CN108176920A - A kind of electron beam connection method of the high-strength metallurgical binding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal - Google Patents
A kind of electron beam connection method of the high-strength metallurgical binding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN108176920A CN108176920A CN201711436368.2A CN201711436368A CN108176920A CN 108176920 A CN108176920 A CN 108176920A CN 201711436368 A CN201711436368 A CN 201711436368A CN 108176920 A CN108176920 A CN 108176920A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of electron beam connection method of the high-strength metallurgical binding of titanium aluminum dissimilar metal, and this method step is：Test specimen connector to be welded sets the raised platforms along weldment thickness direction respectively on two interfaces of I type joints, and two platforms are isometric in weldment length and width direction, is docking test plate (panel) thickness in the sum of height of thickness direction.Secondly, it carries out pre-welding treatment and optimizes welding parameter of electron beam, complete molten soldering for the first time and connect；Later, in the adjacent titanium side of molten solder joint, second of modified welding is carried out, two weld seams are close but do not intersect.The connection method of the present invention utilizes dissimilar metal high-melting-point difference feature, second is carried out by the adjacent molten soldering road in high-melting-point titanium side to weld, remelting modification is carried out to titanium aluminium combination interface by second of field of welding temperature, it optimizes integration interface phase structure, weaken connector brittleness, special joint structure is used simultaneously, improves root of weld bond strength, increases Joint Reliability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dissimilar metal connection areas, and in particular to the electronics of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys
Beam melts connection method.
Background technology
Being constantly progressive for science and technology proposes higher requirement to the performance of all kinds of struction machine structures, and metal material exists
Structure design in manufacture with being faced with new challenge, multi-level, lightweight, function integration and low-cost design and manufacture
Just becoming the forward position of investigation of materials instantly.However single structure material while continuing to optimize improvement by also gradually facing
The bottleneck of performance.Other than meeting conventional mechanical property, also just like elevated temperature strength, wearability, corrosion resistance, low-temperature flexibility
Etc. various performance requirements.In consideration of it, dissimilar material joining is just obtaining more and more extensive attention, the composite junction of dissimilar metal
Structure can have the advantages of various metals concurrently, by integrating the performance advantage between different materials, will have the function of different characteristics and
Material be connected as a full unit, so as to match industrial production application, promote product comprehensive performance, so, foreign structure
Comprehensive performance will be more than single metal structure.At present, the composite construction of dissimilar metal is in aerospace, shipbuilding, electric power work
The fields such as industry are using more and more extensive.
Titanium alloy is widely used in because its heat resistance is strong, specific strength is high, has good plasticity, toughness and corrosion resistance
The fields such as aerospace, petrochemical industry.Aluminium and aluminium alloy are due to having many advantages, such as that low-density, high intensity become application amount in industry
Maximum non-ferrous metal, is widely applied in the industries such as aviation, automobile, machinery.But there are respective short for two kinds of metals
Plate, expensive and specific strength deficiency limit the extensive use of titanium alloy and aluminium alloy respectively.Therefore, by two kinds of materials into
Row advantage is integrated, and is formed composite construction and is ensured that high-strength bonding strength will push the wider business application of titanium aluminium, meanwhile, it should
Structure is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and has good application prospect in aerospace, automobile, power industry.
Welding for different metal materials, from welding technique operation and mechanism study all than same metal material
Welding is difficult very much, and physical property and chemical property are to determine the weldability of different metal materials, on the one hand, metal material
Physical property (including coefficient of thermal expansion, fusing point and boiling point, thermal conductivity, atom compatibility etc.) influences just the welding of welding itself
Very big, the different physical properties of different metal materials will have an immense impact on to the welding of dissimilar metal.Such as：Material heat
Expansion coefficient difference is big, and the welding deformation for leading to metal material is different, and weld seam can generate larger residual stress, lead to weld seam
Overall performance it is poor；Fusing point and boiling point differ greatly, and can lead to the loss of element in welding process, and mechanical property is difficult to control
System, non-ferrous metal weld this phenomenon and are particularly susceptible appearance etc.；On the other hand, the chemical property difference of metal material is to weld seam
Performance influences also very greatly, and when chemical property difference is larger, different alloying elements is changed between metal can be generated in phase transition process
Object brittlement phase is closed, may be harmless if weld metal zone brittle intermetallic thing is with superfine field trash disperse between alloy grain, but
Be if Intermetallic compound with it is needle-shaped either it is band-like grown between crystal boundary or two kinds of alloys between there is thicker intermetallic
Object transition zone, then Welded Joints can generate tremendous influence, brittle failure easily occurs for welding point.
For aluminium/titanium dissimilar metal combination, since its physical property differs larger, following ask is primarily present in welding
Topic：A. aluminium is easily aoxidized with titanium, the easy scaling loss evaporation of alloying element；B. aluminium occurs instead with titanium under different temperatures, different component
Should, generate a variety of frangible compounds；C. the welding deformation of aluminium and titanium is big, and the thermal conductivity and linear expansion coefficient of aluminium are approximately titanium respectively
16 times and 3 times, welding stress effect under easily generate fire check.Wherein, intermetallic compound is the problem of most critical
Control problem, it is codetermined by Temperature-time-ingredient relationship.Along with the formation of intermetallic phase, welding region becomes
It is crisp, penalty.The phase structure in titanium aluminium system is can be seen that from titanium aluminum binary phasor, solubility very little between aluminium titanium.Work as titanium
Aluminium element mass fraction can form Ti at 13% or so in molten aluminum phase3Al.With the increase of aluminium content in liquid phase, after solidification
TiAl, TiAl can be formed2、Ti2Al5.When main component is aluminium element in liquid phase, liquid phase can form TiAl3.In titanium aluminium system
Complicated intermetallic compound causes the jointing performance of titanium aluminium to be difficult to control, easily brittle failure.
Invention content
Present invention aims at provide a kind of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys to connect with the electron beam of 6061 aluminium alloy dissimilar metals
Method, it is excellent by the way that special field of welding temperature and joint structure is set to carry out remelting modification to titanium aluminium combination interface localized area
Change phase structure at combination interface, weaken connector brittleness, improve root bond strength to solve Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium
The problem of diverse metal alloy bond strength is low.
Realize that the object of the invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
The electron beam connection method of a kind of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys, is as follows：
Step 1, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plate joint structures are prepared, in Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets
One is respectively cut out along weldment thickness direction on two interfaces of the I type joints formed with 6061 aluminium alloy plate connectors
Raised platforms, the step-like joint structure that two docking test plate (panel)s are formed are mutually butted and agree with to form connector to be welded, the protrusion
Platform is isometric in weldment length and width direction, is docking test plate (panel) thickness in the sum of height of thickness direction；
Step 2, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are subjected to pre-welding treatment, including deoiling, decontamination, going
Oxide film dissolving, tooling etc.；
Step 3, vacuum is extracted, sets welding parameter of electron beam：Accelerating potential V, focus current If, X-Y axis deflection currents Ix
And Iy, working depth h, heater current I；
Step 4, setting electron beam line Ib：10-35mA, speed of welding v：10-20mm/s, line rise tu, fall time
td：1.0-3.0s；Electron Beam Focusing is on aluminium sheet, the offset or dish a of beam spot center deviation banjo fixing butt jointing center line1：0.5-
1.5mm is welded, and after electron beam acts on workpiece and forms complete molten bath, is set X-axis horizontal movement, is completed Ti-6Al-4V
First of molten soldering of titanium alloy sheet and 6061 aluminium alloy plates connects, and weld width is denoted as C1；
Step 5, adjustment Electron Beam Focusing position, setting Electron Beam Focusing is in titanium plate, beam spot center deviation banjo fixing butt jointing
The offset or dish a of center line2：1.5-4.5mm, setting electronic beam current Ib：15-30mA, speed of welding v：10-20mm/s, on line
Rise tu, fall time td：1.5-3.0s is welded, and after electron beam acts on workpiece and forms complete molten bath, setting X-axis is horizontal
Movement, the second remelting for completing Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are modified welding, and weld width is denoted as C2,
The weld seam does not intersect with previous molten solder joint.
Further, in step 1, raised platforms width range that the TC4 titanium alloys are connect with 6061 aluminium alloys
a：0 ＜ a ＜ C1；
Further, it is docking test plate (panel) thickness, that is, titanium side podium level d in the sum of height of thickness direction in step 11,
Aluminum side podium level d2It is with test plate (panel) thickness d relationship：d1+d2=d；
Further, in step 2, welding preparation the specific steps are：
Step 2.1, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates position to be welded and adjacent 50mm region surfaces use
Paper grinding wheel and wire brush mechanical grinding expose metallic luster, reuse 280#, 400#, 600# sand paper and finely polish, obtain smooth
Surface to be welded reuses acetone and carries out surface and oil contaminant cleaning；
Step 2.2, the workpiece to be welded for clearing up completion completed welding in 2 hours；
Step 2.3, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are arranged on stainless billet, and pad surfaces are opened
There are diameter 4-8mm semicircular arc slots, to ensure that back of weld is molded；
Step 2.4, the tooling interstice coverage b of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plate banjo fixing butt jointings：It is less than
0.5mm。
Step 2.5, the tooling of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plate banjo fixing butt jointings is with aluminum side test plate (panel) platform
Upper.
Further, in step 3, vacuum includes rifle vacuum and room vacuum, rifle vacuum degree >=8E-3, room vacuum >=7E-
2Pa。
Further, in step 3, the welding parameter that sets as：Accelerating potential V：50-60kV, focus current If：650-
750mA, X-Y axis deflection current IxAnd Iy：0-10mA, working depth h：275-300mm, heater current I：425-450mA.
Further, in step 4 and 5, banjo fixing butt jointing center line joins line for the positive titanium aluminium of test piece for welding.
Further, in step 5, second weld seam is close with first of molten solder joint but does not intersect, and 1/2 (C1+C2)+
3mm≥a2+a2+ b ＞ 1/2 (C1+C2).
Further, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets alloy mass percentage composition is：Ti：89.12%th, Al：6.42%th, V：
4.30%th, Fe：0.05%th, C：0.03%；6061 aluminium alloy plate quality percentage compositions are:Si 0.4%, Fe 0.7%,
Cu0.15-0.4%, Mn 0.15%, Mg 0.8-1.2%, Cr 0.08-0.35%, Zn 0.25%, Ti 0.15%, more than Al
Amount.
The present invention is as follows with remarkable advantage compared with the prior art：
1st, the present invention connects conventional molten pricker welding procedure based on dissimilar metal in titanium aluminum dissimilar metal welding process,
The welding method that aluminum side is slightly biased using first of electronic beam current completes connection, by controlling welding procedure, effectively controls
The distribution of compound and content between nascent unfavorable orientation metal.
2nd, the present invention is in the adjacent titanium side of first time molten solder joint, the huge difference of fusing point between being combined using the dissimilar metal
It is different, the slightly electron beam welding of biasing titanium side is carried out for the second time, which is close with primary molten soldering road but does not intersect, pass through
The field of welding temperature constructs a kind of microcell local weight of intermetallic compounds layer for acting on different-metal material welding combination interface
It is molten, disorderly crystallographic orientation and the Joining Technology for realizing reversely crystallization and interface configuration reconstruct.
3rd, the present invention is designed by special connector, under the welding procedure for effectively solving remelting modification, since aluminium closes
The golden smaller thermal output in side and short high-temperature residence time, so as to be difficult to realize the problem of good titanium aluminium root connects.
4th, the present invention can significantly improve the obdurability of titanium aluminium xenogenesis connector, and tensile strength is compared to conventional molten pricker welding point
About 20% is promoted, connector performance part ductile rupture.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the special joint of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is to complete the structure diagram that molten soldering connects for the first time.
Fig. 3 is to complete second of titanium side biasing welded structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the welding structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that biasing aluminum side melts soldering and connects Fracture scan electron microscope.
Fig. 6 is to melt soldering based on first time aluminum side to connect, then biases the Fracture scan electron microscope that titanium stresses structure welding.
Specific embodiment
The technology of the present invention method is not limited to the specific embodiment of act set forth below, further include each specific embodiment it
Between arbitrary combination.
Ti- is carried out using the ZD60-6A5001 types vacuum electron beam welder of Beijing Aviation manufacturing engineering Research Institute
The electron beam welding of 6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloy plates, Fig. 4 are welding structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment 1
In present embodiment to the electro-beam welding method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys according to the following steps into
Row：
The first step：Prepare the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminum alloy plate materials samples of 100*50*4mm specifications, use
Wire cutting mode cuts out 100*3*1mm titaniums side platform and 100*3*3mm aluminum side platforms in welding surface.Position to be welded and adjacent 50mm
Region surface uses paper grinding wheel and wire brush mechanical grinding, exposes metallic luster, uses 280#, 400#, 600# mesh number sand paper essence
Thin polishing, removes titanium aluminium surface to be welded and periphery 50mm region surface oxide layers, obtains smooth surface to be welded, reuse acetone carry out table
Face cleaning oil pollution.
Titanium aluminum material is Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys respectively, wherein, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys
Plate alloy mass percentage composition is：Ti：89.12%th, Al：6.42%th, V：4.30%th, Fe：0.05%th, C：0.03%；6061 aluminium
Alloy sheets quality percentage composition is:Si 0.4%, Fe 0.7%, Cu 0.15-0.4%, Mn 0.15%, Mg 0.8-1.2%,
Cr 0.08-0.35%, Zn 0.25%, Ti 0.15%, Al surpluses.
Second step：Test piece for welding is assembled, aluminum side platform is located at upper end, gapless closed butt joint, gap error b≤
0.5mm.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are arranged on stainless billet, and pad surfaces are provided with diameter 6mm half
Arc-shaped slot, and make welding position aligned.Meanwhile fixed docking test plate (panel) is in vacuum chamber beam spot surface focus or lower coke
Point position, interface are parallel to the horizontal guide rail direction of motion.
Third walks：Vacuum is extracted, and treats that rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach welding condition, rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach respectively
To 8E-3,7E-2pa, high pressure is loaded, and carry out welding parameter setting.Wherein, beam voltage V：60kV, focus current
If：682mA, welding and assembling height h：295mm, heater current I：430mA；Electronic beam current Ib：27mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-Y
Axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.Start vacuum chamber kinematic system servo to enable, move
Dynamic interface vertical direction, makes Electron beam deflection in aluminum side, amount of bias range：0.8mm.It is welded after completing parameter setting,
Lower beam and after being formed after complete molten bath, starts trunnion axis movement and completes to weld for the first time.
4th step：Servo movement is controlled, makes Electron beam deflection in titanium side, amount of bias 2.5mm extracts vacuum, rifle vacuum,
Room vacuum degree respectively reaches 8E-3,7E-2pa, resets electron beam parameter and is：Beam voltage V：60kV focuses on electricity
Flow If：682mA, welding and assembling height h：295mm, heater current I：430mA；Electronic beam current Ib：23mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-
Y-axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.It is welded after completing parameter setting, lower beam is simultaneously
After being formed after complete molten bath, start trunnion axis movement and complete the welding of second remodeling temperature field.
5th step：Room vacuum deflation, and processing test specimen is taken out, extension test is carried out after removing surface and microcosmic connector combines
Interface is observed, and there are partial remelting, the layer thickness to be thinned for intermetallic compounds layer.
6th step：The tensile strength of connector is 184Mpa, and fracture does not find secondary cracks, there is part Ren Duan areas, and fracture is swept
Retouch electron microscopic picture as shown in Figure 2,3.
Embodiment 2
In present embodiment to the electro-beam welding method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys according to the following steps into
Row：
The first step：Prepare the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminum alloy plate materials samples of 100*50*4mm specifications, use
Wire cutting mode cuts out 100*3*1mm titaniums side platform and 100*3*3mm aluminum side platforms in welding surface.Position to be welded and adjacent 50mm
Region surface uses paper grinding wheel and wire brush mechanical grinding, exposes metallic luster, uses 280#, 400#, 600# mesh number sand paper essence
Thin polishing, removes titanium aluminium surface to be welded and periphery 50mm region surface oxide layers, obtains smooth surface to be welded, reuse acetone carry out table
Face cleaning oil pollution.
Titanium aluminum material is Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys respectively, wherein, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys
Plate alloy mass percentage composition is：Ti：89.12%th, Al：6.42%th, V：4.30%th, Fe：0.05%th, C：0.03%；6061 aluminium
Alloy sheets quality percentage composition is:Si 0.4%, Fe 0.7%, Cu 0.15-0.4%, Mn 0.15%, Mg 0.8-1.2%,
Cr 0.08-0.35%, Zn 0.25%, Ti 0.15%, Al surpluses.
Second step：Test piece for welding is assembled, aluminum side platform is located at upper end, gapless closed butt joint, gap error b≤
0.5mm.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are arranged on stainless billet, and pad surfaces are provided with diameter 6mm half
Arc-shaped slot, and make welding position aligned.Meanwhile fixed docking test plate (panel) is in vacuum chamber beam spot surface focus or lower coke
Point position, interface are parallel to the horizontal guide rail direction of motion.
Third walks：Vacuum is extracted, and treats that rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach welding condition, rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach respectively
To 8E-3,7E-2pa, high pressure is loaded, and carry out welding parameter setting.Wherein, beam voltage V：60kV, focus current
If：685mA, welding and assembling height h：289mm, heater current I：430mA；Electronic beam current Ib：25mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-Y
Axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.Start vacuum chamber kinematic system servo to enable, move
Dynamic interface vertical direction, makes Electron beam deflection in aluminum side, amount of bias range：0.6mm.It is welded after completing parameter setting,
Lower beam and after being formed after complete molten bath, starts trunnion axis movement and completes to weld for the first time.
4th step：Servo movement is controlled, makes Electron beam deflection in titanium side, amount of bias 2.5mm extracts vacuum, rifle vacuum,
Room vacuum degree respectively reaches 8E-3,7E-2pa, resets electron beam parameter and is：Beam voltage V：60kV focuses on electricity
Flow If：685mA, welding and assembling height h：295mm, heater current I：430mA；Electronic beam current Ib：23mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-
Y-axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.It is welded after completing parameter setting, lower beam is simultaneously
After being formed after complete molten bath, start trunnion axis movement and complete the welding of second remodeling temperature field.
5th step：Room vacuum deflation, and processing test specimen is taken out, extension test is carried out after removing surface and microcosmic connector combines
Interface is observed, and there are partial remelting, the layer thickness to be thinned for intermetallic compounds layer.
6th step：The tensile strength of connector is 178Mpa, and fracture does not find secondary cracks, and part toughness is presented.
Embodiment 3
In present embodiment to the electro-beam welding method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys according to the following steps into
Row：
The first step：Prepare the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminum alloy plate materials samples of 100*50*4mm specifications, use
Wire cutting mode cuts out 100*3*1mm titaniums side platform and 100*3*3mm aluminum side platforms in welding surface.Position to be welded and adjacent 50mm
Region surface uses paper grinding wheel and wire brush mechanical grinding, exposes metallic luster, uses 280#, 400#, 600# mesh number sand paper essence
Thin polishing, removes titanium aluminium surface to be welded and periphery 50mm region surface oxide layers, obtains smooth surface to be welded, reuse acetone carry out table
Face cleaning oil pollution.
Titanium aluminum material is Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys respectively, wherein, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys
Plate alloy mass percentage composition is：Ti：89.12%th, Al：6.42%th, V：4.30%th, Fe：0.05%th, C：0.03%；6061 aluminium
Alloy sheets quality percentage composition is:Si 0.4%, Fe 0.7%, Cu 0.15-0.4%, Mn 0.15%, Mg 0.8-1.2%,
Cr 0.08-0.35%, Zn 0.25%, Ti 0.15%, Al surpluses.
Second step：Test piece for welding is assembled, aluminum side platform is located at upper end, gapless closed butt joint, gap error b≤
0.5mm.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are arranged on stainless billet, and pad surfaces are provided with diameter 6mm half
Arc-shaped slot, and make welding position aligned.Meanwhile fixed docking test plate (panel) is in vacuum chamber beam spot surface focus or lower coke
Point position, interface are parallel to the horizontal guide rail direction of motion.
Third walks：Vacuum is extracted, and treats that rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach welding condition, rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach respectively
To 8E-3,7E-2pa, high pressure is loaded, and carry out welding parameter setting.Wherein, beam voltage V：60kV, focus current
If：681mA, welding and assembling height h：297mm, heater current I：435mA；Electronic beam current Ib：28mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-Y
Axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.Start vacuum chamber kinematic system servo to enable, move
Dynamic interface vertical direction, makes Electron beam deflection in aluminum side, amount of bias range：0.9mm.It is welded after completing parameter setting,
Lower beam and after being formed after complete molten bath, starts trunnion axis movement and completes to weld for the first time.
4th step：Servo movement is controlled, makes Electron beam deflection in titanium side, amount of bias 2.5mm extracts vacuum, rifle vacuum,
Room vacuum degree respectively reaches 8E-3,7E-2pa, resets electron beam parameter and is：Beam voltage V：60kV focuses on electricity
Flow If：681mA, welding and assembling height h：297mm, heater current I：435mA；Electronic beam current Ib：23mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-
Y-axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.It is welded after completing parameter setting, lower beam is simultaneously
After being formed after complete molten bath, start trunnion axis movement and complete the welding of second remodeling temperature field.
5th step：Room vacuum deflation, and processing test specimen is taken out, extension test is carried out after removing surface and microcosmic connector combines
Interface is observed, and there are partial remelting, the layer thickness to be thinned for intermetallic compounds layer.
6th step：The tensile strength of connector is 181Mpa, and fracture does not find secondary cracks, and part toughness is presented.
Embodiment 4
In present embodiment to the electro-beam welding method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys according to the following steps into
Row：
The first step：Prepare the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminum alloy plate materials samples of 100*50*4mm specifications, use
Wire cutting mode cuts out 100*3*1mm titaniums side platform and 100*3*3mm aluminum side platforms in welding surface.Position to be welded and adjacent 50mm
Region surface uses paper grinding wheel and wire brush mechanical grinding, exposes metallic luster, uses 280#, 400#, 600# mesh number sand paper essence
Thin polishing, removes titanium aluminium surface to be welded and periphery 50mm region surface oxide layers, obtains smooth surface to be welded, reuse acetone carry out table
Face cleaning oil pollution.
Titanium aluminum material is Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys respectively, wherein, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys
Plate alloy mass percentage composition is：Ti：89.12%th, Al：6.42%th, V：4.30%th, Fe：0.05%th, C：0.03%；6061 aluminium
Alloy sheets quality percentage composition is:Si 0.4%, Fe 0.7%, Cu 0.15-0.4%, Mn 0.15%, Mg 0.8-1.2%,
Cr 0.08-0.35%, Zn 0.25%, Ti 0.15%, Al surpluses.
Second step：Test piece for welding is assembled, aluminum side platform is located at upper end, gapless closed butt joint, gap error b≤
0.5mm.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are arranged on stainless billet, and pad surfaces are provided with diameter 6mm half
Arc-shaped slot, and make welding position aligned.Meanwhile fixed docking test plate (panel) is in vacuum chamber beam spot surface focus or lower coke
Point position, interface are parallel to the horizontal guide rail direction of motion.
Third walks：Vacuum is extracted, and treats that rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach welding condition, rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach respectively
To 8E-3,7E-2pa, high pressure is loaded, and carry out welding parameter setting.Wherein, beam voltage V：60kV, focus current
If：690mA, welding and assembling height h：295mm, heater current I：435mA；Electronic beam current Ib：28mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-Y
Axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.Start vacuum chamber kinematic system servo to enable, move
Dynamic interface vertical direction, makes Electron beam deflection in aluminum side, amount of bias range：0.8mm.It is welded after completing parameter setting,
Lower beam and after being formed after complete molten bath, starts trunnion axis movement and completes to weld for the first time.
4th step：Servo movement is controlled, making Electron beam deflection, amount of bias 3mm extracts vacuum, rifle vacuum, room in titanium side
Vacuum degree respectively reaches 8E-3,7E-2pa, resets electron beam parameter and is：Beam voltage V：60kV, focus current
If：690mA, welding and assembling height h：295mm, heater current I：435mA；Electronic beam current Ib：23mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-Y
Axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.It is welded after completing parameter setting, lower beam is simultaneously
After being formed after complete molten bath, start trunnion axis movement and complete the welding of second remodeling temperature field.
5th step：Room vacuum deflation, and processing test specimen is taken out, extension test is carried out after removing surface and microcosmic connector combines
Interface is observed, and there are partial remelting, the layer thickness to be thinned for intermetallic compounds layer.
6th step：The tensile strength of connector is 172Mpa, and fracture does not find secondary cracks, and part toughness is presented.
Embodiment 5
In present embodiment to the electro-beam welding method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys according to the following steps into
Row：
The first step：Prepare the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminum alloy plate materials samples of 100*50*4mm specifications, use
Wire cutting mode cuts out 100*3*1mm titaniums side platform and 100*3*3mm aluminum side platforms in welding surface.Position to be welded and adjacent 50mm
Region surface uses paper grinding wheel and wire brush mechanical grinding, exposes metallic luster, uses 280#, 400#, 600# mesh number sand paper essence
Thin polishing, removes titanium aluminium surface to be welded and periphery 50mm region surface oxide layers, obtains smooth surface to be welded, reuse acetone carry out table
Face cleaning oil pollution.
Titanium aluminum material is Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys respectively, wherein, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys
Plate alloy mass percentage composition is：Ti：89.12%th, Al：6.42%th, V：4.30%th, Fe：0.05%th, C：0.03%；6061 aluminium
Alloy sheets quality percentage composition is:Si 0.4%, Fe 0.7%, Cu 0.15-0.4%, Mn 0.15%, Mg 0.8-1.2%,
Cr 0.08-0.35%, Zn 0.25%, Ti 0.15%, Al surpluses.
Second step：Test piece for welding is assembled, aluminum side platform is located at upper end, gapless closed butt joint, gap error b≤
0.5mm.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are arranged on stainless billet, and pad surfaces are provided with diameter 6mm half
Arc-shaped slot, and make welding position aligned.Meanwhile fixed docking test plate (panel) is in vacuum chamber beam spot surface focus or lower coke
Point position, interface are parallel to the horizontal guide rail direction of motion.
Third walks：Vacuum is extracted, and treats that rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach welding condition, rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach respectively
To 8E-3,7E-2pa, high pressure is loaded, and carry out welding parameter setting.Wherein, beam voltage V：60kV, focus current
If：685mA, welding and assembling height h：295mm, heater current I：432mA；Electronic beam current Ib：28mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-Y
Axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.Start vacuum chamber kinematic system servo to enable, move
Dynamic interface vertical direction, makes Electron beam deflection in aluminum side, amount of bias range：0.8mm.It is welded after completing parameter setting,
Lower beam and after being formed after complete molten bath, starts trunnion axis movement and completes to weld for the first time.
4th step：Servo movement is controlled, makes Electron beam deflection in titanium side, amount of bias 2.0mm extracts vacuum, rifle vacuum,
Room vacuum degree respectively reaches 8E-3,7E-2pa, resets electron beam parameter and is：Beam voltage V：60kV focuses on electricity
Flow If：685mA, welding and assembling height h：295mm, heater current I：432mA；Electronic beam current Ib：23mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-
Y-axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.It is welded after completing parameter setting, lower beam is simultaneously
After being formed after complete molten bath, start trunnion axis movement and complete the welding of second remodeling temperature field.
5th step：Room vacuum deflation, and processing test specimen is taken out, extension test is carried out after removing surface and microcosmic connector combines
Interface is observed, and there are partial remelting, the layer thickness to be thinned for intermetallic compounds layer.
6th step：The tensile strength of connector is 167Mpa, and fracture finds secondary cracks, seldom toughness is presented.
Embodiment 6
In present embodiment to the electro-beam welding method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys according to the following steps into
Row：
The first step：Prepare the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminum alloy plate materials samples of 100*50*4mm specifications, use
Wire cutting mode cuts out 100*3*1mm titaniums side platform and 100*3*3mm aluminum side platforms in welding surface.Position to be welded and adjacent 50mm
Region surface uses paper grinding wheel and wire brush mechanical grinding, exposes metallic luster, uses 280#, 400#, 600# mesh number sand paper essence
Thin polishing, removes titanium aluminium surface to be welded and periphery 50mm region surface oxide layers, obtains smooth surface to be welded, reuse acetone carry out table
Face cleaning oil pollution.
Titanium aluminum material is Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys respectively, wherein, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys
Plate alloy mass percentage composition is：Ti：89.12%th, Al：6.42%th, V：4.30%th, Fe：0.05%th, C：0.03%；6061 aluminium
Alloy sheets quality percentage composition is:Si 0.4%, Fe 0.7%, Cu 0.15-0.4%, Mn 0.15%, Mg 0.8-1.2%,
Cr 0.08-0.35%, Zn 0.25%, Ti 0.15%, Al surpluses.
Second step：Test piece for welding is assembled, aluminum side platform is located at upper end, gapless closed butt joint, gap error b≤
0.5mm.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are arranged on stainless billet, and pad surfaces are provided with diameter 6mm half
Arc-shaped slot, and make welding position aligned.Meanwhile fixed docking test plate (panel) is in vacuum chamber beam spot surface focus or lower coke
Point position, interface are parallel to the horizontal guide rail direction of motion.
Third walks：Vacuum is extracted, and treats that rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach welding condition, rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach respectively
To 8E-3,7E-2pa, high pressure is loaded, and carry out welding parameter setting.Wherein, beam voltage V：60kV, focus current
If：678mA, welding and assembling height h：298mm, heater current I：445mA；Electronic beam current Ib：28mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-Y
Axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.Start vacuum chamber kinematic system servo to enable, move
Dynamic interface vertical direction, makes Electron beam deflection in aluminum side, amount of bias range：0.8mm.It is welded after completing parameter setting,
Lower beam and after being formed after complete molten bath, starts trunnion axis movement and completes to weld for the first time.
4th step：Servo movement is controlled, makes Electron beam deflection in titanium side, amount of bias 2.8mm extracts vacuum, rifle vacuum,
Room vacuum degree respectively reaches 8E-3,7E-2pa, resets electron beam parameter and is：Beam voltage V：60kV focuses on electricity
Flow If：678mA, welding and assembling height h：298mm, heater current I：445mA；Electronic beam current Ib：23mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-
Y-axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.It is welded after completing parameter setting, lower beam is simultaneously
After being formed after complete molten bath, start trunnion axis movement and complete the welding of second remodeling temperature field.
5th step：Room vacuum deflation, and processing test specimen is taken out, extension test is carried out after removing surface and microcosmic connector combines
Interface is observed, and there are partial remelting, the layer thickness to be thinned for intermetallic compounds layer.
6th step：The tensile strength of connector is 179Mpa, and fracture does not find secondary cracks, and part toughness is presented.
Embodiment 7.
In present embodiment to the electro-beam welding method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys according to the following steps into
Row：
The first step：Prepare the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminum alloy plate materials samples of 100*50*4mm specifications, use
Wire cutting mode cuts out 100*3*1mm titaniums side platform and 100*3*3mm aluminum side platforms in welding surface.Position to be welded and adjacent 50mm
Region surface uses paper grinding wheel and wire brush mechanical grinding, exposes metallic luster, uses 280#, 400#, 600# mesh number sand paper essence
Thin polishing, removes titanium aluminium surface to be welded and periphery 50mm region surface oxide layers, obtains smooth surface to be welded, reuse acetone carry out table
Face cleaning oil pollution.
Titanium aluminum material is Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys and 6061 aluminium alloys respectively, wherein, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys
Plate alloy mass percentage composition is：Ti：89.12%th, Al：6.42%th, V：4.30%th, Fe：0.05%th, C：0.03%；6061 aluminium
Alloy sheets quality percentage composition is:Si 0.4%, Fe 0.7%, Cu 0.15-0.4%, Mn 0.15%, Mg 0.8-1.2%,
Cr 0.08-0.35%, Zn 0.25%, Ti 0.15%, Al surpluses.
Second step：Test piece for welding is assembled, aluminum side platform is located at upper end, gapless closed butt joint, gap error b≤
0.5mm.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are arranged on stainless billet, and pad surfaces are provided with diameter 6mm half
Arc-shaped slot, and make welding position aligned.Meanwhile fixed docking test plate (panel) is in vacuum chamber beam spot surface focus or lower coke
Point position, interface are parallel to the horizontal guide rail direction of motion.
Third walks：Vacuum is extracted, and treats that rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach welding condition, rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach respectively
To 8E-3,7E-2pa, high pressure is loaded, and carry out welding parameter setting.Wherein, beam voltage V：60kV, focus current
If：682mA, welding and assembling height h：295mm, heater current I：430mA；Electronic beam current Ib：27mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-Y
Axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.Start vacuum chamber kinematic system servo to enable, move
Dynamic interface vertical direction, makes Electron beam deflection in aluminum side, amount of bias range：0.8mm.It is welded after completing parameter setting,
Lower beam and after being formed after complete molten bath, starts trunnion axis movement and completes to weld for the first time.
4th step：Room vacuum is closed, by test piece for welding in being dismantled on stationary fixture, exchanges the back side as welding surface, again
It is fixed, it keeps original welding and assembling height constant and is parallel to interface moving horizontally guide rail.Welding surface is carried out using acetone clear
Reason.
5th step：Vacuum is extracted, and treats that rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach welding condition, rifle vacuum, room vacuum degree reach respectively
To 8E-3,7E-2pa, high pressure is loaded, and carry out welding parameter setting.Wherein, beam voltage V：60kV, focus current
If：682mA, welding and assembling height h：295mm, heater current I：430mA；Electronic beam current Ib：8mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-Y axis
Deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.Start vacuum chamber kinematic system servo to enable, it is mobile
Interface vertical direction makes Electron Beam Focusing in buttcover plate center line, no amount of bias.It is welded after completing parameter setting, under
Beam and after being formed after complete molten bath, starts trunnion axis movement and completes second of root to strengthen welding.
6th step：Servo movement is controlled, makes Electron beam deflection in titanium side, amount of bias 2.5mm extracts vacuum, rifle vacuum,
Room vacuum degree respectively reaches 8E-3,7E-2pa, resets electron beam parameter and is：Beam voltage V：60kV focuses on electricity
Flow If：682mA, welding and assembling height h：295mm, heater current I：430mA；Electronic beam current Ib：23mA, speed of welding v：10mm/s, X-
Y-axis deflection current Ix、Iy：0mA, line up and down time tu、td：1.5s.It is welded after completing parameter setting, lower beam is simultaneously
After being formed after complete molten bath, start trunnion axis movement and complete the welding of third time remodeling temperature field.
5th step：Room vacuum deflation, and processing test specimen is taken out, extension test is carried out after removing surface and microcosmic connector combines
Interface is observed, and there are partial remelting, the layer thickness to be thinned for intermetallic compounds layer.
6th step：The tensile strength of connector is 185Mpa, and fracture does not find secondary cracks, there is part Ren Duan areas, strengthens root
Butt joint intensity in portion's, which has, promotes effect.
The welding parameter and tensile strength of above-described embodiment are as described in table：
Welding experiment records tables of data
In Fig. 1：1.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets, 2.6061 aluminium alloy plates, 3. aluminum side podium level d1, 4. titanium side platforms
Height d2, 5. docking test plate (panel) thickness ds.
In Fig. 2：1.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets, 2.6061 aluminium alloy plates, 3. first times biasing aluminum side melt soldering and connect weldering
Seam, 4. banjo fixing butt jointing center lines, 5. bias aluminum side for the first time melts soldering welding seam center line, 6. docking test plate (panel) thickness ds.
In Fig. 3：1.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets, 2.6061 aluminium alloy plates, 3. first times biasing aluminum side melt soldering and connect weldering
Seam, 4. banjo fixing butt jointing center lines, 5. first times biasing aluminum side, which melts, is brazed welding seam center line, 6. docking test plate (panel) thickness ds, and 7. second
Secondary biasing titanium side weld, 8. biasing titanium side weld center lines.
In Fig. 4：1. biasing aluminum side electron beam line for the first time, 2. second of biasing titanium side electronic beam current, 3.6061 aluminium close
Golden plate, 4.Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets, 5. first time aluminum side offset or dish, 6. second of titanium side offset or dish, the docking of 7. test plate (panel)s
Center line, 8. axiss of a weld.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of electron beam connection method of the high-strength metallurgical binding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal, which is characterized in that be as follows：
Step 1, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plate joint structures are prepared, in Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and
One is respectively cut out along the convex of weldment thickness direction on two interfaces of the I type joints that 6061 aluminium alloy plate connectors are formed
Platform is played, the step-like joint structure that two docking test plate (panel)s are formed is mutually butted and agrees with to form connector to be welded, and the protrusion is put down
Platform is isometric in weldment length and width direction, is docking test plate (panel) thickness in the sum of height of thickness direction；
Step 2, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are subjected to pre-welding treatment, including deoiling, decontamination, go deoxygenation
Change film, tooling；
Step 3, vacuum is extracted, sets welding parameter of electron beam：Accelerating potential V, focus current If, X-Y axis deflection currents IxWith
Iy, working depth h, heater current I；
Step 4, setting electron beam line Ib：10-35mA, speed of welding v：10-20mm/s, line rise tu, fall time td：
1.0-3.0s；Electron Beam Focusing is on aluminium sheet, the offset or dish a of beam spot center deviation banjo fixing butt jointing center line1：0.5-1.5mm,
It is welded, after electron beam acts on workpiece and forms complete molten bath, X-axis horizontal movement is set, completes Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloys
First of molten soldering of plate and 6061 aluminium alloy plates connects, and weld width is denoted as C1；
Step 5, adjustment Electron Beam Focusing position, setting Electron Beam Focusing is in titanium plate, beam spot center deviation banjo fixing butt jointing center
The offset or dish a of line2：1.5-4.5mm, setting electronic beam current Ib：15-30mA, speed of welding v：10-20mm/s, line rise
tu, fall time td：1.5-3.0s is welded, after electron beam acts on workpiece and forms complete molten bath, setting X-axis level fortune
Dynamic, the second remelting for completing Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates is modified welding, and weld width is denoted as C2, should
Weld seam does not intersect with previous molten solder joint.
2. the electron beam connection method of the high-strength metallurgical binding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal according to claim 1, feature exist
In, in step 1, the raised platforms width range a：0 ＜ a ＜ C1.
3. the electron beam connection method of the high-strength metallurgical binding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal according to claim 1, feature exist
In in step 1, in the sum of height of thickness direction to dock test plate (panel) thickness, that is, titanium side podium level d1, aluminum side podium level d2With
Test plate (panel) thickness d relationship is：d1+d2=d.
4. the electron beam connection method of the high-strength metallurgical binding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal according to claim 1, feature exist
In in step 2, the welding preparation step is：
Step 2.1, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates position to be welded and adjacent 50mm region surfaces use paper sand
Wheel and wire brush mechanical grinding expose metallic luster, reuse 280#, 400#, 600# sand paper and finely polish, obtain smooth to be welded
Face reuses acetone and carries out surface and oil contaminant cleaning；
Step 2.2, the workpiece to be welded for clearing up completion completed welding in 2 hours；
Step 2.3, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plates are arranged on stainless billet, and pad surfaces are provided with directly
Diameter 4-8mm semicircular arc slots, to ensure that back of weld is molded；
Step 2.4, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and the tooling interstice coverage b of 6061 aluminium alloy plate banjo fixing butt jointings are set smaller than
0.5mm；
Step 2.5, the tooling of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets and 6061 aluminium alloy plate banjo fixing butt jointings setting aluminum side test plate (panel) raised platforms
Upper.
5. the connection method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets according to claim 1 and 6061 aluminium alloy plates, feature exist
In in step 3, the vacuum includes rifle vacuum and room vacuum, rifle vacuum degree >=8E-3, room vacuum >=7E-2Pa.
6. the electron beam connection method of the high-strength metallurgical binding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal according to claim 1, feature exist
In, in step 3, the welding parameter that sets as：Accelerating potential V：50-60kV, focus current If：650-750mA, X-Y axis deflect
Electric current IxAnd Iy：0-10mA, working depth h：275-300mm, heater current I：425-450mA.
7. the connection method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheets according to claim 1 and 6061 aluminium alloy plates, feature exist
In the banjo fixing butt jointing center line in step 4 and step 5 joins line for the positive titanium aluminium of test piece for welding.
8. the electron beam connection method of the high-strength metallurgical binding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal according to claim 1, feature exist
In, second weld seam is close with first of molten solder joint but does not intersect, in step 5,1/2 (C1+C2)+3mm >=a2+a2+ b ＞ 1/2
(C1+C2)。
9. the electron beam connection method of the high-strength metallurgical binding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal according to claim 1, feature exist
In the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy sheet alloy mass percentage compositions are：Ti：89.12%th, Al：6.42%th, V：4.30%th,
Fe：0.05%th, C：0.03%；6061 aluminium alloy plate quality percentage compositions are:Si 0.4%, Fe 0.7%, Cu 0.15-
0.4%th, Mn 0.15%, Mg 0.8-1.2%, Cr 0.08-0.35%, Zn 0.25%, Ti 0.15%, Al surpluses.
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