CN110421261B - Laser welding method for titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal added with composite intermediate layer - Google Patents
Laser welding method for titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal added with composite intermediate layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110421261B CN110421261B CN201910771241.9A CN201910771241A CN110421261B CN 110421261 B CN110421261 B CN 110421261B CN 201910771241 A CN201910771241 A CN 201910771241A CN 110421261 B CN110421261 B CN 110421261B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
- B23K26/24—Seam welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
- B23K2103/24—Ferrous alloys and titanium or alloys thereof
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal laser welding method with a composite intermediate layer, which aims at the brittleness problem of a titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal joint, adopts laser as a welding heat source, adopts a TA2/Q235 explosion welding composite plate as the intermediate layer, avoids Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds in the welding process by accurately controlling welding process parameters, reduces the brittleness of the joint, adopts laser double-pass welding to obtain a high-quality and high-efficiency welding joint of dissimilar metal materials comprising a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding line, an unmelted TA2, a TA2-Q235 explosion welding interface, unmelted Q235 and a Q235-stainless steel welding line, and comprises the following process steps: the method comprises the steps of plate assembly and clamping, pre-tightening force adjustment of a titanium alloy-TA 2/Q235 explosion welding composite intermediate layer-stainless steel contact surface, and welding of laser on the titanium alloy-TA 2 contact surface and the Q235-stainless steel contact surface respectively to achieve connection of titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding method of titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal with a composite intermediate layer.
Background
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in various industrial fields due to their advantages of high toughness, high specific strength, good high temperature resistance, low density, good fatigue resistance, etc. In the aerospace field, titanium and its alloys have become essential components to replace metal materials such as nickel-based alloys and copper alloys which are prone to corrosion. However, titanium alloys have limited applications due to their high manufacturing cost, poor welding and machining properties, and poor creep resistance. Stainless steel is the most common structural material at present, and has a series of excellent properties such as weldability, wear resistance and mechanical properties, and the cost is relatively low. Although stainless steel is far inferior to titanium alloy in corrosion resistance and has a large specific gravity. However, if the titanium alloy and the stainless steel are connected together by welding, the welding structure of the titanium alloy and the stainless steel combines the good weldability of the stainless steel and the excellent corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy, and the combination realizes the complementary advantages of the two materials in performance. However, since titanium alloys have poor weldability with stainless steel, a large amount of Ti — Fe intermetallic compounds having high brittleness are easily generated in the welded joint. In addition, since the difference in physical and chemical properties between titanium alloy and stainless steel is significant, there is a large residual stress in the joint, which may degrade the mechanical properties of the joint.
Currently, the general approach to solve this problem is to add an intermediate layer (copper, nickel, cobalt, vanadium) between the titanium alloy and the stainless steel to reduce the content of Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds formed in the titanium alloy-stainless steel fusion welded joint and improve the mechanical properties of the joint, but to introduce new brittle compounds, such as Ti-Cu compounds, into the joint. In addition, regardless of the type of intermediate layer added, as long as the intermediate layer is completely melted, the Ti and Fe elements mix and react in the weld pool, creating Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds in the weld. By combining the two reasons, the performance of the welding joint is improved to a small extent when the titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal is subjected to fusion welding by adopting a mode of adding the intermediate layer at present.
Firstly, the incompletely melted composite intermediate layer is remained in the joint, so that the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti and Fe elements can be prevented, and the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds in the welding process can be avoided. TA2 and Q235 were chosen as the constituent materials of the composite intermediate layer to achieve this form of titanium alloy-stainless steel welding. When TA2/Q235 is adopted as the composite intermediate layer, the welding joint comprises a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding line, a Q235-stainless steel welding line and an unmelted composite intermediate layer; the function of the unmelted composite interlayer is to prevent the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti and Fe elements, thereby avoiding the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds. The tensile strength of the titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam can reach 716MPa, and the tensile strength of the Q235-stainless steel welding seam can reach 650 MPa.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal laser welding method with a composite intermediate layer, which aims at the brittleness problem of joints, adopts laser as a welding heat source, adopts a TA2/Q235 composite layer as the intermediate layer, and adopts double-pass welding to obtain a welding joint comprising a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding line, an unmelted TA2, a TA2-Q235 explosive welding interface, an unmelted Q235 and a Q235-stainless steel welding line. Thus, unmelted TA2 and Q235 prevented the mixing and interdiffusion of the Ti and Fe elements, completely avoiding the formation of Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds in the joint. Meanwhile, other intermetallic compounds do not exist in the titanium alloy-TA 2 welding line and the Q235-stainless steel welding line, the microstructure of the welding line is improved, and the mechanical property of the joint is improved.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
a laser welding method of titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal added with a composite intermediate layer comprises the following process steps:
a) the joint form is as follows: the connector is in an I-shaped groove butt joint mode, the composite intermediate layer is in an explosion welding mode, the thickness of the composite intermediate layer is 4mm, and certain pre-tightening force is ensured to exist on a titanium-composite intermediate layer-steel contact surface during assembly welding and clamping;
b) the welding process comprises the following steps: welding by adopting CW laser welding equipment, wherein the laser power is 450-550W; the defocusing amount is 0 to +5 mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the protective gas is 20-30L/min; by optimizing welding parameters, the generation of non-fusion and undercut welding defects is prevented, the surface forming of a welding seam is improved, and the welding quality is improved;
c) during the first welding, laser spots irradiate on the contact surface of the titanium alloy-TA 2 to melt part of the titanium alloy and TA2 to form a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam; during the second welding, laser spots are irradiated on the Q235-stainless steel contact surface, so that part of Q235 and stainless steel are melted to form a Q235-stainless steel welding seam; in the first welding process, TA2 is prevented from being completely melted by adjusting welding parameters; during the second welding, Q235 is prevented from being completely melted by adjusting welding parameters;
d) in the joint, an unmelted TA2/Q235 composite intermediate layer with a certain thickness is arranged between a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding line and a Q235-stainless steel welding line, and the unmelted TA2/Q235 composite intermediate layer has the function of preventing the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti and Fe elements, so that the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds is avoided;
e) respectively selecting intermediate layers with physical and chemical properties similar to those of parent metals on two sides of the intermediate layers, and connecting the intermediate layers through explosive welding; therefore, the microstructure of the welding seams at two sides is controlled, the joint with better weldability is obtained, any intermetallic compound is inhibited from being formed in the welding seams at two sides, and the brittleness of the joint is greatly reduced.
Preferably, in the step (3), a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam, a TA2/Q235 explosive welding interface, a Q235-stainless steel welding seam and an unmelted composite intermediate layer are contained in the welding joint; the function of the unmelted composite interlayer is to prevent the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti and Fe elements, thereby avoiding the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds.
Preferably, in the step (4), by precisely controlling the welding parameters, the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds in the titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam and the Q235-stainless steel welding seam is avoided, so that the brittleness of the joint is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the laser welding process is stable, the weld joint is attractive in appearance, the welding process has no defects of cracks, air holes, undercut, incomplete penetration and incomplete fusion welding, and the welding process has good performance.
(2) The titanium alloy-composite intermediate layer-stainless steel is subjected to double-pass laser welding to finally obtain a high-quality and high-efficiency welded joint of dissimilar metal materials comprising a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam, an unmelted TA2, TA2-Q235 explosive welding interface, an unmelted Q235 and a Q235-stainless steel welding seam. In a tensile strength test, the joint is broken in the unmelted composite intermediate layer, and the tensile strength reaches 548 MPa.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a TA2/Q235 composite intermediate structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a titanium alloy-stainless steel laser welding method and joint structure; in fig. 2: (a) the method comprises the following steps of (a) schematically representing a welding process, (b) representing a first welding step, and (c) representing a second welding step; in 4, (a) is a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding line low-magnification photograph, (b) is a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding line high-magnification photograph, (c) is a TA2-Q235 explosion welding interface low-magnification photograph, (d) is a TA2-Q235 explosion welding interface high-magnification photograph, (e) is a Q235-stainless steel welding line low-magnification photograph, and (f) is a Q235-stainless steel welding line high-magnification photograph;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a titanium alloy-stainless steel joint;
FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the microstructure of a titanium alloy-stainless steel joint.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a laser welding method of titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal added with a composite intermediate layer comprises the following process steps:
a) the joint form is as follows: the connector is in an I-shaped groove butt joint mode, the composite intermediate layer is in an explosion welding mode, the thickness of the composite intermediate layer is 4mm, and certain pre-tightening force is ensured to exist on a titanium-composite intermediate layer-steel contact surface during assembly welding and clamping;
b) the welding process comprises the following steps: welding by adopting CW laser welding equipment, wherein the laser power is 450-550W; the defocusing amount is 0 to +5 mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the protective gas is 20-30L/min; by optimizing welding parameters, the generation of non-fusion and undercut welding defects is prevented, the surface forming of a welding seam is improved, and the welding quality is improved;
c) during the first welding, laser spots irradiate on the contact surface of the titanium alloy-TA 2 to melt part of the titanium alloy and TA2 to form a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam; during the second welding, laser spots are irradiated on the Q235-stainless steel contact surface, so that part of Q235 and stainless steel are melted to form a Q235-stainless steel welding seam; in the first welding process, TA2 is prevented from being completely melted by adjusting welding parameters; during the second welding, Q235 is prevented from being completely melted by adjusting welding parameters;
d) in the joint, an unmelted TA2/Q235 composite intermediate layer with a certain thickness is arranged between a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding line and a Q235-stainless steel welding line, and the unmelted TA2/Q235 composite intermediate layer has the function of preventing the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti and Fe elements, so that the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds is avoided;
e) the intermediate layers with physical and chemical properties similar to those of the parent materials on the two sides are respectively selected and connected through explosive welding. Therefore, the microstructure of the welding seams at two sides is controlled, the joint with better weldability is obtained, any intermetallic compound is inhibited from being formed in the welding seams at two sides, and the brittleness of the joint is greatly reduced.
Further, in the step (4), a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam, a TA2/Q235 explosive welding interface, a Q235-stainless steel welding seam and an unmelted composite intermediate layer are included in the welding joint. The function of the unmelted composite interlayer is to prevent the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti and Fe elements, thereby avoiding the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds.
Further, in the step (5), by precisely controlling the welding parameters, the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds in the titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam and the Q235-stainless steel welding seam is avoided, so that the brittleness of the joint is reduced.
Specifically, the method is adopted for welding the dissimilar metals of the stainless steel-titanium alloy, and the TA2/Q235 composite intermediate layer is firstly prepared by explosive welding. Clamping the titanium alloy plate and the stainless steel plate on a welding positioning fixture by using a pressing plate; a TA2/Q235 explosion welding composite intermediate layer with the thickness of 4mm is arranged between the titanium alloy plate and the stainless steel plate, and certain pressure is kept between the titanium alloy plate, the composite intermediate layer and the stainless steel by adjusting pretightening force.
By adopting double welding and accurately controlling welding process parameters, the welding joint comprising a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam, a TA2/Q235 explosive welding interface and a Q235-stainless steel welding seam is obtained. In this case, the formation of Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds is completely avoided during the laser welding. Meanwhile, by accurately controlling the laser incidence point, during the first welding, laser spots irradiate on the interface of the titanium alloy-TA 2, so that the titanium alloy and TA2 part of metal are melted to form a titanium alloy-TA 2 fusion welding seam; during the second welding, laser spots are irradiated on the Q235-stainless steel, so that part of the Q235 and the stainless steel are melted to form a Q235-stainless steel welding seam. Therefore, the formation of Ti-Fe intermetallic compound in the laser welding process can be completely avoided, the new brittleness problem caused by adding the intermediate layer is solved, and the mechanical property of the joint is improved.
Claims (3)
1. A titanium alloy-stainless steel dissimilar metal laser welding method added with a composite intermediate layer is characterized by comprising the following process steps:
(1) the joint form is as follows: the connector is in an I-shaped groove butt joint mode, the composite intermediate layer is in an explosion welding mode, the thickness of the TA2/Q235 composite intermediate layer is 4mm, the thickness of the TA2 layer is 2mm, the thickness of the Q235 layer is 2mm, and certain pre-tightening force of a titanium-composite intermediate layer-steel contact surface is guaranteed during assembly welding and clamping;
(2) the welding process comprises the following steps: welding by adopting CW laser welding equipment, wherein the laser power is 450-550W; the defocusing amount is 0 to +5 mm; the welding speed is 500-700 mm/min; the flow rate of the protective gas is 20-30L/min; by optimizing welding parameters, the generation of non-fusion and undercut welding defects is prevented, the surface forming of a welding seam is improved, and the welding quality is improved;
(3) during the first welding, the offset of the laser is controlled to be 0, namely, a laser spot irradiates on the contact surface of the titanium alloy-TA 2, so that part of the titanium alloy and TA2 are melted to form a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam; during the second welding, controlling the laser offset to be 0, namely irradiating laser spots on a Q235-stainless steel contact surface to melt part of Q235 and stainless steel to form a Q235-stainless steel welding seam; in the first welding process, TA2 is prevented from being completely melted by adjusting welding parameters; during the second welding, Q235 is prevented from being completely melted by adjusting welding parameters;
(4) in the joint, an unmelted composite intermediate layer with a certain thickness is arranged between a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding line and a Q235-stainless steel welding line, and the unmelted composite intermediate layer has the functions of avoiding liquid mixing of parent metals on two sides and preventing mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti and Fe elements, so that a brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compound is prevented from being formed in the welding process;
(5) by respectively selecting the intermediate layers with physical and chemical properties similar to those of the parent materials on the two sides and performing explosive welding connection, the microstructure of the welding seams on the two sides is controlled, the joint with good weldability is obtained, any intermetallic compound is inhibited from being formed in the welding seams on the two sides, and the brittleness of the joint is greatly reduced.
2. The method for laser welding dissimilar metals to titanium alloy-stainless steel with the addition of the composite interlayer according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), a titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam, a TA2/Q235 explosive welding interface, a Q235-stainless steel welding seam and an unmelted composite intermediate layer are contained in the welding joint; the function of the unmelted composite interlayer is to prevent the mixing and mutual diffusion of Ti and Fe elements, thereby avoiding the formation of brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compounds.
3. The method for laser welding dissimilar metals to titanium alloy-stainless steel with the addition of the composite interlayer according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the welding parameters are accurately controlled, so that a brittle Ti-Fe intermetallic compound is prevented from being formed in the titanium alloy-TA 2 welding seam and the Q235-stainless steel welding seam, and the brittleness of the joint is reduced.
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| CN111168242B (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2021-09-17 | 新疆大学 | Laser arc series welding method for connecting TA2/T2 explosion welding composite plates |
| CN112775431B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2023-07-18 | 北京航空航天大学合肥创新研究院 | Laser additive manufacturing method of titanium alloy/stainless steel dissimilar metal member |
| CN113798677B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2024-02-27 | 江苏科技大学 | Welding method of duplex stainless steel and titanium alloy |
| CN114226985B (en) * | 2021-12-25 | 2024-03-29 | 新疆大学 | Welding method for TA2/304 stainless steel composite plate by laser-arc tandem welding |
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