CN108315733B - Powder for laser cladding aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Powder for laser cladding aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN108315733B
CN108315733B CN201810158367.4A CN201810158367A CN108315733B CN 108315733 B CN108315733 B CN 108315733B CN 201810158367 A CN201810158367 A CN 201810158367A CN 108315733 B CN108315733 B CN 108315733B
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CN108315733A (en
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张松
陶稀鹏
王冲
宗洧安
崔雪
吴臣亮
张春华
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Shenyang University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only

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Abstract

The invention relates to powder for a laser cladding aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating and a preparation process method thereof, wherein the alloy powder consists of nine elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element accounts for 6-7 wt%, the Fe and Ni are in equal mass fraction, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 1-12 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.5-2 wt%, and the balance is Cu. The novel aluminum bronze gradient coating prepared by adopting the laser cladding technology has multiple excellent performances of high hardness, excellent corrosion resistance, wear resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and the like, can be widely applied to mechanical equipment maintenance and remanufacturing in the fields of metallurgy, electric power, ocean transportation and the like, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.

Description

Powder for laser cladding aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface engineering, and particularly relates to powder for preparing an aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating on the surface of austenitic stainless steel by laser cladding and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Laser surface cladding, also called laser coating, means that the high energy density is more than 104W/cm2Under the action of the laser beam, powder with special performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature oxidation resistance and the like is rapidly melted and solidified, so that a metallurgical bonding alloy layer without defects of cracks, pores and the like is obtained on the surface of a substrate. The gradient coating prepared by laser cladding has the characteristics of low dilution rate, small heat affected zone and gradient change of components and performance. After the surface treatment of the substrate material by laser cladding, the performances of wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of the substrate material can be obviously improved. The laser cladding technology is widely applied to ships, submarines, metallurgical equipment, aviation and the like. The ship submarine runs in the seawater environment for a long timeSeawater corrosion leads to a reduction in its service life. The high-temperature annealing furnace roller in the metallurgical industry has various defects on the surface of the furnace roller due to the long-term high-temperature environment and the early failure of friction and abrasion in the operation process, and the service life of the furnace roller and the surface quality of a processed steel plate are seriously influenced.
Aluminum bronzes eutectoid at 565 ℃ to form detrimental gamma2Phase due to gamma2The phase is a hard and brittle phase and can be corroded firstly in a corrosive environment, so that the whole part is seriously corroded, and the addition of Fe and Mn elements can inhibit gamma2The generation of the phase thereby enhances the corrosion resistance of the aluminum bronze. But on the other hand refined γ2The phase can play a role of a wear-resistant framework during friction and wear, so that the wear resistance of the aluminum bronze is improved.
Therefore, the laser cladding surface modification technology is an urgent problem to solve in order to improve the service life of working mechanical equipment such as submarines and ships in a seawater environment and improve the service life of metallurgical machinery working in a high-temperature environment.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows:
the invention adopts the laser cladding surface modification technology to prepare the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating on the austenitic stainless steel surface, the gradient coating and the base material form good metallurgical bonding, and the phase structure of the gradient coating mainly comprises α -Cu phase and AlCu phase3Phase, kappa (AlFe)3And AlNi3) Phase, Cr-Fe phase. The prepared novel aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating has high mechanical property and high environmental resistance.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the powder for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the alloy powder comprises nine elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the content of the Al element is 6-7 wt%, and the mass fractions of Fe and Ni are equal.
The total amount of Fe and Ni elements is 1-12 wt%, the total amount of Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.5-2 wt%, and the balance is Cu.
The purity of the alloy powder is not less than 99.9 percent, and the granularity of the used powder is 45-100 mu m.
The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by powder laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) pretreating a base material, namely processing an austenitic stainless steel base material into a required sample size by using a numerical control linear cutting machine, polishing the surface of the base material to be subjected to laser treatment by using 100# and 200# SiC metallographic abrasive paper, removing an oxide layer until the metallic luster is exposed, then sandblasting, ultrasonically cleaning by using alcohol or acetone, and drying for later use;
2) respectively weighing two metal powder materials of 7 wt% of Al and 93 wt% of Cu, grinding and mixing the metal powder materials in a mortar for more than 3 hours, then placing the uniformly mixed powder materials in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5 hours to prepare bottom layer alloy powder materials, and preparing a bottom layer cladding layer on the surface of austenitic stainless steel by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and impurities are less than or equal to 0.1%;
3) weighing nine alloy powder materials of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element is 6-7 wt%, the Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 1-12 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.5-2 wt%, and the balance is Cu, grinding and mixing the alloy powder materials in a mortar for more than 3 hours, and then placing the uniformly mixed powder materials in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5 hours; preparing intermediate transition layer alloy powder, and preparing an intermediate layer cladding layer on the surface of the bottom cladding layer by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%;
4) the preparation of the surface layer cladding layer is the same as the step 3) above, and the surface layer cladding layer is prepared on the intermediate transition layer, wherein the thickness of the surface layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%.
The laser output power is 2.5kW, the spot diameter is 3mm, the scanning speed is 20-30mm/s, the large-area laser beam scanning overlap ratio is 50%, and the flow of protective gas Ar in the laser cladding preparation process is 10-20L/min.
The advantages and effects are as follows:
the alloy powder of the invention acts on the surface of austenitic stainless steel through a laser irradiation reaction synthesis technology to obtain a high-performance surface modification layer, thereby solving the problem that gamma is caused in a corrosive environment2The existence of the phase causes the corrosion resistance of the aluminum bronze alloy to be reduced. Meanwhile, the surface hardness of the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating is improved due to the addition of Fe, Ni and Cr elements, so that the effect of improving the corrosion resistance and the wear resistance of the surface of the stainless steel material by laser cladding is taken into consideration.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows the surface microstructure of an aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating, in which the bottom layer component is Al 7 wt% and Cu 93 wt%, the middle layer and surface layer component is Al 7 wt%, the mass fractions of Fe and Ni are equal, the total amount of Fe and Ni is 1 wt%, the total amount of Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo is 0.5 wt%, and the balance is Cu;
FIG. 2 shows the surface microstructure of an aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating, in which the bottom layer component is Al 7 wt% and Cu 93 wt%, the middle layer and surface layer component is Al 6.72 wt%, the mass fractions of Fe and Ni are equal, the total amount of Fe and Ni is 4 wt%, the total amount of Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo is 0.8 wt%, and the balance is Cu;
FIG. 3 shows the surface microstructure of an aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating, in which the bottom layer component is Al 7 wt% and Cu 93 wt%, the middle layer and surface layer component is Al 6.44 wt%, the mass fractions of Fe and Ni are equal, the total amount of Fe and Ni is 8 wt%, the total amount of Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo is 1.5 wt%, and the balance is Cu;
FIG. 4 shows the surface microstructure of an aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating, in which the bottom layer component is Al 7 wt% and Cu 93 wt%, the middle layer component and the surface layer component are Al 6 wt%, the mass fractions of Fe and Ni are equal, the total amount of Fe and Ni is 12 wt%, the total amount of Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo is 2 wt%, and the balance is Cu.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a preparation process for preparing an aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating on the surface of austenitic stainless steel by laser cladding. The powder for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding mainly relates to powder for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding, and the alloy powder consists of nine elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo according to design requirements, wherein the Al element accounts for 6-7 wt%, the Fe and Ni are equal in mass fraction, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 1-12 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.5-2 wt%, and the balance is Cu.
The purity of Al, Ni, Fe, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo powder in the alloy powder is not less than 99.9%, and the granularity of the used powder is 45-100 mu m.
The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding of the alloy powder comprises the following steps:
1) pretreating a base material, namely processing an austenitic stainless steel base material into a required sample size by using a numerical control linear cutting machine, polishing the surface of the base material to be subjected to laser treatment by using 100# and 200# SiC metallographic abrasive paper, removing a surface oxide layer until the metallic luster is exposed, then sandblasting, ultrasonically cleaning by using alcohol or acetone, and drying for later use;
2) respectively weighing two metal powder materials of 7 wt% of Al and 93 wt% of Cu, grinding and mixing the metal powder materials in a mortar for more than 3 hours, placing the uniformly mixed powder materials in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5 hours to prepare bottom layer alloy powder materials, and preparing a bottom layer cladding layer on the surface of austenitic stainless steel by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and impurities are less than or equal to 0.1%; the austenitic stainless steel may be 304 stainless steel, 316 stainless steel, 321 austenitic stainless steel and the like;
3) weighing nine alloy powder materials of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element accounts for 6-7 wt%, the Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 1-12 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.5-2 wt%, and the balance is Cu; then grinding and mixing the mixture in a mortar for more than 3 hours; then placing the uniformly mixed powder in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5 h; preparing middle layer alloy powder, and preparing a middle layer cladding layer on the surface of the bottom layer cladding layer by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the middle layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%; the laser output power is 2.5kW, the spot diameter is 3mm, the scanning speed is 20-30mm/s, the large-area laser beam scanning lap joint rate is 50%, and the flow of protective gas Ar in the laser cladding preparation process is 10-20L/min;
4) the preparation of the surface layer cladding layer is the same as the step 3) above, and the surface layer cladding layer is prepared on the surface of the middle layer cladding layer, the thickness of the surface layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
The alloy powder consists of nine elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element is 7 wt%, the Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 1 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.5 wt%, and the balance is Cu. The purity of the alloy powder is not less than 99.9 percent, and the granularity of the used powder is 45-100 mu m.
The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding of the alloy powder comprises the following steps:
1) pretreating a base material, processing a 316 stainless steel base material into a required sample size by using a numerical control linear cutting machine, polishing the surface of the base material to be subjected to laser treatment by using No. 100 and No. 200 SiC metallographic abrasive paper, removing an oxide layer until the metallic luster is exposed, then sandblasting, ultrasonically cleaning by using alcohol or acetone, and drying for later use;
2) respectively weighing two metal powder materials of 7 wt% of Al and 93 wt% of Cu; then grinding and mixing the mixture in a mortar for more than 3 hours; then placing the uniformly mixed powder in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5h to prepare bottom alloy powder, and preparing a bottom cladding layer on the surface of 316 stainless steel by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the bottom cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%;
3) weighing nine alloy powder materials of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element is 7 wt%, the Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 1 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.5 wt%, and the balance is Cu; then grinding and mixing the mixture in a mortar for more than 3 hours; then placing the uniformly mixed powder in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5 h; preparing middle layer alloy powder, and preparing a middle layer cladding layer on the surface of the bottom layer cladding layer by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the middle layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%; the laser output power is 2.5kW, the spot diameter is 3mm, the scanning speed is 20-30mm/s, the large-area laser beam scanning lap joint rate is 50%, and the flow of protective gas Ar in the laser cladding preparation process is 10-20L/min;
4) preparing a surface cladding layer in the same step 3) as the surface cladding layer on the intermediate transition layer, wherein the thickness of the surface cladding layer is 1-2mm, the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%, and an aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating finished product is prepared, wherein the phase structure of the obtained gradient coating is α -Cu, gamma2β', kappa, Cr-Fe phase, average hardness 244HV0.3. A friction and wear test is carried out on the cladding layer in a pin-disc wear mode, the wear time is 10min, the load is 150N, the diameter of a grinding crack is 21mm, the friction disc is made of Ni-based hard alloy, and the rotating speed is 150 r/min. The relative wear resistance was 5.57 (relative wear resistance is the ratio of the amount of wear weight loss of the 316 stainless steel substrate to the test specimen), and the average friction factor was 0.261. High hardness, good corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
As shown in FIG. 1, the microstructure of the outer surface layer of the gradient cladding layer is mainly composed of a reticulated α -Cu phase, and the agglomerated α + gamma-rays appear in some regions2The appearance observation of the cladding layer from the surface to the inside can find that the whole cladding layer consists of a reticular structure α -Cu, β' and a small amount of kappa phase, the reticular structure α -Cu is formed because the cooling speed of the subsurface layer and the middle part of the gradient coating is relatively slow, however, the reticular structure is transformed into a fine needle-shaped structure closer to the base material, because the temperature of the 316 base material is low, the supercooling degree of the area is large, the nucleation rate is large, the solidification of a molten pool is not completed before the crystal is formed, because the existence of elements such as Al, Ni and Fe, the kappa phase can also be formed in the structure, and the small amount of Fe and Cr can also form a Cr-Fe reinforced phase because of high affinity.
Example 2
The alloy powder is prepared by a vacuum gas atomization method and comprises Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements, wherein the Al element is 6.72 wt%, the Fe and the Ni are equal in mass fraction, the total amount of the Fe and the Ni elements is 4 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.8 wt%, and the balance is Cu. The purity of the alloy powder is not less than 99.9 percent, and the granularity of the used powder is 45-100 mu m.
The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding of the alloy powder comprises the following steps:
1) pretreating a base material, namely processing a 316 stainless steel base material into a required sample size by using a numerical control linear cutting machine, polishing the surface of the base material to be subjected to laser treatment by using 100# and 200# SiC metallographic abrasive paper, removing an oxide layer until the metallic luster is exposed, then sandblasting, ultrasonically cleaning by using alcohol or acetone, and drying for later use;
2) respectively weighing two metal powder materials of 7 wt% of Al and 93 wt% of Cu; then grinding and mixing the mixture in a mortar for more than 3 hours; then placing the uniformly mixed powder in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5h to prepare bottom alloy powder, and preparing a bottom cladding layer on the surface of 316 stainless steel by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the bottom cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%;
3) weighing nine alloy powder materials of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element is 6.72 wt%, the Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 4 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.8 wt%, and the balance is Cu; then grinding and mixing the mixture in a mortar for more than 3 hours; then placing the uniformly mixed powder in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5 h; preparing middle layer alloy powder, and preparing a middle layer cladding layer on the surface of the bottom layer cladding layer by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the middle layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%; the laser output power is 2.5kW, the spot diameter is 3mm, the scanning speed is 20-30mm/s, the large-area laser beam scanning lap joint rate is 50%, and the flow of protective gas Ar in the laser cladding preparation process is 10-20L/min;
4) preparing a surface layer cladding layer in the same way as the step 3) on the surface of the middle layer cladding layer, wherein the thickness of the surface layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%, and an aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating finished product is prepared, and the phase structure of the obtained gradient coating is α -Cu, β', kappaAnd a Cr-Fe phase having an average hardness of 271HV0.3. A friction and wear test is carried out on the cladding layer in a pin disc wear mode, the wear time is 10min, the load is 150N, the diameter of a grinding crack is 21mm, the friction disc is made of Ni-based hard alloy, and the rotating speed is 150 r/min. The relative abrasion resistance was 6.85 and the average friction factor was 0.314. The gradient coating has high surface hardness and good corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
As shown in FIG. 2, for the microstructure morphology of the surface layer of the gradient coating, it can be seen from the figure that the structure is mostly α -Cu in a net shape, β ' phase in a needle shape and fine kappa and Cr-Fe phases dispersed and distributed, due to the rapid cooling process of laser cladding, the thermally stable phase β undergoes martensitic transformation to generate β ' and β ' with higher hardness, which can effectively improve the hardness of the cladding layer, the kappa phase is precipitated from α -Cu phase, and the original net structure is retained.
Example 3
The alloy powder consists of nine elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element is 6.44 wt%, the Fe and the Ni are equal in mass fraction, the total amount of the Fe and the Ni elements is 8 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 1.5 wt%, and the balance is Cu. The purity of the alloy powder is not less than 99.9 percent, and the granularity of the coating powder is 45-100 mu m.
The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding of the alloy powder comprises the following steps:
1) pretreating a base material, processing a 316 stainless steel base material into a required sample size by using a numerical control linear cutting machine, polishing the surface of the base material to be subjected to laser treatment by using No. 100 and No. 200 SiC metallographic abrasive paper, removing an oxide layer until the metallic luster is exposed, then sandblasting, ultrasonically cleaning by using alcohol or acetone, and drying for later use;
2) respectively weighing two metal powder materials of 7 wt% of Al and 93 wt% of Cu; then grinding and mixing the mixture in a mortar for more than 3 hours; then placing the uniformly mixed powder in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5h to prepare bottom alloy powder, and preparing a bottom cladding layer on the surface of 316 stainless steel by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the bottom cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%;
3) weighing nine alloy powder materials of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element is 6.44 wt%, the Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 8 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 1.5 wt%, and the balance is Cu, grinding and mixing the alloy powder materials in a mortar for more than 3 hours, and then placing the uniformly mixed powder materials in a 120 ℃ vacuum drying box for drying for 2-5 hours to prepare the middle-layer alloy powder material. Preparing a middle-layer cladding layer on the surface of the bottom-layer cladding layer by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the middle-layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%; the laser output power is 2.5kW, the spot diameter is 3mm, the scanning speed is 20-30mm/s, the large-area laser beam scanning lap joint rate is 50%, and the flow of protective gas Ar in the laser cladding preparation process is 10-20L/min;
4) preparing a surface cladding layer in the same way as the step 3) above, preparing the surface cladding layer on the intermediate transition layer, wherein the thickness of the surface cladding layer is 1-2mm, the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%, and preparing the finished product of the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating, the phase structure of the obtained gradient coating is α -Cu, β', kappa and Cr-Fe phase, the average hardness of the obtained gradient coating is 276HV0.3. A friction and wear test is carried out on the cladding layer in a pin-disc wear mode, the wear time is 10min, the load is 150N, the diameter of a grinding crack is 21mm, the friction disc is made of Ni-based hard alloy, and the rotating speed is 150 r/min. The relative abrasion resistance was 5.06 and the average friction factor was 0.263. The obtained gradient coating has high hardness and good corrosion resistance and wear resistance.
As shown in FIG. 3, for the microstructure morphology of the surface layer of the gradient coating, it can be seen that the gradient coating mainly presents a cellular crystal, a network α -Cu phase, a white needle-shaped β ' phase, a kappa phase in a petal-shaped, dot-shaped distribution and a spherical Cr-Fe spherical phase, because the temperature gradient at the surface is intersected with the actual crystallization temperature T in a small amount, the cellular crystal structure can appear under the condition of less undercooling, the main composition phase at the surface is a α phase, a β ' phase and a dispersed fine-shaped kappa phase, the addition of Ni element can increase the tempering resistance of the aluminum bronze alloy in the laser cladding process, and a large amount of β ' particle precipitation phase can be generated in the laser multiple irradiation, and the granular β ' phase precipitated from a α phase can not cause coarsening of α phase grains, because the β ' phase preferentially precipitates at the grain boundary of an α phase in the laser multiple irradiation process, thereby inhibiting grain boundary refinement, thereby playing a role of wear resistance, and the kappa phase and the Cr-Fe-Cr-Fe phase both play a role of strengthening and a second phase with superior hardness and a superior hardness.
Example 4
The alloy powder consists of nine elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element is 6 wt%, the Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 12 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 2 wt%, and the balance is Cu. The purity of the alloy powder is not less than 99.9 percent, and the granularity of the coating powder is 45-100 mu m.
The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding of the alloy powder comprises the following steps:
1) pretreating a base material, namely processing a 316 stainless steel base material into a required sample size by using a numerical control linear cutting machine, polishing the surface of the base material to be subjected to laser treatment by using 100# and 200# SiC metallographic abrasive paper, removing an oxide layer until the metallic luster is exposed, then sandblasting, ultrasonically cleaning by using alcohol or acetone, and drying for later use;
2) respectively weighing two metal powder materials of 7 wt% of Al and 93 wt% of Cu; grinding and mixing the mixture in a mortar for more than 3 hours, then placing the uniformly mixed powder in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5 hours to prepare bottom alloy powder, and preparing a bottom cladding layer on the surface of 316 stainless steel by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the bottom cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%;
3) respectively weighing nine alloy powder materials of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element is 6 wt%, the Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 12 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 2 wt%, and the balance is Cu; grinding and mixing the mixture in a mortar for more than 3 hours, and drying the uniformly mixed powder in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 2-5 hours; preparing intermediate transition layer alloy powder, and preparing an intermediate layer cladding layer on the surface of the bottom cladding layer by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%; the laser output power is 2.5kW, the spot diameter is 3mm, the scanning speed is 20-30mm/s, the large-area laser beam scanning lap joint rate is 50%, and the flow of protective gas Ar in the laser cladding preparation process is 10-20L/min;
4) preparing a surface layer cladding layer on the surface of the middle layer cladding layer in the same step 3), wherein the thickness of the surface layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%, and the obtained aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating finished product is prepared, the phase structure of the obtained gradient coating is α -Cu, β', kappa and Cr-Fe phase, the average hardness of the obtained gradient coating is 350HV0.3. A friction and wear test is carried out on the cladding layer in a pin disc wear mode, the wear time is 10min, the load is 150N, the diameter of a grinding crack is 21mm, the friction disc is made of Ni-based hard alloy, and the rotating speed is 150 r/min. The relative abrasion resistance was 4.44 and the average friction factor was 0.334. High hardness and good wear resistance.
As shown in FIG. 4, for the microstructure morphology of the surface layer of the gradient coating, it can be seen that α -Cu, β', kappa and Cr-Fe are mainly contained in the gradient coating, because the content of Fe and Ni is more, the driving force of the formed kappa phase front is larger, so that the formed kappa phase is coarser, most of the Fe phase forms α -Fe phase and combines with Cr in the melt to form Cr-Fe spherical phase, the hardness of the kappa phase is about 530HV0.3While the hardness of the Fe-Cr spherical phase is about 900HV0.3At the same time, other alloy elements in the melt can be dissolved in α -Cu matrix in a solid solution mode, the solid solution strengthening effect is achieved on the matrix phase of the cladding layer, the strength of the matrix is improved, and the better bonding force between the reinforcing phase and the matrix and the metallurgical bonding between the reinforcing phases can prevent the reinforcing phases from being combined in the friction and wear processIs easy to fall off. Therefore, the cladding layer has better hardness, strength and wear resistance.
The invention prepares the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating on the surface of the austenitic stainless steel base material by high-energy beam laser irradiation and a laser cladding technology, is mainly used for solving the problems of poor wear resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance of certain metallurgical machinery working in a high-temperature environment for a long time, is expected to remarkably reduce the production and operation cost of metallurgical enterprises by the special technology and remarkably prolong the service life of metallurgical equipment, and can be used for the laser manufacturing and remanufacturing industries of mechanical equipment.

Claims (4)

1. The powder for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: the alloy powder comprises nine elements of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the content of the Al element is 6-7 wt%, and the Fe and the Ni are equal in mass fraction;
the total amount of Fe and Ni elements is 1-12 wt%, the total amount of Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.5-2 wt%, and the balance is Cu.
2. The powder for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the purity of the alloy powder is not less than 99.9 percent, and the granularity of the used powder is 45-100 mu m.
3. The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by powder laser cladding as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) pretreating a base material, namely processing an austenitic stainless steel base material into a required sample size by using a numerical control linear cutting machine, polishing the surface of the base material to be subjected to laser treatment by using 100# and 200# SiC metallographic abrasive paper, removing an oxide layer until the metallic luster is exposed, then sandblasting, ultrasonically cleaning by using alcohol or acetone, and drying for later use;
2) respectively weighing two metal powder materials of 7 wt% of Al and 93 wt% of Cu, grinding and mixing the metal powder materials in a mortar for more than 3 hours, then placing the uniformly mixed powder materials in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5 hours to prepare bottom layer alloy powder materials, and preparing a bottom layer cladding layer on the surface of austenitic stainless steel by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the bottom layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and impurities are less than or equal to 0.1%;
3) weighing nine alloy powder materials of Al, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo, wherein the Al element is 6-7 wt%, the Fe and Ni are equal mass fractions, the total amount of the Fe and Ni elements is 1-12 wt%, the total amount of the Mn, Si, Cr, B and Mo elements is 0.5-2 wt%, and the balance is Cu, grinding and mixing the alloy powder materials in a mortar for more than 3 hours, and then placing the uniformly mixed powder materials in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for drying for 2-5 hours; preparing intermediate transition layer alloy powder, and preparing an intermediate layer cladding layer on the surface of the bottom cladding layer by adopting a method of synchronously feeding powder by a semiconductor laser processing system, wherein the thickness of the intermediate layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%;
4) the preparation of the surface layer cladding layer is the same as the step 3) above, and the surface layer cladding layer is prepared on the intermediate transition layer, wherein the thickness of the surface layer cladding layer is 1-2mm, and the impurity content is less than or equal to 0.1%.
4. The method for preparing the aluminum bronze alloy gradient coating by laser cladding according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the laser output power is 2.5kW, the spot diameter is 3mm, the scanning speed is 20-30mm/s, the large-area laser beam scanning overlap ratio is 50%, and the flow of protective gas Ar in the laser cladding preparation process is 10-20L/min.
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