CN108176920B - Electron beam connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal - Google Patents
Electron beam connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN108176920B CN108176920B CN201711436368.2A CN201711436368A CN108176920B CN 108176920 B CN108176920 B CN 108176920B CN 201711436368 A CN201711436368 A CN 201711436368A CN 108176920 B CN108176920 B CN 108176920B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0046—Welding
- B23K15/0053—Seam welding
Abstract
The invention relates to an electron beam connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals, which comprises the following steps: and the two butt-joint surfaces of the I-shaped joint are respectively provided with a raised platform along the thickness direction of the welding piece, the two platforms are equal in length and width directions of the welding piece, and the sum of the heights of the two platforms in the thickness direction is the thickness of the butt-joint test plate. Secondly, performing pre-welding treatment and optimizing electron beam welding parameters to complete first welding and brazing; and then, performing second modified welding on the adjacent titanium sides of the fusion welding and brazing seams, wherein the two welding seams are close but not crossed. The connecting method of the invention utilizes the difference characteristic of high melting point of dissimilar metal, carries out secondary welding beside the adjacent welding brazing welding bead on the high melting point titanium side, carries out remelting modification on the titanium-aluminum combination interface through a secondary welding temperature field, optimizes the phase structure at the combination interface, weakens the brittleness of the joint, and simultaneously adopts a special joint structure, improves the combination strength of the root of the welding seam and increases the reliability of the joint.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dissimilar metal connection, in particular to an electron beam melting connection method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy.
Background
The continuous progress of science and technology puts higher requirements on the performance of various engineering mechanical structures, and the metal materials face new challenges in structural design and manufacture, and the design and manufacture with multilevel, light weight, integrated functions and low cost are becoming the leading edge of current material research. However, the single structural material is gradually faced with the bottleneck of performance while being continuously optimized and improved. Besides meeting the conventional mechanical properties, the alloy also has various performance requirements such as high-temperature strength, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low-temperature toughness and the like. In view of this, the connection of dissimilar materials is gaining more and more attention, the composite structure of dissimilar metals can have the advantages of multiple metals, and by integrating the performance advantages between different materials, the materials with different characteristics and functions are connected into a complete unit, thereby matching the industrial production application and improving the comprehensive performance of the product, so that the comprehensive performance of the dissimilar structure will exceed that of a single metal structure. At present, composite structures of dissimilar metals are more and more widely applied in the fields of aerospace, shipbuilding, power industry and the like.
The titanium alloy has strong heat resistance, high specific strength, good plasticity, toughness and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry and the like. Aluminum and aluminum alloys have become the most widely used nonferrous metals in industry due to their advantages such as low density and high strength, and are widely used in the fields of aviation, automobiles, machinery, and the like. However, the existence of short plates of the two metals, high price and insufficient specific strength, respectively, limit the wide application of titanium alloys and aluminum alloys. Therefore, the two materials are integrated to form a composite structure and ensure high connection strength, so that the titanium and aluminum can be promoted to be widely applied commercially, and meanwhile, the structure is more energy-saving and environment-friendly and has good application prospects in aerospace, automobile and power industries.
For welding of dissimilar metal materials, the welding technology operation and mechanism research are much more difficult than the welding of the same metal material, the physical property and chemical property determine the weldability of the dissimilar metal materials, on one hand, the physical properties (including thermal expansion coefficient, melting point and boiling point, thermal conductivity, atomic compatibility and the like) of the metal materials have great influence on the welding of the metal materials, and the different physical properties of different metal materials have great influence on the welding of the dissimilar metal. For example: the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients of the materials is large, so that the welding deformation of the metal materials is different, and the welding seam generates larger residual stress, so that the overall performance of the welding seam is poorer; the difference between the melting point and the boiling point is large, so that the element loss in the welding process can be caused, the mechanical property is difficult to control, the phenomenon of non-ferrous metal welding is particularly easy to occur, and the like; on the other hand, the difference in chemical properties of the metal materials has a great influence on the performance of the weld joint, when the difference in chemical properties is great, different alloy elements generate an intermetallic compound brittle phase in the phase transformation process, if the brittle intermetallic compound is dispersed among alloy grains in the form of extremely fine inclusions, the brittle intermetallic compound phase may not be harmful, but if the intermetallic compound grows between grain boundaries in the form of needles or strips, or a thick intermetallic compound transition layer appears between two alloys, the brittle compound phase may have a great influence on the weld joint, and the weld joint is easily brittle.
For the aluminum/titanium dissimilar metal combination, due to its great difference in physical properties, the following problems mainly exist in welding: aluminum and titanium are easy to oxidize, and alloy elements are easy to burn and evaporate; b. reacting aluminum and titanium at different temperatures and different components to generate a plurality of brittle compounds; c. the welding deformation of the aluminum and the titanium is large, the thermal conductivity and the linear expansion coefficient of the aluminum are respectively about 16 times and 3 times of those of the titanium, and the aluminum is easy to generate hot cracks under the action of welding stress. Among them, the most critical problem is the control problem of the intermetallic compound, which is determined by the temperature-time-composition relationship. With the formation of intermetallic phases, the weld zone becomes brittle and the properties deteriorate. The phase structure in the titanium-aluminum system can be seen from the titanium-aluminum binary phase diagram, and the solubility between aluminum and titanium is very low. When the mass fraction of aluminum element in the titanium-aluminum liquid phase is about 13 percent, Ti is formed3And Al. While in the liquid phaseThe increase of the aluminum content can form TiAl and TiAl after solidification2、Ti2Al5. When the main component of the liquid phase is aluminum element, the liquid phase can form TiAl3. The complex intermetallic compound in the titanium-aluminum system makes the performance of the titanium-aluminum connection joint difficult to control and easy to brittle failure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electron beam connection method of dissimilar metals of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy, which is characterized in that a local area of a titanium-aluminum bonding interface is subjected to remelting modification by setting a special welding temperature field and a joint structure, the phase structure at the bonding interface is optimized, the brittleness of the joint is weakened, and the bonding strength of the root is improved so as to solve the problem of low bonding strength of the dissimilar metals of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6061 aluminum alloy.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an electron beam connection method of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following specific steps:
Further, in step 1, the width range a of the connected protruding platform of the TC4 titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy is: a is more than 0 and less than C1;
further, in step 1, the sum of the heights in the thickness direction is the height d of the titanium side platform which is the thickness of the butt joint test plate1Height d of aluminum side platform2And the thickness d of the test panel are related as follows: d1+d2＝d；
Further, in step 2, the pre-welding treatment specifically comprises the following steps:
2.1, mechanically polishing the positions to be welded of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate and the surfaces of adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper to obtain a flat surface to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surface by using acetone;
step 2.2, the cleaned workpiece to be welded is welded within 2 hours;
step 2.3, arranging a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and a 6061 aluminum alloy plate on a stainless steel backing plate, wherein the surface of the backing plate is provided with a semicircular arc groove with the diameter of 4-8mm so as to ensure the back molding of a welding seam;
step 2.4, the tool clearance range b of the butt joint of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate is as follows: less than 0.5 mm;
and 2.5, arranging the tool for the butt joint of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate on an aluminum side test plate platform.
Further, in step 3, the vacuum includes gun vacuum and chamber vacuum, and the gun vacuum degree is not less than 8E-3The vacuum degree of the chamber is more than or equal to 7E- 2Pa。
Further, in step 3, the welding parameters are set as follows: acceleration voltage V: 50-60kV, focusing current If: 650-750mA, X-Y axis deflection current IxAnd Iy: 0-10mA, working height h: 275-300mm, filament current I: 425-450 mA.
Further, in the steps 4 and 5, the center line of the butt joint is a titanium-aluminum cross-connecting line on the front surface of the welding test plate.
Further, in step 5, the second welding seam is close to the first welding and brazing seam but not crossed, and 1/2(C1+ C2) +3mm is more than or equal to a1+a2+b＞1/2(C1+C2)。
Further, the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following alloy in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6061 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.4% of Si, 0.7% of Fe, 0.15-0.4% of Cu0.15%, 0.15% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.08-0.35% of Cr, 0.25% of Zn, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
1. in the titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal welding process, based on a conventional welding and brazing process for dissimilar metal connection, the connection is completed by adopting a welding method of slightly offsetting an aluminum side by a first electron beam, and the distribution and the content of nascent unfavorable oriented intermetallic compounds are effectively controlled by controlling the welding process.
2. According to the invention, on the adjacent titanium side of the first welding and brazing seam, the electron beam welding of the titanium side is slightly biased for the second time by utilizing the huge difference of the melting points of the dissimilar metal combinations, the welding bead is close to but not crossed with the first welding and brazing channel, and through the welding temperature field, a connection process of micro-area local remelting, disordered directional crystallization and realization of reverse crystallization and interface form reconstruction of an intermetallic compound layer acting on a welding and bonding interface of dissimilar metals is constructed.
3. The invention effectively solves the problem that the good titanium-aluminum root connection is difficult to realize due to the smaller heat output and the short high-temperature retention time of the aluminum alloy side under the remelting modification welding process through the special joint design.
4. The invention can obviously improve the obdurability of the titanium-aluminum dissimilar joint, the tensile strength is improved by about 20 percent compared with the conventional welding and brazing joint, and the joint shows partial toughness fracture.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a particular fitting of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a structure for completing the first fusion-soldering.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a structure for performing a second titanium side offset welding.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the welding structure of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of a weld fracture in an offset aluminum side braze.
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of a fracture based on a first aluminum side fusion weld followed by a titanium side re-bias weld.
Detailed Description
The technical means of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments listed below, and any combination of the embodiments is also included.
The electron beam welding of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy plate is carried out by ZD60-6A 5001 type vacuum electron beam welding machine developed by Beijing aviation manufacturing engineering research institute, and FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a welding structure.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the electron beam welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6061 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6061 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.4% of Si, 0.7% of Fe, 0.15-0.4% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.08-0.35% of Cr, 0.25% of Zn, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a focus or a lower focus on the surface of the electron beam spot of the vacuum chamber, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: and (4) vacuumizing, loading high pressure when the gun vacuum degree and the chamber vacuum degree reach welding conditions and respectively reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa, and setting welding parameters. Wherein, the electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 682mA, welding height h: 295mm, filament current I: 430 mA; electron beam current Ib: 27mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. Starting a vacuum chamber motion system for servo enabling, moving the vertical direction of a butt joint surface, and enabling an electron beam to be biased on an aluminum side, wherein the bias range is as follows: 0.8 mm. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, and after a beam is fed and a complete molten pool is formed, starting horizontal axis movement to finish first welding.
The fourth step: controlling servo movement to enable the electron beam to be biased to the titanium side, wherein the bias amount is 2.5mm, vacuumizing, the gun vacuum and the chamber vacuum degree reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa respectively, and resetting the parameters of the electron beam as follows: electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 682mA, welding height h: 295mm, filament current I: 430 mA; electron beam current Ib: 23mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, beam-off and complete molten pool formation, starting horizontal axis movement to finish second reconstruction temperature field welding.
The fifth step: and (4) discharging air in a vacuum chamber, taking out the processed test piece, performing tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after cleaning the surface, remelting part of the intermetallic compound layer, and thinning the layer.
And a sixth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 184Mpa, secondary cracks are not found in the fracture, a part of ductile fracture area exists, and the pictures of a fracture scanning electron microscope are shown in fig. 5 and 6.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the electron beam welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6061 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6061 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.4% of Si, 0.7% of Fe, 0.15-0.4% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.08-0.35% of Cr, 0.25% of Zn, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a focus or a lower focus on the surface of the electron beam spot of the vacuum chamber, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: and (4) vacuumizing, loading high pressure when the gun vacuum degree and the chamber vacuum degree reach welding conditions and respectively reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa, and setting welding parameters. Wherein, the electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 685mA, solder height h: 289mm, filament current I: 430 mA; electron beam current Ib: 25mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. Starting a vacuum chamber motion system for servo enabling, moving the vertical direction of a butt joint surface, and enabling an electron beam to be biased on an aluminum side, wherein the bias range is as follows: 0.6 mm. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, and after a beam is fed and a complete molten pool is formed, starting horizontal axis movement to finish first welding.
The fourth step: controlling servo movement to enable the electron beam to be biased to the titanium side, wherein the bias amount is 2.5mm, vacuumizing, the gun vacuum and the chamber vacuum degree reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa respectively, and resetting the parameters of the electron beam as follows: electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 685mA, solder height h: 289mm, filament current I: 430 mA; electron beam current Ib: 23mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, beam-off and complete molten pool formation, starting horizontal axis movement to finish second reconstruction temperature field welding.
The fifth step: and (4) discharging air in a vacuum chamber, taking out the processed test piece, performing tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after cleaning the surface, remelting part of the intermetallic compound layer, and thinning the layer.
And a sixth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 178MPa, secondary cracks are not found in the fracture, and the joint has partial toughness.
Example 3
In the embodiment, the electron beam welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6061 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6061 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.4% of Si, 0.7% of Fe, 0.15-0.4% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.08-0.35% of Cr, 0.25% of Zn, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a focus or a lower focus on the surface of the electron beam spot of the vacuum chamber, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: and (4) vacuumizing, loading high pressure when the gun vacuum degree and the chamber vacuum degree reach welding conditions and respectively reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa, and setting welding parameters. Wherein, the electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 681mA, solder height h: 297mm, filament current I: 435 mA; electron beam current Ib: 28mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. Starting the servo of the vacuum chamber motion system to enable, moving the butt joint surface in the vertical direction,bias the electron beam to the aluminum side, the bias amount range: 0.9 mm. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, and after a beam is fed and a complete molten pool is formed, starting horizontal axis movement to finish first welding.
The fourth step: controlling servo movement to enable the electron beam to be biased to the titanium side, wherein the bias amount is 2.5mm, vacuumizing, the gun vacuum and the chamber vacuum degree reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa respectively, and resetting the parameters of the electron beam as follows: electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 681mA, solder height h: 297mm, filament current I: 435 mA; electron beam current Ib: 23mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, beam-off and complete molten pool formation, starting horizontal axis movement to finish second reconstruction temperature field welding.
The fifth step: and (4) discharging air in a vacuum chamber, taking out the processed test piece, performing tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after cleaning the surface, remelting part of the intermetallic compound layer, and thinning the layer.
And a sixth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 181Mpa, secondary cracks are not found in the fracture, and the joint has partial toughness.
Example 4
In the embodiment, the electron beam welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6061 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6061 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.4% of Si, 0.7% of Fe, 0.15-0.4% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.08-0.35% of Cr, 0.25% of Zn, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a focus or a lower focus on the surface of the electron beam spot of the vacuum chamber, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: and (4) vacuumizing, loading high pressure when the gun vacuum degree and the chamber vacuum degree reach welding conditions and respectively reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa, and setting welding parameters. Wherein, the electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 690mA, solder height h: 295mm, filament current I: 435 mA; electron beam current Ib: 28mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. Starting a vacuum chamber motion system for servo enabling, moving the vertical direction of a butt joint surface, and enabling an electron beam to be biased on an aluminum side, wherein the bias range is as follows: 0.8 mm. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, and after a beam is fed and a complete molten pool is formed, starting horizontal axis movement to finish first welding.
The fourth step: controlling servo movement to enable the electron beam to be biased to the titanium side, wherein the bias amount is 3mm, vacuumizing, the gun vacuum and the chamber vacuum degree reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa respectively, and resetting the parameters of the electron beam as follows: electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 690mA, solder height h: 295mm, filament current I: 435 mA; electron beam current Ib: 23mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, beam-off and complete molten pool formation, starting horizontal axis movement to finish second reconstruction temperature field welding.
The fifth step: and (4) discharging air in a vacuum chamber, taking out the processed test piece, performing tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after cleaning the surface, remelting part of the intermetallic compound layer, and thinning the layer.
And a sixth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 172MPa, secondary cracks are not found in the fracture, and the joint has partial toughness.
Example 5
In the embodiment, the electron beam welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6061 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6061 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.4% of Si, 0.7% of Fe, 0.15-0.4% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.08-0.35% of Cr, 0.25% of Zn, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a focus or a lower focus on the surface of the electron beam spot of the vacuum chamber, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: vacuumizing, loading high pressure when the gun vacuum and the chamber vacuum reach the welding conditions and respectively reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa, and weldingAnd setting parameters. Wherein, the electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 685mA, solder height h: 295mm, filament current I: 432 mA; electron beam current Ib: 28mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. Starting a vacuum chamber motion system for servo enabling, moving the vertical direction of a butt joint surface, and enabling an electron beam to be biased on an aluminum side, wherein the bias range is as follows: 0.8 mm. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, and after a beam is fed and a complete molten pool is formed, starting horizontal axis movement to finish first welding.
The fourth step: controlling servo movement to enable the electron beam to be biased to the titanium side, wherein the bias amount is 2.0mm, vacuumizing, the gun vacuum and the chamber vacuum degree reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa respectively, and resetting the parameters of the electron beam as follows: electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 685mA, solder height h: 295mm, filament current I: 432 mA; electron beam current Ib: 23mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, beam-off and complete molten pool formation, starting horizontal axis movement to finish second reconstruction temperature field welding.
The fifth step: and (4) discharging air in a vacuum chamber, taking out the processed test piece, performing tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after cleaning the surface, remelting part of the intermetallic compound layer, and thinning the layer.
And a sixth step: the tensile strength of the joint was 167Mpa, secondary cracks were found at the fracture, and little toughness was exhibited.
Example 6
In the embodiment, the electron beam welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6061 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6061 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.4% of Si, 0.7% of Fe, 0.15-0.4% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.08-0.35% of Cr, 0.25% of Zn, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a focus or a lower focus on the surface of the electron beam spot of the vacuum chamber, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: and (4) vacuumizing, loading high pressure when the gun vacuum degree and the chamber vacuum degree reach welding conditions and respectively reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa, and setting welding parameters. Wherein, the electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 678mA, soldering height h: 298mm, filament current I: 445 mA; electron beam current Ib: 28mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. Starting a vacuum chamber motion system for servo enabling, moving the vertical direction of a butt joint surface, and enabling an electron beam to be biased on an aluminum side, wherein the bias range is as follows: 0.8 mm. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, and after a beam is fed and a complete molten pool is formed, starting horizontal axis movement to finish first welding.
The fourth step: controlling servo movement to enable the electron beam to be biased to the titanium side, wherein the bias amount is 2.8mm, vacuumizing, the gun vacuum and the chamber vacuum degree reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa respectively, and resetting the parameters of the electron beam as follows: electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing powerStream If: 678mA, soldering height h: 298mm, filament current I: 445 mA; electron beam current Ib: 23mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, beam-off and complete molten pool formation, starting horizontal axis movement to finish second reconstruction temperature field welding.
The fifth step: and (4) discharging air in a vacuum chamber, taking out the processed test piece, performing tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after cleaning the surface, remelting part of the intermetallic compound layer, and thinning the layer.
And a sixth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 179MPa, secondary cracks are not found in the fracture, and the joint has partial toughness.
Example 7
In the embodiment, the electron beam welding method for the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and the 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: 100X 50X 4mm Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and 6061 aluminum alloy plate samples are prepared, and 100X 3X 1mm titanium side platform and 100X 3mm aluminum side platform are cut on the welding surface in a wire cutting mode. And (3) mechanically polishing the positions to be welded and the adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper, removing oxide layers on the surfaces to be welded of titanium and aluminum and the peripheral 50mm areas to obtain smooth surfaces to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surfaces by using acetone.
The titanium-aluminum material is respectively Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and 6061 aluminum alloy, wherein the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6061 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.4% of Si, 0.7% of Fe, 0.15-0.4% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.08-0.35% of Cr, 0.25% of Zn, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
The second step is that: assembling the welding test plate, wherein the aluminum side platform is positioned at the upper end and is tightly butted without a gap, and the gap error b is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. The Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate are arranged on a stainless steel backing plate, and a semi-circular arc groove with the diameter of 6mm is formed in the surface of the backing plate, so that the welding position is aligned with the semi-circular arc groove. Meanwhile, the butt joint test plate is fixed at the position of a focus or a lower focus on the surface of the electron beam spot of the vacuum chamber, and the butt joint surface is parallel to the motion direction of the horizontal guide rail.
The third step: and (4) vacuumizing, loading high pressure when the gun vacuum degree and the chamber vacuum degree reach welding conditions and respectively reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa, and setting welding parameters. Wherein, the electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 682mA, welding height h: 295mm, filament current I: 430 mA; electron beam current Ib: 27mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. Starting a vacuum chamber motion system for servo enabling, moving the vertical direction of a butt joint surface, and enabling an electron beam to be biased on an aluminum side, wherein the bias range is as follows: 0.8 mm. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, and after a beam is fed and a complete molten pool is formed, starting horizontal axis movement to finish first welding.
The fourth step: and closing the vacuum of the chamber, disassembling the welding test plate on the fixing clamp, replacing the back surface as a welding surface, fixing again, keeping the original welding height unchanged and enabling the butt joint surface to be parallel to the horizontal moving guide rail. The soldering surface was cleaned with acetone.
The fifth step: and (4) vacuumizing, loading high pressure when the gun vacuum degree and the chamber vacuum degree reach welding conditions and respectively reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa, and setting welding parameters. Wherein, the electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 682mA, welding height h: 295mm, filament current I: 430 mA; electron beam current Ib: 8mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. Starting the servo of the vacuum chamber motion system, moving the vertical direction of the butt joint surface, and focusing the electron beam on the center line of the butt joint plate without offset. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, beam-off and forming of a complete molten pool, and starting horizontal axis movement to finish secondary root strengthening welding.
The sixth step: controlling servo movement to enable the electron beam to be biased to the titanium side, wherein the bias amount is 2.5mm, vacuumizing, the gun vacuum and the chamber vacuum degree reach 8E-3 and 7E-2pa respectively, and resetting the parameters of the electron beam as follows: electron beam acceleration voltage V: 60kV, focusing current If: 682mA, welding height h: 295mm, filament current I: 430 mA; electron beam current Ib: 23mA, welding speed v: 10mm/s, X-Y axis deflection current Ix、Iy: 0mA, beam rise and fall time tu、td: 1.5 s. And after parameter setting is finished, welding, beam-off and forming of a complete molten pool, and starting horizontal axis movement to finish third reconstruction temperature field welding.
The fifth step: and (4) discharging air in a vacuum chamber, taking out the processed test piece, performing tensile test and microscopic joint bonding interface observation after cleaning the surface, remelting part of the intermetallic compound layer, and thinning the layer.
And a sixth step: the tensile strength of the joint is 185Mpa, secondary cracks are not found in the fracture, a part of ductile-fracture area exists, and the reinforced root has an effect of improving the strength of the joint.
The welding parameters and tensile strength of the above examples are as shown in the table:
welding experiment recording data table
In fig. 1: 1, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate, 2.6061 aluminum alloy plate, 3. aluminum side platform height d1And 4. height d of titanium side platform2And 5, butting the thickness d of the test plate.
In fig. 2: 1, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate, 2.6061 aluminum alloy plate, 23, 24, 25, and 5, thickness d of butt joint test plate.
In fig. 3: the method comprises the following steps of 1, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates, 2.6061 aluminum alloy plates, 23, a first offset aluminum side fusion brazing welding seam, 24, a butt joint center line, 25, a first offset aluminum side fusion brazing welding seam center line, 5, butt joint test plate thickness d, 31, a second offset titanium side welding seam and 32, an offset titanium side welding seam center line.
In fig. 4: 41. the method comprises the following steps of first bias aluminum side electron beam current, 42 second bias titanium side electron beam current, 2.6061 aluminum alloy plates, 1 Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates, 44 first bias aluminum side distance, 43 second bias titanium side distance, 24 butt joint center line and 46 welding seam center line.
Claims (7)
1. An electron beam connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, preparing a connector structure of a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and a 6061 aluminum alloy plate, respectively cutting a raised platform along the thickness direction of a welding piece on two butt joint surfaces of an I-shaped connector formed by the connector structure of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate, mutually butting and fitting step-shaped connector structures formed by two butt joint test plates to form a to-be-welded connector, wherein the raised platforms are equal in length and width directions of the welding piece, and the sum of the heights in the thickness direction is the thickness of the butt joint test plates;
step 2, performing pre-welding treatment on the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate, wherein the pre-welding treatment comprises deoiling, decontamination, oxide film removal and tooling;
step 3, vacuum pumping, setting electron beam welding parameters: acceleration voltage V, focusing current IfX-Y axis deflection current IxAnd IyWorking height h and filament current I;
step 4, setting an electron beam current Ib: 10-35mA, welding speed v: 10-20mm/s, beam current rising tuTime of fall td: 1.0-3.0 s; the electron beam is focused on the aluminum plate, and the center of the beam spot deviates from the offset distance a of the center line of the butt joint1: 0.5-1.5mm, welding, wherein after the electron beam and the workpiece act to form a complete molten pool, an X-axis horizontal motion is set to complete the first welding and brazing of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate, and the width of the welding line is marked as C1;
step 5, adjusting the focusing position of the electron beam, setting the electron beam to be focused on the titanium plate, and setting the offset distance a of the center of the beam spot deviating from the center line of the butt joint2: 1.5-4.5mm, set electron beamStream Ib: 15-30mA, welding speed v: 10-20mm/s, beam current rising tuTime of fall td: 1.5-3.0s, welding, wherein after the electron beam and the workpiece act to form a complete molten pool, an X-axis horizontal motion is set to complete the second remelting modification welding of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate, the width of a welding seam is marked as C2, and the welding seam does not intersect with the previous melting brazing seam;
the center line of the butt joint in the step 4 and the step 5 is a titanium-aluminum cross-connecting line on the front surface of the welding test plate.
2. The electron beam joining method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of ti-al dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein in step 1, the width range a of the raised platform is as follows: 0 < a < C1.
3. The electron beam connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the pre-welding treatment step is as follows:
2.1, mechanically polishing the positions to be welded of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate and the surfaces of adjacent 50mm areas by using a paper grinding wheel and a steel wire brush to expose metallic luster, finely polishing by using 280#, 400# and 600# abrasive paper to obtain a flat surface to be welded, and cleaning oil stains on the surface by using acetone;
step 2.2, the cleaned workpiece to be welded is welded within 2 hours;
step 2.3, arranging a Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and a 6061 aluminum alloy plate on a stainless steel backing plate, wherein the surface of the backing plate is provided with a semicircular arc groove with the diameter of 4-8mm so as to ensure the back molding of a welding seam;
step 2.4, setting the tool clearance range b of the butt joint of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate to be less than 0.5 mm;
and 2.5, setting the tool of the butt joint of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate to be an aluminum side test plate raised platform.
4. The method for connecting titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal by electron beam of high-strength metallurgical bonding according to claim 1, wherein the method is characterized in thatIn step 3, the vacuum includes gun vacuum and chamber vacuum, and the gun vacuum degree is not less than 8E-3Pa, the vacuum degree of the chamber is more than or equal to 7E-2Pa。
5. The electron beam connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the set welding parameters are as follows: acceleration voltage V: 50-60kV, focusing current If: 650-750mA, X-Y axis deflection current IxAnd Iy: 0-10mA, working height h: 275-300mm, filament current I: 425-450 mA.
6. The electron beam connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, characterized in that the second welding seam is close to but not crossed with the first welding and brazing seam, and in step 5, 1/2(C1+ C2) +3mm ≥ a1+a2+ b is more than 1/2(C1+ C2), and b is the tool clearance range of the butt joint of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plate and the 6061 aluminum alloy plate.
7. The electron beam connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein the alloy compositions of the Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy plates in mass percent are as follows: ti: 89.12%, Al: 6.42%, V: 4.30%, Fe: 0.05%, C: 0.03 percent; the 6061 aluminum alloy plate comprises, by mass, 0.4% of Si, 0.7% of Fe, 0.15-0.4% of Cu, 0.15% of Mn, 0.8-1.2% of Mg, 0.08-0.35% of Cr, 0.25% of Zn, 0.15% of Ti and the balance of Al.
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