 45-100 μm.
The method that above-mentioned alloy powder laser melting coating prepares aluminium bronze gradient coating, preparation method are as follows：
1) base material pre-processes, and 316 stainless steel base materials are processed into required sample size using numerically controlled wire cutting machine,
Base material waits for that laser processing surface 100#, 200#SiC abrasive paper for metallograph is polished, and removes removing oxide layer, until metallic luster is exposed, and
Alcohol or acetone ultrasonic cleaning, drying for standby is used in combination in sandblasting afterwards；
2) two kinds of metal powder materials of the Cu of the Al of 7%wt and 93%wt are weighed respectively；Then the ground and mixed 3h in mortar
More than；Then uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dry 2-5h, bottom alloy powder is made, used
The method of semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system prepares bottom cladding layer in 316 stainless steel surfaces, thickness 1-2mm,
Impurity≤0.1%；
3) again by nine kinds of alloy powder material weighings of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al elements are 7%wt, Fe
It is to wait mass fractions with Ni, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 1%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 0.5%wt, and surplus is
Cu；Then the ground and mixed 3h or more in mortar；Then uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dry 2-
5h；Middle level alloy powder is made, using the method for semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system in above-mentioned bottom clad layer surface
Prepare middle level cladding layer, thickness 1-2mm, impurity≤0.1%；The laser output power 2.5kW, spot diameter 3mm are swept
It is 20-30mm/s to retouch speed, and large-area laser beam scanning overlapping rate is 50%, and laser melting coating preparation process protection gas Ar flows are
10-20L/min；
4) surface layer cladding layer is prepared with above-mentioned steps 3), surface fused coating, thickness are prepared on above-mentioned intermediate layer
For 1-2mm, aluminium bronze gradient coating finished product is made in impurity≤0.1%.The phase structure of gained gradient coating is α-Cu,
γ2, β ', κ, Cr-Fe phases, average hardness 244HV0.3.Frictional wear experiment is carried out to cladding layer using pin-mill damage mode,
Wearing- in period 10min, load 150N, grinding defect diameter 21mm, frictional disk are Ni base cemented carbides, rotary speed 150r/
min.Relative wear resistance is 5.57 (relative wear resistance is the ratio of 316 stainless steel substrates and test specimen wear weight loss amount), puts down
Equal friction factor is 0.261.Hardness height, corrosion resistance and wearability are good.
As shown in Figure 1, for the gradient cladding layer extexine displaing micro tissue topography, it can be seen from the figure that its mainly by
Netted α-Cu phase compositions, and the α+γ for occurring reuniting in some regions2Phase.From outward appearance to inner essence tissue topography's observation can for cladding layer
To find, entire cladding layer is by netted α-Cu, β ' and a small amount of κ phase compositions.Netted α-Cu's is formed as gradient coating
Subsurface stratum and middle part cooling velocity it is relatively slow, however closer to base material, mesh is transformed into tiny acicular structure, this is
Since the temperature of 316 base materials is low, causes this region degree of supercooling very big and cause nucleation rate very big, crystal also has little time to form net
Molten bath solidification is completed before shape object.Due to Al, the presence of the elements such as Ni, Fe, κ phases can also be formed in the tissue, a small amount of Fe
With Cr due to larger affinity, can also form Cr-Fe reinforced phases.Since reinforced phase and matrix have good metallurgical junction
It closes, can effectively prevent falling off for cladding layer material, to be conducive to promote the wearability of cladding layer.
Embodiment 2
Alloy powder is prepared by vacuum gas atomization, including Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element,
Middle Al elements are that 6.72%wt, Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 4%wt, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo member
Plain total amount is 0.8%wt, surplus Cu.The alloy Purity of Coke Powder is not less than 99.9%, and the granularity of powder used is 45-
100μm。
The method that above-mentioned alloy powder laser melting coating prepares aluminium bronze gradient coating, preparation method are as follows：
1) base material pre-processes, and 316 stainless steel base materials are processed into required sample using numerically controlled wire cutting machine
Size, base material waits for that laser processing surface 100#, 200#SiC abrasive paper for metallograph is polished, removes removing oxide layer, until exposing metal light
Alcohol or acetone ultrasonic cleaning, drying for standby is used in combination in pool, then sandblasting；
2) two kinds of metal powder materials of the Cu of the Al of 7%wt and 93%wt are weighed respectively；Then the ground and mixed 3h in mortar
More than；Then uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dry 2-5h, bottom alloy powder is made, used
The method of semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system prepares bottom cladding layer in 316 stainless steel surfaces, thickness 1-2mm,
Impurity≤0.1%；
3) again by nine kinds of alloy powder material weighings of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al elements are 6.72%
Wt, Fe and Ni are to wait mass fractions, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 4%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 0.8%wt,
Surplus is Cu；Then the ground and mixed 3h or more in mortar；Then uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers
Dry 2-5h；Middle level alloy powder is made, using the method for semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system in above-mentioned bottom cladding
Layer surface prepares middle level cladding layer, thickness 1-2mm, impurity≤0.1%；The laser output power 2.5kW, spot diameter
3mm, sweep speed 20-30mm/s, large-area laser beam scanning overlapping rate are 50%, and laser melting coating preparation process protects gas Ar
Flow is 10-20L/min；
4) surface layer cladding layer is prepared with above-mentioned steps 3), surface layer cladding layer is prepared in above-mentioned middle level clad layer surface, it is thick
Degree is 1-2mm, and aluminium bronze gradient coating finished product is made in impurity≤0.1%.The phase structure of gained gradient coating is α-Cu,
β ', κ and Cr-Fe phase, average hardness 271HV0.3.Frictional wear experiment is carried out to cladding layer using pin mill damage mode,
Wearing- in period 10min, load 150N, grinding defect diameter 21mm, frictional disk are Ni base cemented carbides, rotary speed 150r/
min.Relative wear resistance is 6.85, average friction factor is 0.314.Gradient coating case hardness height, corrosion resistance and wearability are good.
As shown in Fig. 2, being the gradient coating surface layer displaing micro tissue topography, it can be seen from the figure that its tissue is mostly net
α-the Cu and acicular β ' the phases of presentation of shape, the tiny κ and Cr-Fe phases that also Dispersed precipitate.It is quick due to laser melting coating
Cooling procedure so that thermostabilization phase β occurs martensitic traoformation and generates β ', and β ' has higher hardness, can effectively improve cladding layer
Hardness.κ phases are precipitated from α-Cu phases, remain original desmachyme.The formation of κ phases is made with apparent crystal grain refinement
With improving the intensity and hardness of cladding layer.Since the fusing point ratio Cu of Cr and Fe is much higher, the Cr-Fe phases preferentially formed
Microstructure of surface cladding layer is further refined, to be remarkably improved the hardness and strength of cladding layer.It, can simultaneously in laser irradiation process
Above-mentioned various reinforced phases are formed, the metallurgical binding between these reinforced phases makes the binding force between each phase higher, can be effective
The peeling of hard phase in process of friction and wear is hindered, the coating made has preferable wear resistance while with high rigidity
Energy.
Embodiment 3
Alloy powder is made of nine kinds of elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, and wherein Al elements are 6.44%
Wt, Fe and Ni are to wait mass fractions, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 8%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 1.5%wt,
Surplus is Cu.The alloy Purity of Coke Powder is not less than 99.9%, and the granularity of coating powder is 45-100 μm.
The method that above-mentioned alloy powder laser melting coating prepares aluminium bronze gradient coating, preparation method are as follows：
1) base material pre-processes, and 316 stainless steel base materials are processed into required sample size using numerically controlled wire cutting machine,
Base material waits for that laser processing surface 100#, 200#SiC abrasive paper for metallograph is polished, and removes removing oxide layer, until metallic luster is exposed, and
Alcohol or acetone ultrasonic cleaning, drying for standby is used in combination in sandblasting afterwards；
2) two kinds of metal powder materials of the Cu of the Al of 7%wt and 93%wt are weighed respectively；Then the ground and mixed 3h in mortar
More than；Then uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dry 2-5h, bottom alloy powder is made, used
The method of semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system prepares bottom cladding layer in 316 stainless steel surfaces, thickness 1-2mm,
Impurity≤0.1%；
3) again by nine kinds of alloy powder material weighings of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al elements are 6.44%
Wt, Fe and Ni are to wait mass fractions, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 8%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 1.5%wt,
Surplus is Cu, and the ground and mixed 3h or more in mortar, and then uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers and is done
Middle level alloy powder is made in dry 2-5h.Using the method for semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system in above-mentioned bottom cladding layer
Surface prepares middle level cladding layer, thickness 1-2mm, impurity≤0.1%；The laser output power 2.5kW, spot diameter
3mm, sweep speed 20-30mm/s, large-area laser beam scanning overlapping rate are 50%, and laser melting coating preparation process protects gas Ar
Flow is 10-20L/min；
4) surface layer cladding layer is prepared with above-mentioned steps 3), surface fused coating, thickness are prepared on above-mentioned intermediate layer
For 1-2mm, aluminium bronze gradient coating finished product is made in impurity≤0.1%.The phase structure of gained gradient coating be α-Cu, β ',
κ and Cr-Fe phases, average hardness 276HV0.3.Frictional wear experiment, mill are carried out to cladding layer using pin-mill damage mode
Time 10min, load 150N, grinding defect diameter 21mm are damaged, frictional disk is Ni base cemented carbides, rotary speed 150r/min.
Relative wear resistance is 5.06, average friction factor is 0.263.Gradient coating hardness height, corrosion resistance and the wearability obtained is good.
As shown in figure 3, being the gradient coating surface layer displaing micro tissue topography, it can be seen from the figure that being mainly rendered as born of the same parents' shape
Crystalline substance, netted α-Cu phases, white is in acicular β ' phases, spherical in petal-shaped, the κ phases of spot distribution form and spherical Cr-Fe
Phase.Since temperature gradient has a small amount of intersection with practical crystallization temperature T at surface, so with smaller constitutional supercooling item
Under part, cellular crystal structure can occur.It is mutually α phases mainly to be formed at surface, the κ of the tiny form of β ' phases and Dispersed precipitate
Phase.The addition of Ni elements can increase the resistance to tempering of aluminium bronze in laser cladding process, can be produced in laser multi irradiation
Raw a large amount of β ' particles precipitated phases are precipitated, and by granular β ' the phases being precipitated in α phases, do not cause the roughening of α phase crystal grain.This is because
β ' is mutually preferentially precipitated in the crystal boundary of α phases during laser multi irradiation, it is suppressed that crystal grain is grown up, to play the work of crystal grain thinning
With and the presence of κ and Cr-Fe phases plays the role of second-phase strength, and coating is made to have higher hardness and excellent resistance to
Mill property.
Embodiment 4
Alloy powder is made of nine kinds of elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, and wherein Al elements are 6%wt, Fe
It is to wait mass fractions with Ni, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 12%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 2%wt, and surplus is
Cu.The alloy Purity of Coke Powder is not less than 99.9%, and the granularity of coating powder is 45-100 μm.
The method that above-mentioned alloy powder laser melting coating prepares aluminium bronze gradient coating, preparation method are as follows：
1) base material pre-processes, and 316 stainless steel base materials are processed into required sample using numerically controlled wire cutting machine
Size, base material waits for that laser processing surface 100#, 200#SiC abrasive paper for metallograph is polished, removes removing oxide layer, until exposing metal light
Alcohol or acetone ultrasonic cleaning, drying for standby is used in combination in pool, then sandblasting；
2) two kinds of metal powder materials of the Cu of the Al of 7%wt and 93%wt are weighed respectively；Then the ground and mixed 3h in mortar
More than, uniformly mixed powder is then placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dry 2-5h, bottom alloy powder is made, is used
The method of semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system prepares bottom cladding layer in 316 stainless steel surfaces, thickness 1-2mm,
Impurity≤0.1%；
3) again respectively by nine kinds of alloy powder material weighings of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al elements are 6%
Wt, Fe and Ni are to wait mass fractions, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 12%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 2%wt, remaining
Amount is Cu；Then the ground and mixed 3h or more in mortar, and uniformly mixed powder is placed in drying in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers
2-5h；Intermediate layer alloy powder is made, it is molten in above-mentioned bottom using the method for semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system
Clad surface prepares middle level cladding layer, thickness 1-2mm, impurity≤0.1%；The laser output power 2.5kW, hot spot are straight
Diameter 3mm, sweep speed 20-30mm/s, large-area laser beam scanning overlapping rate are 50%, and laser melting coating preparation process protects gas
Ar flows are 10-20L/min；
4) surface layer cladding layer is prepared with above-mentioned steps 3), surface layer cladding layer is prepared in above-mentioned middle level clad layer surface, it is thick
Degree is 1-2mm, and aluminium bronze gradient coating finished product is made in impurity≤0.1%.The phase structure of gained gradient coating is α-Cu,
β ', κ and Cr-Fe phase, average hardness 350HV0.3.Frictional wear experiment is carried out to cladding layer using pin mill damage mode,
Wearing- in period 10min, load 150N, grinding defect diameter 21mm, frictional disk are Ni base cemented carbides, rotary speed 150r/
min.Relative wear resistance is 4.44, and average friction factor is 0.334.Hardness is higher, wearability is preferable.
As shown in figure 4, being the gradient coating surface layer displaing micro tissue topography, it can be seen from the figure that main in gradient coating
To contain the phases such as α-Cu, β ', κ and Cr-Fe.Due to Fe, Ni comparision contents are more so that the driving force in established κ phases forward position
Become larger, to formed κ compare it is coarse.Most Fe meets to form α-Fe phases and be combined to form Cr- with the Cr in melt
The spherical phases of Fe.κ phase hardness is about 530HV0.3, and the hardness of the spherical phases of Fe-Cr is about 900HV0.3.The presence of the two makes cladding
The hardness of layer is obviously improved.Other alloying elements can be dissolved into α-Cu matrixes in melt simultaneously, be risen to cladding layer matrix phase
The effect of solution strengthening is arrived so that the intensity of matrix improves.Preferable binding force and each enhancing between reinforced phase and matrix
Metallurgical binding between phase can all so that reinforced phase is not easily to fall off in process of friction and wear.Have preferably to be cladding layer
Hardness, intensity and wearability.
The present invention is irradiated by high energy beam laser, is prepared by laser melting and coating technique in austenitic stainless steel substrate surface
Aluminium bronze gradient coating, emphasis are used to solve certain long-term metallurgical machinery wearabilities to work under high temperature environment and high temperature
The problem of antioxygenic property difference significantly improves to significantly reduce the production run cost of smelter by the proprietary technology
The service life of metallurgical equipment can be used for the laser manufacture of mechanical equipment and remanufacture industry.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of laser melting coating prepares powder used in aluminium bronze gradient coating, it is characterised in that：Alloy powder include Al,
Nine kinds of elements of Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al constituent contents are that 6-7%wt, Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions.
2. laser melting coating prepares powder used in aluminium bronze gradient coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Fe and Ni element total amounts are 1-12%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 0.5-2%wt, surplus Cu.
3. laser melting coating prepares powder used in aluminium bronze gradient coating according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The purity of alloy powder is not less than 99.9%, and the granularity of powder used is 45-100 μm.
4. a kind of method that powder laser melting coating as described in claim 1 prepares aluminium bronze gradient coating, it is characterised in that：
Preparation method is as follows：
1) base material pre-processes, and austenite stainless steel as matrix material is processed into required sample ruler using numerically controlled wire cutting machine
Very little, base material waits for that laser processing surface 100#, 200#SiC abrasive paper for metallograph is polished, and removes removing oxide layer, until exposing metal light
Alcohol or acetone ultrasonic cleaning, drying for standby is used in combination in pool, then sandblasting；
2) two kinds of metal powder materials of the Cu of the Al of 7%wt and 93%wt are weighed respectively, and the ground and mixed 3h or more in mortar, so
Uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dry 2-5h afterwards, bottom alloy powder is made, is swashed using semiconductor
The method of light system of processing synchronous powder feeding system prepares bottom cladding layer in austenite stainless steel surface, thickness 1-2mm, and impurity≤
0.1%；
3) again by nine kinds of alloy powder material weighings of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein Al elements are 6-7%wt, Fe and
Ni is to wait mass fractions, Fe and Ni element total amounts are 1-12%wt, and Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo element total amount are 0.5-2%wt, remaining
It is Cu to measure, and the ground and mixed 3h or more in mortar, then uniformly mixed powder is placed in 120 DEG C of vacuum drying chambers dry
2-5h；Intermediate layer alloy powder is made, it is molten in above-mentioned bottom using the method for semiconductor laser system of processing synchronous powder feeding system
Clad surface prepares middle level cladding layer, thickness 1-2mm, impurity≤0.1%；
4) surface layer cladding layer is prepared with above-mentioned steps 3), surface layer cladding layer, thickness 1- are prepared on above-mentioned intermediate layer
2mm, impurity≤0.1%.
5. the method that laser melting coating prepares aluminium bronze gradient coating according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described to swash
Optical output power 2.5kW, spot diameter 3mm, sweep speed 20-30mm/s, large-area laser beam scanning overlapping rate are 50%,
It is 10-20L/min that laser melting coating preparation process, which protects gas Ar flows,.
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