CN112658484A - Welding method of titanium steel bimetal composite plate - Google Patents
Welding method of titanium steel bimetal composite plate Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a welding method of a titanium steel bimetal composite plate, which comprises the following steps: s100, processing and treating a welding groove, S101, processing the groove, S102, cleaning the groove, S103, assembling the groove, S200, welding a base layer, S300, filling and welding a transition layer, and S400, welding a coating. Compared with the prior art, the method can effectively ensure the smooth proceeding and welding quality of the welding process, reduces the cost on the premise of ensuring the welding quality, adopts a multi-channel superposition mode to complete welding, has low welding residual stress, high welding quality and small welding process limitation, is convenient for practical production and application, and can solve the problems of high welding cost, low welding joint quality, poor welding seam forming and low welding efficiency of the titanium-steel bimetal composite plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of welding engineering, and particularly relates to a welding method of a titanium steel bimetal composite plate.
Background
With the rapid development of manufacturing industry, the technology for preparing and processing metal materials is also continuously improved. In order to obtain excellent mechanical properties, some rare metals are used in the manufacture of various engineering structures and industrial equipment. Among them, titanium alloy has the advantages of high strength, good heat resistance, corrosion resistance, etc., and is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, automobile manufacturing, petrochemical industry, ocean engineering, etc. Generally speaking, titanium alloy has good corrosion resistance and impact resistance, and therefore becomes an ideal material for manufacturing marine equipment. In practical engineering application, the production cost of enterprises can be greatly increased by adopting a single precious metal material, and therefore, the purpose of reducing the cost is achieved by preparing the bimetal composite plate from dissimilar metals with large differences in physical and chemical properties in industrial production. Among them, the titanium steel composite board combines titanium alloy and steel, which not only can exert corrosion resistance of titanium, but also has high strength of alloy steel, thus being widely applied.
Welding is an important processing means for manufacturing large-scale structural members applied in engineering, and the quality of the welding performance of the titanium steel composite plate is directly related to the application of the titanium steel composite plate in the engineering field. Because the thermal expansion coefficients of the coating titanium plate and the base carbon steel are different greatly, the bonding force of a welding seam is weak due to direct welding, the coating and the base plate are easy to peel off, the defect of incomplete fusion is formed, and the like, and when the titanium steel composite plate is welded, a compound between brittle and hard metals can be formed due to mutual solubility of dissimilar metals, the welding crack tendency is increased, the performance of a welding joint of the composite plate is seriously influenced, and the application of the titanium steel composite plate is tested due to the problems of cracks, air holes and the like in the welding process.
Therefore, how to improve the welding quality and the welding efficiency of the titanium steel composite plate on the basis of ensuring the service performance of the composite plate becomes a problem which is difficult to solve in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at various defects of the existing titanium steel composite plate welding technology, the invention provides a welding method of a titanium steel bimetal composite plate. Aiming at the titanium steel bimetal composite plate, the method provides a method which comprises the steps of processing a groove on the welding surface of a base layer of the bimetal composite plate, wherein the groove is in an asymmetric double-V-shaped groove, an area for forming a transition layer by welding is reserved on the groove on the upper back side of the groove group, the transition layer area extends upwards to a coating layer from the root part of the groove on the base layer, when the transition layer is welded, a transition layer is formed by filling metal, and the same material or copper and vanadium are selected as the filling metal of the transition layer, so that the cost is reduced on the premise of ensuring the mechanical property. The TIG welding method with mature technology and simple and convenient operation is adopted to weld the base steel and the transition layer, the base welding mode adopts multilayer welding, the transition layer is filled by adopting single-layer welding, the integral welding is completed by adopting a multi-welding-bead superposition mode, the coating titanium plate is welded by adopting a laser-arc hybrid welding method, the welding speed is high, and the welding seam is attractive in appearance.
By adopting the method, the problems of high welding cost, low quality of welding joints, poor welding seam forming and low welding efficiency of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate can be solved.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate comprises the following steps:
s100, processing and treating welding groove
S200, welding a base layer
S300, filling and welding of transition layer
S400, cladding welding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. by adopting the welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate, the smooth operation of the welding process and the welding quality can be effectively ensured. Firstly, adopt asymmetric two V-arrangement grooves can guarantee that the whole groove is full of to the metal that melts, improve the bonding strength of composite sheet, compare in symmetric two V-arrangement grooves, asymmetric two V-arrangement grooves can reduce the use of welding material under the prerequisite of guaranteeing welding quality, reduce welded cost. Secondly, the welding sequence of the base layer, the transition layer and the coating is adopted, component dilution caused by direct surfacing of the low-grade welding material on the high-grade welding material can be effectively avoided, the transition layer is formed by single TIG filling, the transition layer region extends upwards to the coating from the root part of the groove of the base layer, the coating and the base layer of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate have large component difference, the difference of thermal expansion rates is large, the transition layer can avoid Ti and Fe from directly contacting to form a Ti-Fe brittle and hard structure, and the welding quality is ensured. And the basic carbon steel adopts TIG, so that the operation is simple and convenient, the production efficiency is high, and the welding quality is good. And finally, the cladding layer is subjected to laser-arc hybrid welding, so that the welding speed is increased on the premise of ensuring the welding quality, the weld joint is attractive in forming, and the quality of the welded joint is high.
2. The welding method is adopted to weld the titanium steel bimetal composite plate, the filler metal of the transition layer is selected to be common and cheap copper, vanadium or welding wires with the same components, the cost is reduced on the premise of ensuring the welding quality, the welding is completed by adopting a multi-channel overlapping mode, the welding residual stress is low, the welding quality is high, the welding process limitation is small, and the practical production and application are facilitated.
The method can solve the problems of high welding cost, low quality of welding joints, poor weld joint forming and low welding efficiency of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall groove structure of a titanium steel bimetal composite plate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a bimetallic clad plate weld layer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the actual welding of bimetallic composite plates, the numbers representing the welding sequence;
in the figure: 1. the base layer, 2, the cladding, 3, groove group to back welding formation filling transition layer region, 4, root backing weld layer, 5, middle part backing weld layer, 6, upper portion backing weld layer, 7, the backing seal layer, 8, filling transition layer, 9, the cladding layer.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the titanium steel bimetal composite plate consists of a base layer 1 and a coating layer 2, wherein the base layer and the coating layer are connected through explosive welding, and the base layer 1 is made of common carbon steel and has the thickness of 5-35 mm; the coating 2 is made of titanium steel, and the thickness of the coating is 2-5 mm; and 3, forming a transition layer by welding the groove group pair after welding.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate comprises the following steps:
s100, processing and treating a welding groove, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s101, groove machining, which comprises the following specific steps:
polishing the welding surface of a base layer 1 of the titanium steel composite plate in a machining mode, performing groove machining at a position which is 2-4mm away from the joint of the base layer and a coating and extends to the base layer 1, machining a single-side plate from the position to one side of the coating to form an upper groove in a machining mode, wherein the single-side angle is alpha, and the alpha range is 15-30 degrees; machining a single-side plate to form a lower groove on one side of the base layer in a machining mode, wherein the angle of the single side is beta, the beta range is 10-25 degrees, and the plates on two sides are symmetrically machined; the asymmetric double-V-shaped groove is formed after the groove group is assembled, and compared with the symmetric double-V-shaped groove, the use amount of welding materials is reduced on the premise that the whole groove is filled with molten metal by adopting the asymmetric double-V-shaped groove, so that the welding cost is reduced.
S102, groove cleaning, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps of cleaning the surface of the composite board by adopting a mechanical cleaning method, specifically removing a rust layer and an oxidation film on the surface of the composite board by using a stainless steel wire to prevent cracks and air holes from being generated in the welding process, polishing the surface of the composite board by using coarse abrasive paper and polishing the surface of the whole groove by using fine abrasive paper, and finally wiping the composite board by using alcohol and acetone to remove grease and dirt impurities and blow-dry the composite board.
S103, groove pairing, which comprises the following specific steps:
the quality of the groove is checked before welding, the groove is well machined, the groove is assembled after the groove is cleaned up, and the gap a between the groove and the groove is 1-3 mm.
After the groove group is assembled, as shown in fig. 1, 3 is an area for forming a filling transition layer during welding, the area for forming the transition layer extends from the groove root of the base layer to one side of the coating, for the convenience of subsequent welding, the height for forming the transition layer during welding is 1-2 mm higher than that of the base layer, the thickness is 3-5mm, and the molten filling metal of the transition layer during welding can fully avoid the direct contact of Ti and Fe, so that the formation of brittle compounds is reduced, and the smooth welding is facilitated.
S200, welding a base layer, wherein the specific method is as follows:
the plate and the welding wire are preheated for half an hour, TIG is adopted for welding the base layer and the filling transition layer, and the reason for adopting the welding process is as follows: if the heat input is too large, the composite plate is easy to generate larger thermal stress and cracks during welding; if the heat input is too small, the base plate is thick, and multilayer welding is needed when the base layer is welded; and the laser is difficult to realize multilayer and multi-pass welding, TIG has the advantages of low cost, small operation difficulty, mature process and better weld forming quality, so the welding of the base layer and the transition layer adopts mature TIG. The cladding adopts laser-arc hybrid welding, and the laser-arc hybrid welding has the advantages of high heat source input and good welding quality, can improve the welding speed, avoids generating brittle and hard compounds, and ensures the welding quality.
Welding the base layer 1 by adopting TIG (tungsten inert gas), firstly welding the root of a groove at the lower side of the base layer 1 to form a root backing welding layer 4, wherein the welding current is 110-130A; after the root bottoming welding layer is welded, downward welding is carried out in a multilayer welding mode to form a middle bottoming welding layer 5 and a top bottoming welding layer 6, and the welding current is 140-160A; and finally, forming a bottoming seal layer 7 by adopting multi-pass welding, wherein the welding current is 130-150A, the welding wire is made of the same material or similar component as the base layer 1, the gas flow is 10-15L/min in the welding process, and the diameter of the tungsten wire is uniform and phi is 2.5 mm.
S300, filling and welding the transition layer, wherein the specific method is as follows:
after the welding of the base layer is finished, the groove is cleaned, TIG single-layer single-pass welding is adopted, a filling transition layer 8 is formed by upward welding and filling of the root part of the groove of the base layer, materials of the same material or copper and vanadium are selected as filling metal of the transition layer, the welding current of the transition layer is 80-120A, the gas flow is 10-15L/min, the welding defect of undercut and cracks can be avoided in the welding of the transition layer, in order to facilitate subsequent welding, the height of the transition filling layer is 1-2 mm higher than that of the base layer, the thickness is 3-5mm, and the existence of the transition layer can avoid the direct contact of Ti and Fe in the welding process to form a brittle compound.
S400, cladding welding, which comprises the following specific steps:
after the filling of the transition layer is finished, cleaning the groove, welding the coating 2 by adopting laser-arc hybrid welding, and selecting a welding wire according to an equal-strength principle and a corrosion resistance standard; the front and back protection devices of laser welding are adopted in the whole welding process, and the shielding gas is argon with the purity of 99.99 percent; welding current is 80-100A, the welding speed is not too high, and incomplete penetration is avoided; argon is introduced 5 minutes before welding, and the flow is 50L/min; adjusting the front gas protection device and the 3-5mm position of the upper surface of the composite board, and keeping the protection device above the welding joint for 30-40 seconds after welding.
Heat treatment is generally not required after welding.
Examples
A welding method of a titanium steel composite plate (in the embodiment, the thickness of a base layer is 10mm, and the thickness of a coating layer is 2mm), wherein a base layer plate is a Q345 steel plate, and the coating layer is a titanium plate.
S100, processing and treating a welding groove, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s101, groove machining, which comprises the following specific steps:
the welding surface of the base layer 1 of the titanium steel composite plate is polished by adopting a machining mode, the groove machining is carried out at the position 2mm below the joint of the base layer and the coating, the upper side groove is formed by adopting the machining mode for machining the coating 2 of the unilateral plate, the lower side groove is formed by adopting the machining mode for machining the base layer 1 of the unilateral plate, and the plates on two sides are symmetrically machined.
S102, groove cleaning, which comprises the following specific steps:
the method comprises the following steps of cleaning the surface of the composite board by adopting a mechanical cleaning method, specifically removing a rust layer and an oxidation film on the surface of the composite board by using a stainless steel wire to prevent cracks and air holes from being generated in the welding process, polishing the surface of the composite board by using coarse abrasive paper and polishing the surface of the whole groove by using fine abrasive paper, and finally wiping the composite board by using alcohol and acetone to remove grease and dirt impurities and blow-dry the composite board.
S103, groove pairing, which comprises the following specific steps:
the quality of the groove is checked before welding, the groove is well machined, and the groove is assembled after the groove is cleaned up. The groove pairs form asymmetric double V-shaped grooves after being paired, and the gap a between the paired grooves is 1 mm.
S200, welding a base layer, wherein the specific method is as follows:
welding the base layer 1 by adopting TIG (tungsten inert gas) to form a welding layer 4-7, cleaning a groove before welding, and preheating a plate and a welding wire for half an hour, wherein the preheating can effectively improve the welding quality; the backing welding wire is ER50-6 welding wire with the diameter phi of 1.2mm, and multilayer welding is adopted in the welding process; welding current of 120-130A for a bottom welding bead 4 at the root part; the welding current of the middle backing weld bead 5 and the upper backing weld bead 6 is 150-160A; the welding current of the backing weld bead 7 is 140-150A, the gas flow is unified to be 10-15L/min in the welding process, and the diameter of the tungsten filament is unified to be phi 2.5 mm.
S300, filling and welding the transition layer, wherein the specific method is as follows:
after the welding of the base layer is finished, the groove is cleaned, the transition layer is subjected to TIG single-layer single-pass welding to form a filling transition layer 8, the transition layer is filled from the root of the groove on one side of the base layer to one side of the coating, the thickness of the transition layer is 1mm higher than that of the base layer, the groove is filled with pure copper welding wires, the welding current of the transition layer is 80-100A, the gas flow is 10-15L/min, and the welding defects of undercut, cracks and the like during the welding of the transition layer are avoided.
S400, cladding welding, which comprises the following specific steps:
and (3) welding the cladding by adopting laser-arc hybrid welding, wherein the welding wire is TA10 welding wire with the diameter of 1.6mm to form a cladding welding layer 9.
The asymmetric double V groove angles used in this example were 45 ° and 60 °.
The welding-related conditions of this example are shown in table 1:
with reference to fig. 3 and table 1, it can be seen that most of the welding seams of the welding method are filled with the cheaper ER50-6 welding wire, and the filling transition layer is made of pure copper welding wire, so that the welding material cost in the technical scheme of the invention is relatively low, the welding cost is reduced on the premise of ensuring the welding quality, a series of defects such as loss of high-grade welding materials due to direct welding are avoided, and the method has high popularization value.
Claims (10)
1. A welding method of a titanium steel bimetal composite plate comprises the following steps:
s100, processing and treating welding groove
S200, welding a base layer
S300, filling and welding of transition layer
S400, cladding welding.
2. The welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate according to claim 1, wherein S100 comprises: s101, groove processing, S102, groove cleaning, and S103, groove pairing; s101, the specific method is as follows: polishing the welding surface of the base layer of the titanium steel composite plate by adopting a machining mode, performing groove machining at a position which is 2-4mm away from the joint of the base layer and the coating layer and extends to the base layer, machining a single-side plate from the position to one side of the coating layer by adopting a machining mode to form an upper groove, wherein the single-side angle is alpha, and the alpha range is 15-30 degrees; machining a single-side plate to form a lower groove on one side of the base layer in a machining mode, wherein the angle of the single side is beta, the beta range is 10-25 degrees, and the plates on two sides are symmetrically machined; and forming an asymmetric double V-shaped groove after the groove group is assembled.
3. The welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate according to the claims 1-2, characterized in that the specific method of S102 is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of cleaning the surface of the composite board by adopting a mechanical cleaning method, specifically removing a rust layer and an oxidation film on the surface of the composite board by using a stainless steel wire to prevent cracks and air holes from being generated in the welding process, polishing the surface of the composite board by using coarse abrasive paper and polishing the surface of a base layer, a coating layer and the whole groove by using fine abrasive paper, wiping the composite board by using alcohol and acetone to remove grease and dirt impurities, and drying the composite board.
4. The welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate according to the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the specific method of S103 is as follows: the quality of the groove is checked before welding, the groove is well machined, the groove is assembled after the groove is cleaned up, the gap a between the groove assemblies is 1-3 mm, the groove assemblies are arranged backwards, the region for forming the transition layer extends from the groove root of the base layer to one side of the coating, the height for forming the transition layer by welding is 1-2 mm higher than that of the base layer, and the thickness is 3-5 mm.
5. The welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate according to claim 4, wherein the specific method S200 is as follows: preheating the plate and the welding wire for half an hour, adopting TIG (tungsten inert gas) for welding the base layer and the filling transition layer, and adopting laser-arc hybrid welding for the coating layer.
6. The welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate according to claim 5, wherein S300 is as follows: after the base layer welding is finished, the groove is cleaned, TIG single-layer single-pass welding is adopted, a filling transition layer is formed by upward welding and filling of the root of the groove of the base layer, materials of the same material or copper and vanadium are selected as filling metal of the transition layer, the welding current of the transition layer is 80-120A, the gas flow is 10-15L/min, the welding defect of undercut and cracks is avoided in the welding of the transition layer, the height of the transition filling layer is 1-2 mm higher than that of the base layer, the thickness of the transition layer is 3-5mm, and the transition layer can prevent Ti and Fe in the welding process from directly contacting to form a brittle compound.
7. The welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate according to claim 6, wherein S400 comprises the following specific steps: after the filling of the transition layer is finished, cleaning the groove, welding the coating by adopting laser-arc hybrid welding, and selecting a welding wire according to an equal-strength principle and a corrosion resistance standard; the front and back protection devices of laser welding are adopted in the whole welding process, and the shielding gas is argon with the purity of 99.99 percent; welding current is 80-100A, the welding speed is not too high, and incomplete penetration is avoided; argon is introduced 5 minutes before welding, and the flow is 50L/min; adjusting the front gas protection device and the 3-5mm position of the upper surface of the composite board, and keeping the protection device above the welding joint for 30-40 seconds after welding.
8. The welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate according to claim 7, wherein the base layer is welded by TIG, a root backing welding layer is firstly formed by welding the root of the groove on the lower side of the base layer, and the welding current is 110-130A; after the root bottoming welding layer is welded, downward welding is carried out in a multilayer welding mode to form a middle bottoming welding layer and a top bottoming welding layer, and the welding current is 140-160A; and finally, forming a bottoming seal layer by adopting multi-pass welding, wherein the welding current is 130-150A, the welding wire is made of the same material or similar components as the base layer, the gas flow is 10-15L/min in the welding process, and the diameter of the tungsten wire is uniform and phi is 2.5 mm.
9. The method of welding titanium steel bimetal composite plates according to claim 8, wherein no heat treatment is required after welding.
10. The welding method of the titanium steel bimetal composite plate according to claim 9, wherein the titanium steel bimetal composite plate is composed of a base layer and a covering layer, the base layer and the covering layer are connected through explosive welding, the base layer is made of common carbon steel and has the thickness of 5-35 mm; the coating is titanium steel, and the coating thickness is 2 ~ 5 mm.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113798677A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-17 | 江苏科技大学 | Welding method of duplex stainless steel and titanium alloy |
| CN115229194A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-10-25 | 太原理工大学 | Method for realizing connection of titanium steel medium plate by high-speed laser cladding additive CuNi alloy |
| CN117283131A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-12-26 | 北京科技大学 | Titanium-steel composite board welding method based on transition layer |
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