CN107931841B - Laser connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal - Google Patents
Laser connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN107931841B CN107931841B CN201711436348.5A CN201711436348A CN107931841B CN 107931841 B CN107931841 B CN 107931841B CN 201711436348 A CN201711436348 A CN 201711436348A CN 107931841 B CN107931841 B CN 107931841B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/323—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material
Abstract
The invention relates to a laser connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals, which comprises the following steps: the joint of the test piece to be welded is characterized in that two abutting surfaces of the I-shaped joint are respectively provided with a raised platform along the thickness direction of the welding piece, the two platforms are equal in length and width directions of the welding piece, and the sum of the heights of the two platforms in the thickness direction is the thickness of the abutting test plate. Secondly, performing pre-welding treatment and optimizing laser welding parameters to complete first welding and brazing; and then, performing second modified welding on the adjacent titanium sides of the fusion welding and brazing seams, wherein the two welding seams are close but not crossed. The connecting method of the invention utilizes the difference characteristic of high melting point of dissimilar metal, carries out secondary welding beside the adjacent welding brazing welding bead on the high melting point titanium side, carries out remelting modification on the titanium-aluminum combination interface through a secondary welding temperature field, optimizes the phase structure at the combination interface, weakens the brittleness of the joint, and simultaneously adopts a special joint structure to improve the combination strength of the root of the welding seam and increase the reliability of the joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dissimilar metal connection, in particular to a laser melting connection method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy.
Background
The continuous progress of science and technology puts higher requirements on the performance of various engineering mechanical structures, and the metal materials face new challenges in structural design and manufacture, and the design and manufacture with multilevel, light weight, integrated functions and low cost are becoming the leading edge of current material research. However, the single structural material is gradually faced with the bottleneck of performance while being continuously optimized and improved. Besides meeting the conventional mechanical properties, the alloy also has various performance requirements such as high-temperature strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low-temperature toughness and the like. In view of this, the connection of dissimilar materials is gaining more and more attention, the composite structure of dissimilar metals can have the advantages of multiple metals, and by integrating the performance advantages between different materials, the materials with different characteristics and functions are connected into a complete unit, thereby matching the industrial production application and improving the comprehensive performance of the product, so that the comprehensive performance of the dissimilar structure will exceed that of a single metal structure. At present, composite structures of dissimilar metals are more and more widely applied in the fields of aerospace, shipbuilding, power industry and the like.
The titanium alloy has strong heat resistance, high specific strength, good plasticity, toughness and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry and the like. Aluminum and aluminum alloys have become the most widely used nonferrous metals in industry due to their advantages such as low density and high strength, and are widely used in the fields of aviation, automobiles, machinery, and the like. However, the existence of short plates of the two metals, high price and insufficient specific strength, respectively, limit the wide application of titanium alloys and aluminum alloys. Therefore, the two materials are integrated to form a composite structure and ensure high connection strength, so that the titanium and aluminum can be promoted to be widely applied commercially, and meanwhile, the structure is more energy-saving and environment-friendly and has good application prospects in aerospace, automobile and power industries.
For welding of dissimilar metal materials, the welding technology operation and mechanism research are much more difficult than the welding of the same metal material, the physical property and chemical property determine the weldability of the dissimilar metal materials, on one hand, the physical properties (including thermal expansion coefficient, melting point and boiling point, thermal conductivity, atomic compatibility and the like) of the metal materials have great influence on the welding of the metal materials, and the different physical properties of different metal materials have great influence on the welding of the dissimilar metal. For example: the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials is large, so that the welding deformation of the metal materials is different, and the welding seam generates larger residual stress, so that the overall performance of the welding seam is poorer; the difference between the melting point and the boiling point is large, so that the element loss in the welding process can be caused, the mechanical property is difficult to control, the phenomenon of non-ferrous metal welding is particularly easy to occur, and the like; on the other hand, the difference in chemical properties of the metal materials has a great influence on the performance of the weld joint, when the difference in chemical properties is great, different alloy elements generate an intermetallic compound brittle phase in the phase transformation process, if the brittle intermetallic compound is dispersed among alloy grains in the form of extremely fine inclusions, the brittle intermetallic compound phase may not be harmful, but if the intermetallic compound grows between grain boundaries in the form of needles or strips, or a thick intermetallic compound transition layer appears between two alloys, the brittle compound phase may have a great influence on the weld joint, and the weld joint is easily brittle.
For the aluminum/titanium dissimilar metal combination, due to its great difference in physical properties, the following problems mainly exist in welding: a. aluminum and titanium are easy to oxidize, and alloy elements are easy to burn and evaporate; b. reacting aluminum and titanium at different temperatures and different components to generate a plurality of brittle compounds; c. the welding deformation of the aluminum and the titanium is large, the thermal conductivity and the linear expansion coefficient of the aluminum are respectively about 16 times and 3 times of those of the titanium, and the aluminum is easy to generate hot cracks under the action of welding stress. Among them, the most critical problem is the control problem of the intermetallic compound, which is determined by the temperature-time-composition relationship. With the formation of intermetallic phases, the weld zone becomes brittle and the properties deteriorate. The phase structure in the titanium-aluminum system can be seen from the titanium-aluminum binary phase diagram, and the solubility between aluminum and titanium is very low. When the mass fraction of aluminum element in the titanium-aluminum liquid phase is about 13 percent, Ti is formed3And Al. With liquid phaseThe increase of the aluminum content can form TiAl and TiAl after solidification2、Ti2Al5. When the main component of the liquid phase is aluminum element, the liquid phase can form TiAl3. The complex intermetallic compound in the titanium-aluminum system makes the performance of the titanium-aluminum connection joint difficult to control and easy to brittle failure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser connection method of dissimilar metals of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that a special welding temperature field and a joint structure are arranged to carry out remelting modification on a local area of a titanium-aluminum bonding interface, the phase structure at the bonding interface is optimized, the brittleness of the joint is weakened, and the bonding strength of the root is improved so as to solve the problem of low bonding strength of the dissimilar metals of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6082 aluminum alloy.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a laser connection method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy comprises the following specific steps:
Further, in step 1, the width range a of the protrusion platform for connecting the TC4 titanium alloy and the 6082 aluminum alloy is: a is more than 0 and less than C1;
further, in step 1, the sum of the heights in the thickness direction is the thickness of the butt-jointed test board, i.e., the height d of the titanium-side raised platform1Height d of aluminum side raised platform2And the thickness d of the test panel are related as follows: d1+d2＝d；
Further, in step 2, the pre-welding treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1, mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper to obtain a flat surface to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surface by using acetone;
step 2.2, the cleaned workpiece to be welded is welded within 2 hours;
step 2.3, arranging a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and a 6082 aluminum alloy plate on a stainless steel backing plate, wherein the surface of the backing plate is provided with a semicircular arc groove with the diameter of 4-8mm so as to ensure the back molding of a welding seam;
step 2.4, the tool clearance range b of the butt joint of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate is as follows: less than 0.3 mm;
and 2.5, arranging a protruding platform of an aluminum side test plate on a tool of the butt joint of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate.
Further, in step 3, a laser working path is set as a welding path of the laser along the center line of the butt-joint test plate.
Further, in step 3, the welding parameters are set as follows: defocus amount: -2- +2mm, beam focal spot d: 0.1-0.5mm, working height h: 180-210 mm.
Further, in the step 3, 99.99% argon is used as the protective gas, the flow of the protective gas is 10-25L/min, and the angle between the gas blowing pipe and the welding plane is 30-60 degrees.
Further, in step 4 or step 5, after a complete molten pool is formed, the laser beam moves horizontally along the X axis, and the laser residence time is set to be 0.5-1.5 s.
Further, in the steps 4 and 5, the center line of the butt joint is a titanium-aluminum cross-connecting line on the front surface of the welding test plate.
Further, in step 5, the second welding seam is close to the first welding and brazing seam but not crossed, and 1/2(C1+ C2) +3mm is more than or equal to a2+a2+b＞1/2(C1+C2)。
Further, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following alloy in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6082 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.7-1.3% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 0.10% of Cu0.4-1.0% of Mn, 0.6-1.2% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.20% of Zn, 0.10% of Ti and the balance of Al.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. in the titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal welding process, based on a conventional welding and brazing process for dissimilar metal connection, the connection is completed by adopting a welding method of slightly offsetting an aluminum side by a first laser beam, and the distribution and the content of nascent unfavorable oriented intermetallic compounds are effectively controlled by controlling the welding process.
2. The invention uses the huge difference of the melting points between the dissimilar metal combinations on the adjacent titanium side of the first melting and brazing seam to carry out the second laser welding slightly offsetting the titanium side, the welding bead is close to but not crossed with the first melting and brazing channel, and a micro-area local remelting, disorderly directional crystallization and realization of reverse crystallization and interface form reconstruction of the intermetallic compound layer acting on the dissimilar metal welding combination interface are constructed through the welding temperature field.
3. The invention effectively solves the problem that the good titanium-aluminum root connection is difficult to realize due to the smaller heat output and the short high-temperature retention time of the aluminum alloy side under the remelting modification welding process through the special joint design.
4. The process can obviously improve the toughness of the titanium-aluminum dissimilar joint, the tensile strength is improved by about 20 percent compared with the conventional welding and brazing joint, and the joint shows partial toughness fracture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a particular fitting of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure for completing the first fusion-soldering.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure for performing a second titanium side offset welding.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the welding structure of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an offset aluminum side fusion braze.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a titanium side re-configuration weld based on a fusion braze joint.
Detailed Description
The technical means of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments listed below, and any combination of the embodiments is also included.
And (3) carrying out laser welding on the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate by adopting a fiber laser, wherein a welding structure schematic diagram is shown in figure 4.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the laser welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6082 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6082 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6082 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.7-1.3% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 0.10% of Cu, 0.4-1.0% of Mn, 0.6-1.2% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.20% of Zn, 0.10% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.3 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a laser surface focus or a lower focus, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: opening fiber laser, adjusting and guiding laser spot focusing position, setting laser beam focusing on the surface of the test plate, setting defocusing amount to be 0mm, programming a working path program of laser along a welding line, and setting laser welding parameters: laser power P: 1.8kW, welding speed v: 10mm/s, the residence time after laser blanking is 1s, and the diameter of a light spot is 0.3 mm.
The fourth step: adjusting the position of the laser spot to focus on the aluminum side, and setting the offset distance a of the center of the beam spot deviating from the center line of the butt joint1：1.0mm。
The fifth step: and opening a gas pressure valve, adjusting the gas flow to be 15L/min, adjusting the gas outlet position of the protective gas, keeping the gas blowing pipe and the welding plane at 45 degrees, enabling the gas blowing pipe to follow the welding molten pool and be positioned on the backward side of the molten pool.
And a sixth step: and opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally opened, starting a laser welding program to finish the first bias aluminum side laser melting brazing welding.
The seventh step: and controlling servo movement to enable the guide laser spot to be offset to the titanium side, adjusting the offset distance to be 3.0mm, and resetting the laser power to be 1.5 kW. And opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally blown out, starting a laser welding program to finish the second bias titanium side laser remelting welding.
Eighth step: and taking down the processed test piece, carrying out tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after the surface is cleaned, wherein the intermetallic compound layer is partially remelted, and the thickness of the layer is reduced.
The ninth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 165Mpa, secondary cracks are not found in the fracture, and the joint has a partial ductile fracture area.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the laser welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6082 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6082 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6082 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.7-1.3% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 0.10% of Cu, 0.4-1.0% of Mn, 0.6-1.2% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.20% of Zn, 0.10% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.3 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a laser surface focus or a lower focus, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: opening fiber laser, adjusting and guiding laser spot focusing position, setting laser beam focusing on the surface of the test plate, setting defocusing amount to be 0mm, programming a working path program of laser along a welding line, and setting laser welding parameters: laser power P: 1.8kW, welding speed v: 10mm/s, the residence time after laser blanking is 1s, and the diameter of a light spot is 0.3 mm.
The fourth step: adjusting the position of the laser spot to focus on the aluminum side, and setting the offset distance a of the center of the beam spot deviating from the center line of the butt joint1：1.0mm。
The fifth step: and opening a gas pressure valve, adjusting the gas flow to be 18L/min, adjusting the gas outlet position of the protective gas, keeping the gas blowing pipe and the welding plane at 45 degrees, enabling the gas blowing pipe to follow the welding molten pool and be positioned on the backward side of the molten pool.
And a sixth step: and opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally opened, starting a laser welding program to finish the first bias aluminum side laser melting brazing welding.
The seventh step: and controlling servo movement to enable the guide laser spot to be offset to the titanium side, adjusting the offset distance to be 3.0mm, and resetting the laser power to be 1.5 kW. And opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally blown out, starting a laser welding program to finish the second bias titanium side laser remelting welding.
Eighth step: and taking down the processed test piece, carrying out tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after the surface is cleaned, wherein the intermetallic compound layer is partially remelted, and the thickness of the layer is reduced.
The ninth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 157MPa, secondary cracks are not found in the fracture, and the joint has a partial ductile fracture area.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the laser welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6082 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6082 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6082 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.7-1.3% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 0.10% of Cu, 0.4-1.0% of Mn, 0.6-1.2% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.20% of Zn, 0.10% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.3 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a laser surface focus or a lower focus, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: opening fiber laser, adjusting and guiding laser spot focusing position, setting laser beam focusing on the surface of the test plate, setting defocusing amount to be 0.5mm, programming a working path program of laser along a welding line, and setting laser welding parameters: laser power P: 1.9kW, welding speed v: 10mm/s, the residence time after laser blanking is 1s, and the diameter of a light spot is 0.3 mm.
The fourth step: adjusting the position of the laser spot to focus on the aluminum side, and setting the offset distance a of the center of the beam spot deviating from the center line of the butt joint1：1.0mm。
The fifth step: and opening a gas pressure valve, adjusting the gas flow to be 18L/min, adjusting the gas outlet position of the protective gas, keeping the gas blowing pipe and the welding plane at 45 degrees, enabling the gas blowing pipe to follow the welding molten pool and be positioned on the backward side of the molten pool.
And a sixth step: and opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally opened, starting a laser welding program to finish the first bias aluminum side laser melting brazing welding.
The seventh step: and controlling servo movement to enable the guide laser spot to be offset to the titanium side, adjusting the offset distance to be 2.5mm, and resetting the laser power to be 1.6 kW. And opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally blown out, starting a laser welding program to finish the second bias titanium side laser remelting welding.
Eighth step: and taking down the processed test piece, carrying out tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after the surface is cleaned, wherein the intermetallic compound layer is partially remelted, and the thickness of the layer is reduced.
The ninth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 160Mpa, secondary cracks appear in the fracture, and the joint has a partial ductile-off zone.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the laser welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6082 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6082 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6082 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.7-1.3% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 0.10% of Cu, 0.4-1.0% of Mn, 0.6-1.2% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.20% of Zn, 0.10% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.3 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a laser surface focus or a lower focus, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: opening fiber laser, adjusting and guiding laser spot focusing position, setting laser beam focusing on the surface of the test plate, setting defocusing amount to be 0.5mm, programming a working path program of laser along a welding line, and setting laser welding parameters: laser power P: 1.9kW, welding speed v: 10mm/s, the residence time after laser blanking is 1s, and the diameter of a light spot is 0.3 mm.
The fourth step: adjusting the position of the laser spot to focus on the aluminum side, and setting the offset distance a of the center of the beam spot deviating from the center line of the butt joint1：1.2mm。
The fifth step: and opening a gas pressure valve, adjusting the gas flow to be 16L/min, adjusting the gas outlet position of the protective gas, keeping the gas blowing pipe and the welding plane at 45 degrees, enabling the gas blowing pipe to follow the welding molten pool and be positioned on the backward side of the molten pool.
And a sixth step: and opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally opened, starting a laser welding program to finish the first bias aluminum side laser melting brazing welding.
The seventh step: and controlling servo movement to enable the guide laser spot to be offset to the titanium side, adjusting the offset distance to be 2.5mm, and resetting the laser power to be 1.6 kW. And opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally blown out, starting a laser welding program to finish the second bias titanium side laser remelting welding.
Eighth step: and taking down the processed test piece, carrying out tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after the surface is cleaned, wherein the intermetallic compound layer is partially remelted, and the thickness of the layer is reduced.
The ninth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 162Mpa, secondary cracks appear in the fracture, and a part of ductile fracture area exists.
Example 5
In the embodiment, the laser welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6082 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6082 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6082 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.7-1.3% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 0.10% of Cu, 0.4-1.0% of Mn, 0.6-1.2% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.20% of Zn, 0.10% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.3 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a laser surface focus or a lower focus, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: opening fiber laser, adjusting and guiding laser spot focusing position, setting laser beam focusing on the surface of the test plate, setting defocusing amount to be 0.5mm, programming a working path program of laser along a welding line, and setting laser welding parameters: laser power P: 1.8kW, welding speed v: 10mm/s, the residence time after laser blanking is 1s, and the diameter of a light spot is 0.3 mm.
The fourth step: adjusting the position of the laser spot to focus on the aluminum side, and setting the offset distance a of the center of the beam spot deviating from the center line of the butt joint1：1.2mm。
The fifth step: and opening a gas pressure valve, adjusting the gas flow to be 16L/min, adjusting the gas outlet position of the protective gas, keeping the gas blowing pipe and the welding plane at 45 degrees, enabling the gas blowing pipe to follow the welding molten pool and be positioned on the backward side of the molten pool.
And a sixth step: and opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally opened, starting a laser welding program to finish the first bias aluminum side laser melting brazing welding.
The seventh step: and controlling servo movement to enable the guide laser spot to be offset to the titanium side, adjusting the offset distance to be 2.5mm, and resetting the laser power to be 1.4 kW. And opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally blown out, starting a laser welding program to finish the second bias titanium side laser remelting welding.
Eighth step: and taking down the processed test piece, carrying out tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after the surface is cleaned, wherein the intermetallic compound layer is partially remelted, and the thickness of the layer is reduced.
The ninth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 160Mpa, secondary cracks are not found in the fracture, and the joint has a partial ductile fracture area.
Example 6
In the embodiment, the laser welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6082 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6082 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6082 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.7-1.3% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 0.10% of Cu, 0.4-1.0% of Mn, 0.6-1.2% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.20% of Zn, 0.10% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.3 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a laser surface focus or a lower focus, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: opening fiber laser, adjusting and guiding laser spot focusing position, setting laser beam focusing on the surface of the test plate, setting defocusing amount to be 0.5mm, programming a working path program of laser along a welding line, and setting laser welding parameters: laser power P: 1.9kW, welding speed v: 10mm/s, the residence time after laser blanking is 1s, and the diameter of a light spot is 0.3 mm.
The fourth step: adjusting the position of the laser spot to focus on the aluminum side, and setting the offset distance a of the center of the beam spot deviating from the center line of the butt joint1：1.2mm。
The fifth step: and opening a gas pressure valve, adjusting the gas flow to be 15L/min, adjusting the gas outlet position of the protective gas, keeping the gas blowing pipe and the welding plane at 45 degrees, enabling the gas blowing pipe to follow the welding molten pool and be positioned on the backward side of the molten pool.
And a sixth step: and opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally opened, starting a laser welding program to finish the first bias aluminum side laser melting brazing welding.
The seventh step: and controlling servo movement to enable the guide laser spot to be offset to the titanium side, adjusting the offset distance to be 3mm, and resetting the laser power to be 1.4 kW. And opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally blown out, starting a laser welding program to finish the second bias titanium side laser remelting welding.
Eighth step: and taking down the processed test piece, carrying out tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after the surface is cleaned, wherein the intermetallic compound layer is partially remelted, and the thickness of the layer is reduced.
The ninth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 148Mpa, secondary cracks appear on the fracture, and the fracture has a partial ductile fracture area.
Example 7
In the embodiment, the laser welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6082 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and a 6082 aluminum alloy plate sample with the specification of 100 x 50 x 4mm, polishing the positions to be welded and the surfaces of adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush machine to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# mesh abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of the titanium and the areas at the periphery of 50mm to obtain a smooth surface to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surface by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6082 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6082 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.7-1.3% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 0.10% of Cu, 0.4-1.0% of Mn, 0.6-1.2% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.20% of Zn, 0.10% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the groove is not formed, the gap is not formed, the welding test plate is tightly butted, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.3 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a laser surface focus or a lower focus, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: opening fiber laser, adjusting and guiding laser spot focusing position, setting laser beam focusing on the surface of the test plate, setting defocusing amount to be 0mm, programming a working path program of laser along a welding line, and setting laser welding parameters: laser power P: 1.8kW, welding speed v: 10mm/s, the residence time after laser blanking is 1s, and the diameter of a light spot is 0.3 mm.
The fourth step: adjusting the position of the laser spot to focus on the aluminum side, and setting the offset distance a of the center of the beam spot deviating from the center line of the butt joint1：1.0mm。
The fifth step: and opening a gas pressure valve, adjusting the gas flow to be 15L/min, adjusting the gas outlet position of the protective gas, keeping the gas blowing pipe and the welding plane at 45 degrees, enabling the gas blowing pipe to follow the welding molten pool and be positioned on the backward side of the molten pool.
And a sixth step: and opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally opened, starting a laser welding program to finish the first bias aluminum side laser melting brazing welding.
The seventh step: and (3) disassembling the welding test plate on a fixing clamp, replacing the back surface as a welding surface, fixing again, keeping the original welding height unchanged and enabling the butt joint surface to be parallel to the horizontal moving guide rail. The soldering surface was cleaned with acetone.
Eighth step: and controlling servo movement to enable the guide laser spot to be offset to the center of the butt joint test plate without offset, and resetting the laser power to be 0.3 kW. And opening a protective gas limiting switch, and starting a laser welding program to finish the second root strengthening welding after the protective gas is normally blown out.
The ninth step: and controlling servo movement to enable the guide laser spot to be offset to the titanium side, adjusting the offset distance to be 3.0mm, and resetting the laser power to be 1.5 kW. And opening a protective gas limiting switch, and after the protective gas is normally opened, starting a laser welding program to finish the third bias titanium side laser remelting welding.
The tenth step: and taking down the processed test piece, carrying out tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after the surface is cleaned, wherein the intermetallic compound layer is partially remelted, and the thickness of the layer is reduced.
The eleventh step: the tensile strength of the joint is 170Mpa, secondary cracks are not found in the fracture, a part of ductile-fracture area exists, and the root strengthening has an effect of improving the strength of a welding sample.
The welding parameters and tensile strength of the above examples are as shown in the table:
welding experiment recording data table:
in fig. 1: 1, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate, 2.6082 aluminum alloy plate, 3. aluminum side platform height d1And 4. height d of titanium side platform2And 5, butting the thickness d of the test plate.
In fig. 2: the method comprises the following steps of 1, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates, 2.6082 aluminum alloy plates, 3, a first offset aluminum side fusion brazing welding seam, 4, a butt joint center line, 5, a first offset aluminum side fusion brazing welding seam center line and 6, the thickness d of a butt joint test plate.
In fig. 3: the method comprises the following steps of 1, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates, 2.6082 aluminum alloy plates, 3, a first offset aluminum side fusion brazing welding seam, 4, a butt joint center line, 5, a first offset aluminum side fusion brazing welding seam center line, 6, butt joint test plate thickness d, 7, a second offset titanium side welding seam and 8, an offset titanium side welding seam center line.
In fig. 4: 1. the laser beam on the aluminum side, the laser beam on the titanium side, 3.6082 aluminum alloy, 4 Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate, 5 focusing aluminum side offset distance, 6 focusing titanium side offset distance, 7 butt joint test plate central line, 8 welding seam central line and 9 protective gas outlet pipe.
Claims (9)
1. The laser connection method for the high-strength metallurgical bonding of the titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step 1, preparing a connector structure of a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and a 6082 aluminum alloy plate, respectively cutting a raised platform along the thickness direction of a welding piece on two butt joint surfaces of an I-shaped connector formed by the connector structure of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate, mutually butting and jointing step-shaped connector structures formed by two butt joint test plates to form a to-be-welded connector, wherein the raised platforms are equal in length and width directions of the welding piece, and the sum of the heights in the thickness direction is the thickness of the butt joint test plate, namely the height d of the titanium side raised platform1Height d of aluminum side raised platform2And the thickness d of the test panel are related as follows: d1+d2＝d；
Step 2, performing pre-welding treatment on the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate, wherein the pre-welding treatment comprises deoiling, decontamination, oxide film removal and tool equipment;
step 3, according to the preset track, calibrating and programming, setting a laser motion path, and setting laser welding parameters: defocusing amount, beam focal spot d, working height h and shielding gas;
step 4, setting laser power P: 1.5-2.0kW, welding speed v: 10-20 mm/s; the laser beam is focused on the aluminum plate, and the center of the beam spot deviates from the offset distance a of the center line of the butt joint1: 0.5-1.5mm, welding, and after the laser beam acts on the workpiece and forms a complete molten pool, horizontally moving the laser beam along the X axis to complete the first welding and brazing of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate, wherein the width of the welding line is marked as C1;
step 5, adjusting the focusing position of the laser beam, setting the laser beam to focus on the titanium plate, and deviating the center of the beam spot from the center of the butt jointOffset distance a of the line2: 2.0-4.5mm, setting laser power P: 1.2-1.6kW, welding speed v: and 10-20mm/s, performing welding, enabling the laser beam to act on the workpiece and form a complete molten pool, enabling the laser beam to horizontally move along the X axis to complete the second remelting modification welding of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate, wherein the width of a welding seam is marked as C2, and the welding seam does not intersect with the previous melting and brazing seam.
2. The laser connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the width range a of the convex platform is as follows: 0 < a < C1.
3. The laser connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the pre-welding treatment step is as follows:
2.1, mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper to obtain a flat surface to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surface by using acetone;
step 2.2, the cleaned workpiece to be welded is welded within 2 hours;
step 2.3, arranging a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and a 6082 aluminum alloy plate on a stainless steel backing plate, wherein the surface of the backing plate is provided with a semicircular arc groove with the diameter of 4-8mm so as to ensure the back molding of a welding seam;
step 2.4, the tool clearance range b of the butt joint of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate is set as follows: less than 0.3 mm;
and 2.5, arranging a protruding platform of an aluminum side test plate on the tool of the butt joint of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6082 aluminum alloy plate.
4. The laser connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3, the laser working path is set to be a welding path of laser along the butt joint center line.
5. The laser connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the set welding parameters are as follows: defocus amount: -2- +2mm, beam focal spot d: 0.1-0.5mm, working height h: 180-210mm, the protective gas adopts 99.99% argon gas for protection, the flow of the protective gas is 10-25L/min, and the angle between the gas blowing pipe and the welding plane is 30-60 degrees.
6. The laser joining method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein in step 4 or step 5, after the complete molten pool is formed, the laser beam moves horizontally along the X axis, and the laser dwell time is set to 0.5-1.5 s.
7. The laser connection method for the high-strength metallurgical bonding of the titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein the center line of the butt joint in the steps 4 and 5 is a titanium-aluminum intersection line of the front surface of the welding test plate.
8. The laser connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 3, characterized in that in step 5, the second welding seam is close to but not crossed with the first welding and brazing seam, and in step 5, 1/2(C1+ C2) +3mm ≥ a2+a2+b＞1/2(C1+C2)。
9. The laser connection method for the high-strength metallurgical bonding of the titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein the alloy mass percentage composition of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate is as follows: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6082 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.7-1.3% of Si, 0.5% of Fe, 0.10% of Cu, 0.4-1.0% of Mn0.6-1.2% of Mg, 0.25% of Cr, 0.20% of Zn, 0.10% of Ti and the balance of Al.
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