CN112692421B - Welding method of lead alloy circular ring and aluminum alloy circular sheet - Google Patents
Welding method of lead alloy circular ring and aluminum alloy circular sheet Download PDFInfo
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- CN112692421B CN112692421B CN202011434523.9A CN202011434523A CN112692421B CN 112692421 B CN112692421 B CN 112692421B CN 202011434523 A CN202011434523 A CN 202011434523A CN 112692421 B CN112692421 B CN 112692421B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/04—Electron-beam welding or cutting for welding annular seams
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
- B23K15/0033—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
Abstract
The invention proposesA method for welding a lead alloy ring and an aluminum alloy wafer comprises the following specific steps: firstly, cleaning oil stains and oxidation films on to-be-welded surfaces of a lead alloy circular ring and an aluminum alloy wafer; and then, loading the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy wafer into a positioning welding tool, clamping a test piece to be welded, and then, carrying out symmetrical positioning welding by adopting electron beam equipment. Then sealing welding is carried out, an electron beam spot is focused on the center of a welding interface of the lead alloy ring and the aluminum alloy wafer, welding is carried out by using a small beam spot, a molten pool is stirred in a beam deflection mode, diffusion and mixing between molten pools formed by two alloys are promoted, a welding seam with good sealing performance is obtained, and helium mass spectrum leak detection shows that the leak rate of the welding seam is less than 1 x 10 ‑9 Pa·m 3 /s。
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material welding processes, in particular to a method for welding a lead alloy circular ring and an aluminum alloy wafer.
Background
The lead alloy and the aluminum alloy are widely applied to the electronic industry, instruments and meters and some specific fields as structural materials, and the problem of realizing connection of the lead alloy and the aluminum alloy cannot be avoided in the actual use process. The melting point of the lead alloy is extremely low, about 370 ℃, the affinity of lead to oxygen is strong, an oxide film is easily generated on the surface of lead in the welding process, the melting point of lead oxide is high, the density is low, and the lead oxide can block the fusion of liquid metal in a molten pool, and the defects of inclusion, incomplete penetration and the like are generated; the melting point of the aluminum alloy is about 650 ℃, the thermal conductivity is good, but the defects of air holes, deformation and the like are easy to occur in the welding process. The existing vacuum brazing process is an effective method for realizing the connection of lead alloy and aluminum alloy, has the characteristics of integral heating in a vacuum furnace, adoption of low-melting-point brazing filler metal, adoption of a brazing flux for removing an oxidation film and the like, and is difficult to meet the requirements of products sensitive to heat or having higher environmental working temperature. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for welding dissimilar materials of lead alloy and aluminum alloy, which has the advantages of local heating, forming a welding joint by self-melting of the base metal, and the like, and meets the specific requirements of the product which is not allowed to be heated integrally or in a higher use environment, so as to overcome the defects of vacuum brazing. However, the difference between the thermophysical properties of the lead alloy and the aluminum alloy is large, so that the problem of welding cracks caused by large difference between the thermal expansion coefficients is easy to occur when the lead alloy and the aluminum alloy are welded into a whole, meanwhile, the difference between the density and the melting point of the materials is large, so that the problem of compatibility generated in the interface formed in the molten pool is caused, and the problem of respective interface remained after the molten pool is cooled, so that the difficulty of forming a welding joint with certain strength and good sealing performance by welding in a local heating mode is large.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the method for welding the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular sheet is provided, when the electron beam welding is adopted, the mode that the electron beam acts on a welding seam is controlled by adjusting welding parameters, two metals with larger melting point difference are ensured to be melted simultaneously, the phenomenon that a large amount of low-melting-point alloy is evaporated and lost to cause welding defects is avoided, meanwhile, two metals which are almost immiscible form metallurgical bonding, and the phenomenon that the welding seam is cracked due to overlarge thermal stress is avoided. Through process tests, the problems of no fusion, pores, cracks and the like of two metals in the welding process are solved, and the welded joint with certain strength and good sealing performance is obtained.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a welding method of a lead alloy circular ring and an aluminum alloy circular sheet comprises the following steps:
and 5, welding the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular sheet by adopting electron beam welding equipment, and taking down the sealing welding fixture to finish welding.
Further, the specific process of step 1 is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly cleaning the surfaces of a lead alloy circular ring and an aluminum alloy circular sheet by using acetone, then polishing the surfaces to be welded by using 800# metallographic abrasive paper until the surfaces to be welded have metallic luster, and finally cleaning and drying the surfaces by using alcohol.
Further, the positioning welding parameters of the step 3 are as follows: the acceleration voltage is 130-150 kV, the beam current is 1.6-1.8 mA, the focusing current is 2240-2250 mA, the deflection amplitude of an electron beam is 0.2mm, the frequency is 15Hz, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min.
Furthermore, in the positioning welding process of the step 3, the degree of each section of positioning welding line is 15-20 degrees, the number of the positioning welding lines is even, and the number of the positioning welding lines is at least 4.
Further, in the step 5, during welding, the electron beam spot is focused to the minimum value of the electron beam welding machine and acts on the center of the interface to be welded of the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular sheet to weld, and the welding parameters are as follows: the method has the advantages that the acceleration voltage is 130-150 kV, the beam current is 2.2-2.6 mA, the focusing current is 2240-2250 mA, the deflection amplitude of an electron beam is 0.2mm, the frequency is 15Hz, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min.
Further, in the welding process of the step 3 and the step 5, the height of the surface of the aluminum alloy wafer is 0.2-0.3 mm lower than that of the surface of the lead alloy ring.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of adopting the technical scheme are as follows: the method comprises the steps of welding the lead alloy and the aluminum alloy by adopting electron beams, adopting modes of electron beam deflection oscillation, beam action on the center of a Pb-Al interface (instead of deflecting to the high-melting point side), reducing the spot diameter (Sharp focusing) of the electron beams acting on the interface as far as possible and the like in the welding process, wherein the two modes are adopted to improve the center temperature of the Pb-Al interface, promote the decomposition and dissolution of lead oxide and aluminum oxide of the interface, reduce the obstruction of lead-aluminum fusion, promote the better fusion of the two alloys at the interface, realize the metallurgical bonding of the Pb-Al interface, obtain a test piece and obtain a welding joint with small deformation, high strength and better sealing property under the condition of local heating as shown in figures 4 and 5.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a welding method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the welding tooling and the workpiece after the tack welding clamping step in the welding method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of the welding method of the present invention after the tack welding step;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the welding method of the present invention after the seal welding step
FIG. 5 is a scanning electron microscope appearance of interface fusion of lead alloy and aluminum alloy welded by the welding method of the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a gland, 2-a lead alloy ring, 3-an aluminum alloy wafer, 4-a rotating shaft, 5-a positioning welding line, 6-a surface to be welded and 7-a sealing welding line.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for welding a lead alloy ring and an aluminum alloy wafer enables a welded joint to have certain strength and good sealing performance, and the specific scheme is as follows:
and 5, welding the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular sheet by adopting electron beam welding equipment, taking down the sealing welding fixture, and finishing welding, wherein the welding is shown in figure 4.
Preferably, in the step 1, the surfaces of the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular sheet are cleaned by acetone, then are polished by 800# metallographic abrasive paper until the surfaces to be welded have metallic luster, and finally are cleaned by alcohol and dried by blowing.
Preferably, the welding parameters of step 3 are as follows: the acceleration voltage is 130-150 kV, the beam current is 1.6-1.8 mA, the focusing current is 2240-2250 mA, the deflection amplitude of an electron beam is 0.2mm, the frequency is 15Hz, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min.
Preferably, in the positioning welding process of the step 3, the degree of each section of positioning welding line is 15-20 degrees, the number of the positioning welding lines is even, and the number of the positioning welding lines is at least 4.
Preferably, in the step 5, during welding, the electron beam spot is focused to the minimum value of the electron beam welding machine and acts on the center of the interface to be welded of the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular sheet to weld, and the welding parameters are as follows: the acceleration voltage is 130-150 kV, the beam current is 2.2-2.6 mA, the focusing current is 2240-2250 mA, the deflection amplitude of an electron beam is 0.2mm, the frequency is 15Hz, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min. The welding method improves the central temperature of the Pb-Al interface, promotes the decomposition and dissolution of interface lead oxide and aluminum oxide, reduces the obstruction of lead-aluminum fusion and promotes the better fusion of two alloys at the interface.
Preferably, in the welding process of the step 3 and the step 5, the height of the surface of the aluminum alloy wafer is 0.2-0.3 mm lower than that of the surface of the lead alloy ring.
Example 1
In this embodiment, a welding process of a lead alloy ring with a diameter of 90mm (inner diameter) × 5mm (wall thickness) × 10mm (height) and an aluminum alloy wafer with a diameter of 90mm (inner diameter) × 1mm (wall thickness) is taken as an example to illustrate a welding method of the lead alloy ring and the aluminum alloy wafer provided by the present invention, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1: cleaning oil stains and oxidation films on the surfaces of a lead alloy circular ring with the diameter phi of 90mm (inner diameter) multiplied by 5mm (wall thickness) multiplied by 10mm (height) and an aluminum alloy wafer with the diameter phi of 90mm (inner diameter) multiplied by 1mm (wall thickness) to ensure that the surfaces are in metallic luster;
step 2: the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy wafer are loaded into a positioning welding tool, and then the positioning welding tool is fixed on a three-jaw chuck of the rotary table;
and step 3: the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum-silicon circular sheet are subjected to positioning welding by adopting a symmetrical positioning welding method, and the positioning welding parameters are as follows; the method comprises the following steps of (1) accelerating voltage of 130kV, beam current of 1.6mA, focusing current of 2240-2250 mA, deflection amplitude of an electron beam of 0.2mm, frequency of 15-20Hz, welding speed of 800mm/min, four-section symmetrical welding, and arc degree of positioning welding of 15 degrees;
and 4, step 4: taking down the positioning welding tool to obtain a lead-aluminum alloy positioning welding test piece;
and 5: loading a test piece subjected to positioning welding into a sealing welding fixture, and fixing the test piece on a three-jaw chuck of a rotary table of an electron beam welding machine;
step 6: focusing the electron beam spot to the minimum value (the diameter of the beam spot is about 0.4mm) of an electron beam welding machine, acting on the central position of the interface of the two alloys, and welding by using a beam deflection mode, wherein the welding parameters are as follows: the welding parameters are as follows: the acceleration voltage is 130-150 kV, the beam current is 2.2mA, the focusing current is 2240-2250 mA, the deflection amplitude of the electron beam is 0.2mm, the frequency is 15-20Hz, and the welding speed is 800 mm/s.
And 7: and taking down the sealing welding fixture to obtain the welding joint of the lead alloy and the aluminum alloy.
Example 2
In this embodiment, a welding process of a lead alloy ring with a diameter of 160mm (inner diameter) × 5mm (wall thickness) × 10mm (height) and an aluminum alloy wafer with a diameter of 160mm (inner diameter) × 2mm (wall thickness) is taken as an example to illustrate a welding method of the lead alloy ring and the aluminum alloy wafer provided by the present invention, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1: cleaning oil stains and oxidation films on the surfaces of a lead alloy circular ring with the diameter phi of 160mm (inner diameter) multiplied by 5mm (wall thickness) multiplied by 10mm (height) and an aluminum alloy wafer with the diameter phi of 160mm (inner diameter) multiplied by 2mm (wall thickness) to ensure that the surfaces are in metallic luster;
step 2: the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy wafer are loaded into a positioning welding tool, and then the positioning welding tool is fixed on a three-jaw chuck of the rotary table;
and step 3: the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum-silicon circular sheet are subjected to positioning welding by adopting a symmetrical positioning welding method, and the positioning welding parameters are as follows; the acceleration voltage is 130-150 kV, the beam current is 1.8mA, the focusing current is 2240-2250 mA, the deflection amplitude of an electron beam is 0.2mm, the frequency is 15-20Hz, the welding speed is 600mm/min, four sections are symmetrically welded, and the arc degree of positioning welding is 15 degrees;
and 4, step 4: taking down the positioning welding tool to obtain a lead-aluminum alloy positioning welding test piece;
and 5: loading a test piece subjected to positioning welding into a sealing welding fixture, and fixing the test piece on a three-jaw chuck of a rotary table of an electron beam welding machine;
step 6: focusing the electron beam spot to the minimum value (the diameter of the beam spot is about 0.4mm) of an electron beam welding machine, acting on the central position of the interface of the two alloys, and welding by using a beam deflection mode, wherein the welding parameters are as follows: the welding parameters are as follows: the acceleration voltage is 150kV, the beam current is 2.4mA, the focusing current is 2240-2250 mA, the deflection amplitude of the electron beam is 0.2mm, the frequency is 15-20Hz, and the welding speed is 600 mm/s.
And 7: and taking down the sealing welding fixture to obtain the welding joint of the lead alloy and the aluminum alloy.
Example 3
In this embodiment, a welding process of a lead alloy ring with a diameter of 200mm (inner diameter) × 5mm (wall thickness) × 10mm (height) and an aluminum alloy wafer with a diameter of 200mm (inner diameter) × 3mm (wall thickness) is taken as an example to illustrate a welding method of the lead alloy ring and the aluminum alloy wafer provided by the present invention, and the specific steps are as follows:
step 1: cleaning oil stains and oxidation films on the surfaces of a lead alloy circular ring with the diameter phi of 200mm (inner diameter) multiplied by 5mm (wall thickness) multiplied by 10mm (height) and an aluminum alloy wafer with the diameter phi of 200mm (inner diameter) multiplied by 3mm (wall thickness) to ensure that the surfaces are in metallic luster;
step 2: the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy wafer are arranged in a positioning welding tool, and then the positioning welding tool is fixed on a three-jaw chuck of a rotary table;
and step 3: the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum-silicon circular sheet are subjected to positioning welding by adopting a symmetrical positioning welding method, and the positioning welding parameters are as follows; the method comprises the following steps of (1) accelerating voltage of 130-150 kV, beam current of 1.8mA, focusing current of 2240-2250 mA, deflection amplitude of an electron beam of 0.2mm, frequency of 15-20Hz, welding speed of 600mm/min, six-section symmetric welding, and arc degree of positioning welding of 20 degrees;
and 4, step 4: taking down the positioning welding tool to obtain a lead-aluminum alloy positioning welding test piece;
and 5: loading a test piece subjected to positioning welding into a sealing welding fixture, and fixing the test piece on a three-jaw chuck of a rotary table of an electron beam welding machine;
step 6: focusing the electron beam spot to the minimum value (the diameter of the beam spot is about 0.4mm) of an electron beam welding machine, acting on the central position of the interface of the two alloys, and welding by using a beam deflection mode, wherein the welding parameters are as follows: the welding parameters are as follows: the acceleration voltage is 130-150 kV, the beam current is 2.6mA, the focusing current is 2240-2250 mA, the deflection amplitude of an electron beam is 0.2mm, the frequency is 15-20Hz, and the welding speed is 600 mm/s.
And 7: and taking down the sealing welding fixture to obtain the welding joint of the lead alloy and the aluminum alloy.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed. Those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains will appreciate that insubstantial changes or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
Claims (5)
1. A welding method of a lead alloy circular ring and an aluminum alloy circular sheet is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, removing oil stains and oxidation films on the surfaces of the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy wafer;
step 2, loading the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy wafer into a positioning welding tool in a required welding form, and fixing the welding tool by using a three-jaw chuck of a rotary table;
step 3, carrying out positioning welding on the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular sheet in a symmetrical positioning mode, and taking down a positioning welding tool to obtain a test piece for completing the positioning welding;
step 4, loading the test piece subjected to positioning welding into a sealing welding fixture, and fixing the test piece onto a three-jaw chuck of a rotary table;
step 5, welding the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy wafer by adopting electron beam welding equipment, and taking down the sealing welding fixture to complete welding;
in the step 5, during welding, the electron beam spot is focused to the minimum value of the electron beam welding machine and acts on the center of the interface to be welded of the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy wafer for welding, and the welding parameters are as follows: the acceleration voltage is 130-150 kV, the beam current is 2.2-2.6 mA, the focusing current is 2240-2250 mA, the deflection amplitude of an electron beam is 0.2mm, the frequency is 15Hz, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min.
2. The method for welding the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular disc as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific process of the step 1 is as follows: the method comprises the steps of firstly cleaning the surfaces of a lead alloy circular ring and an aluminum alloy circular sheet by using acetone, then polishing the surfaces to be welded by using 800# metallographic abrasive paper until the surfaces to be welded have metallic luster, and finally cleaning and drying the surfaces by using alcohol.
3. The method for welding the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular disc as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positioning welding parameters of the step 3 are as follows: the acceleration voltage is 130-150 kV, the beam current is 1.6-1.8 mA, the focusing current is 2240-2250 mA, the deflection amplitude of an electron beam is 0.2mm, the frequency is 15Hz, and the welding speed is 600-800 mm/min.
4. The method for welding the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular sheet as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the positioning welding process of the step 3, the number of the positioning welding lines in each section is 15-20 degrees, the number of the positioning welding lines is even, and the number of the positioning welding lines is at least 4.
5. The method for welding the lead alloy circular ring and the aluminum alloy circular disc as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the welding process of the step 3 and the step 5, the surface of the aluminum alloy circular disc is 0.2-0.3 mm lower than the surface of the lead alloy circular ring.
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| DE1932086C3 (en) * | 1969-06-25 | 1976-01-08 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Waveguide made of superconductor material and a metal that is normally electrically conductive at the operating temperature of the superconductor material |
| CN100369706C (en) * | 2004-10-22 | 2008-02-20 | 沈阳黎明航空发动机(集团)有限责任公司 | Vacuum electron beam welding method for thin-walled titanium alloy assembly |
| CN106270876B (en) * | 2016-09-07 | 2019-11-15 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of aluminium lithium alloy and titanium alloy electron beam melt pricker welding method |
| CN108176920B (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2020-09-18 | 南京理工大学 | Electron beam connection method for high-strength metallurgical bonding of titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal |
| CN110039169B (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2021-04-02 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二五研究所 | Electron beam welding method for titanium-aluminum dissimilar metal |
| CN110385516A (en) * | 2019-08-22 | 2019-10-29 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of aluminium alloy electro-beam welding method based on laser cleaning processing |
| CN111215741B (en) * | 2020-02-26 | 2020-09-22 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | Method for welding large-size thin-wall beryllium sheet and aluminum alloy ring |
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| 异种材料真空电子束焊接研究现状分析;冯吉才，王廷，张秉刚，陈国庆;《焊接学报》;20091031;全文 * |
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